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SLP PRAXIS PRACTICE EXAM 2025 (FORM 3) |
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A study is conducted to determine how well a dysphagia screening test predicts aspiration that is later confirmed with a videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSSV F S S). The study results are presented in the table below. (Top left) Failed Screen/Aspiration: 45 (Bottom left) Passed Screen/Aspiration: 5 (Top right) Failed Screen/No Asp: 20 (Bottom right) Passed Screen/No Asp: 30 Which THREE of the following statements about this dysphagia screening test are true? A.The screening test's sensitivity is 90% B.The screening test's sensitivity is 69% C.The screening test's specificity is 90% D.The screening test's specificity is 60% E.The number of false negatives was 5 F.The number of false negatives was 20 ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------- ---------A, D, E, Options (A), (D), and (E) are correct. The screening test's sensitivity is the proportion of patients who aspirated and failed the screen (top cell in the first column) to the total of all patients who aspirated on the VFSS (total of the first column); therefore, 45/50 = 0.9045 divided by 50, equals 0.90. The screening test's specificity is the proportion of patients who did not aspirate and passed the screen (bottom cell in the second column) to the total of all patients who did not aspirate on the VFSSV F S S (total of second column); therefore, 30/50 = 0.6030 divided by 50, equals 0.60. False negatives are patients who passed the screen who actually aspirated on the VFSSV F S S (bottom cell of first column).
A study is conducted to determine how well a dysphagia screening test predicts aspiration that is later confirmed with a videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSSV F S S). The study results are presented in the table below. (Top left) Failed Screen/Aspiration: 45 (Bottom left) Passed Screen/Aspiration: 5 (Top right) Failed Screen/No Asp: 20 (Bottom right) Passed Screen/No Asp: 30 Which TWO of the following statements about the results of a screening test are correct? A.Sensitivity is the proportion of people who fail the screening test who are aspirators B.Specificity is the proportion of people who pass the screening test who are aspirators C.Sensitivity is the proportion of people who pass the screening test who are not aspirators D.Specificity is the proportion of people who pass the screening test who are not aspirators ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A, D During a speech-language evaluation at a preschool, a child has difficulty with receptive language tasks and responds with only one-word utterances to expressive language items. The child's eye contact is poor throughout the session. When observed with the other children in class, the child does not engage with peers but prefers self-stimulating behaviors such as flapping arms and throwing papers up in the air. According to the child's teacher, these are typical behaviors for the child. Given the data obtained, which of the following steps is most appropriate for the SLP to take next? A.Engaging in an inter-professional practice (IPP) to determine the appropriate diagnosis of ASDA S D B.Conducting the full evaluation when the child is more cooperative so that accurate recommendations can be made C.Initiating expressive language therapy to focus on expanding conversational utterances D.Training the teacher to deliver ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- A
the following treatments best prioritizes the patient's language needs and personal goals? A.Providing a script for the patient to recite that allows her to tell people about her stroke B.Starting Verb Network Strengthening Treatment (VNeST) to increase word retrieval in untrained discourse C.Engaging the patient in semantic feature analysis (SFA) to teach her self- cuing techniques and aid with word retrieval D.Having the patient use mel ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------B Option (B) is correct. The patient's language impairment is related to word-retrieval impairments that affect the ability to produce complete utterances. VNeSTV N e S T has been shown to increase word- retrieval abilities in untrained tasks, which could potentially aid in various functional scenarios. Ms. Malone, a 65-year-old retired attorney, presents with severe nonfluent aphasia secondary to a stroke that occurred more than a year ago. Speech-language intervention helped her regain the ability to answer simple questions but not initiate speech. Citing Ms. Malone's frustration at her limitations, her family requests that she be evaluated for an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) device. During Ms. Malone's assessment, the SLP determines that she could potentially benefit from AAC services and initiates discussion of intervention goals. Once goals are established and Ms. Malone has her device, she begins to learn how to operate her device to produce common spoken messages. Over the course of intervention, Ms. Malone is ultimately able to produce novel sentences. Regarding Ms. Malone's proposed AAC assessment, which of the following statements is true? A.Her choice of devices will be severely limit ---------CORRECT ANSWER-- ---------------B Ms. Malone, a 65-year-old retired attorney, presents with severe nonfluent aphasia secondary to a stroke that occurred more than a year ago. Speech-language intervention helped her regain the ability to answer
simple questions but not initiate speech. Citing Ms. Malone's frustration at her limitations, her family requests that she be evaluated for an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) device. During Ms. Malone's assessment, the SLP determines that she could potentially benefit from AAC services and initiates discussion of intervention goals. Once goals are established and Ms. Malone has her device, she begins to learn how to operate her device to produce common spoken messages. Over the course of intervention, Ms. Malone is ultimately able to produce novel sentences. Which of the following statements reflects the best strategy for the development of Ms. Malone's intervention goals? A.The SLP must decid ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------D Ms. Malone, a 65-year-old retired attorney, presents with severe nonfluent aphasia secondary to a stroke that occurred more than a year ago. Speech-language intervention helped her regain the ability to answer simple questions but not initiate speech. Citing Ms. Malone's frustration at her limitations, her family requests that she be evaluated for an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) device. During Ms. Malone's assessment, the SLP determines that she could potentially benefit from AAC services and initiates discussion of intervention goals. Once goals are established and Ms. Malone has her device, she begins to learn how to operate her device to produce common spoken messages. Over the course of intervention, Ms. Malone is ultimately able to produce novel sentences. Which THREE of the following are additional communication strategies that are valid for Ms. Malone? A.Incorporating multimodal communicat ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------- ---------A, B, D Options (A), (B), and (D) are correct. Option (A) is correct because multimodal strategies augment the entirety of communication. Option (B) is correct because AACA A C intervention works best when regular communication partners are involved. Option (D) is correct because taking an active role in initiating communication will help MsMiss. Malone incorporate the AACA A C intervention into her daily life and result in improved confidence and less frustration.
B.The chin-down posture eliminates thin-liquid aspiration from the pyriform sinuses. C.Supraglottic swallow may cause cardiac arrhythmia in patients with coronary artery disease or stroke history. D.Mass practice and task specificity are important principles of exercise therapy. E.Periodontal disease due to poor oral hygiene increases aspiration risk in people with dysphagia. F.Shaker and jaw-opening exercises are designed to increase the upper esophageal sphincter opening. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------C, D, F Options (C), (D) and (F) are correct. Studies have found that patients with strokes or coronary artery disease who perform the supraglottic swallow maneuver can develop cardiac arrhythmia, the definition of motor learning theory states mass practice and task specificity are important principles of exercise therapy, and Shaker and jaw-opening exercises are designed to increase upper esophageal sphincter opening. To best apply the multiple oppositions method for phonological errors when treating a child, an SLP should use pairs of words such as A. "son" and "ton," "fun" and "pun," and "zoo" and "do" to help discriminate stops from fricatives B. "torn" and "sore," "soup" and "two," and "fast" and "pat" to help produce final consonants C. "doe" and "go," "doe" and "though," and "doe and Joe" to address using /d/d, as in the word dog for various sounds D. "key" and "tea," "cone" and "tone," and "cap" and "tap" to address the use of velar fronting ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------C Which of the following treatments is most appropriate to promote expressive and receptive language performance in conversation for an individual with aphasia? A.Melodic intonation therapy B.Promoting Aphasics' Communication Effectiveness C.Response elaboration training
D.Semantic feature analysis ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------B Option (B) is correct. This therapy approach targets communication using any means necessary (talking, gestures, pointing, vocalizations, drawing) as opposed to targeting a specific language modality such as written expression, verbal expression, reading comprehension, or auditory comprehension. Studies of the anatomy of human vocal folds and of mucosal behavior during phonation have led to the current cover-body characterization of the vocal fold. Which of the following is included in the vocal-fold transition? A.The epithelium and superficial lamina propria B.The epithelium and deep lamina propria C.The intermediate and deep layers of the lamina propria D.The lamina of the thyroid cartilage ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------- ----C A 42-year-old male teacher is referred for a voice evaluation. History and perceptual voice assessments reveal an eight-month history of progressive dysphonia, which is currently characterized by a rough and breathy voice. Acoustic and aerodynamic assessments reveal aperiodic voice signal, reduced frequency range, increased subglottal air pressure, and increased transglottal airflow. The patient complains of voice fatigue at the end of the day and pain during phonation. The patient reports moderate alcohol use but is not currently a smoker. He has no previous history of chronic voice problems, surgery, or neurological disease. Based on the patient's history, which of the following assessments will best allow the SLP to assess vocal fold vibratory dynamics during phonation? A.Videofluoroscopic assessment B.Laryngeal videostroboscopy C.Nasoendoscopy D.Ultrasound ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------B
A speech language pathologist evaluated Sophia Allen, a 6-year-old girl. The SLP completed a case history with Sophia's mother and conducted a comprehensive speech and language assessment. During the case study the SLP learned that Sophia has had a normal developmental history and is currently healthy with no known neurological deficits. Sophia's mother first became concerned when Sophia could not describe her school day. Sophia's sentences lacked detail or were composed of very basic words and consisted of simple sentence structures. Sophia's first- grade teacher reported that her speech sounds immature compared to that of her classmates and that she frequently does not follow directions. During the assessment Sophia passed the oral mechanism examination and hearing screening. Sophia received a standard score of 99, placing her in the 47th percentile on a commonly used receptive vocabulary test. Which of the followi ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A Option (A) is correct. Language sample analysis is an appropriate measure to assess progress toward meeting intervention goals and objectives because it is a naturalistic approach to measurement, whereas standardized measures and the scores derived from them are invalid for treatment progress monitoring purposes. Elisions and transpositions are referred to as phoneme A.additions B.blending C.deletions D.manipulations ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------D Which of the following groups of phonemes can best be described as the Six-Sound Test by Ling? A. /u/, /e/, /o/, /a/, /æ/, /ə/ B. /f/, /s/, /θ/, /ʃ/, /z/, /h/ C. /m/, /a/, /u/, /i/, /s/, /ʃ / D. /d/, /g/, /e/, /o/, /s/, /ʃ/ ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------C Option (C) is correct. The six phonemes that are part of Ling's Six-Sound Test are /m/, /a/, /u/, /i/, /s/, /ʃ /m, as in the word mat, a, as in the word path,
u, as in the word ooze, i, as in the word he, s, as in the word sit, latin small letter esh, as in the word she. A school-age patient being assessed for a language disorder listens to a short passage and is asked "whw h" questions based on the passage. The SLP reviews the patient's responses, records any errors, and then teaches the patient strategies to answer "who" and "what" questions. The SLP makes careful notes about how much assistance the client requires to achieve a correct response. After several sessions, the SLP reassesses the patient's responses to "whw h" questions. Which of the following types of assessment is primarily exemplified in the scenario? A.Standardized assessment B.Criterion-referenced assessment C.Dynamic assessment D.Curriculum-based assessment ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- C When completing an oral mechanism examination on a patient presenting with stroke-like symptoms, which of the following findings would be most likely to predict aspiration during an instrumental swallow evaluation? A.Inability to swallow on command B.Facial droop C.Absent gag reflex D.Breathy phonation ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------D Option (D) is correct. Studies have demonstrated that breathy phonation would indicate possible vocal fold and/or pharyngeal paralysis. A mother reports that her three-year-old son's speech seems normal at school, but at home his speech is either loud or fast, or he stops talking altogether. The mother further reports that she, her husband, and their two older children speak quickly and interrupt each other frequently. She is concerned that her son is not developing the speech and language skills to keep up. Which of the following statements is most accurate with respect to the mother's concern?
3 - Flaccid 4 - Hyperkinetic A.Using rhythmic or metered cueing B.Practicing relaxation exercises C.Implementing sensory tricks D.Performing pushing-pulling exercises ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------- --------1B, 2A, 3D, 4C When completing a videofluoroscopic swallow study on a geriatric patient, which of the following findings is most appropriately considered typical development? A.Vallecular retention of more than 50 percent of vallecular height B.Nasopharyngeal regurgitation C.Liquid bolus enters pharynx before hyolaryngeal excursion begins D.Oral pocketing ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------C A 9-year-old child is one year post tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy and presents with moderate hypernasality and consistent nasal emission. The child was referred for assessment, and velopharyngeal incompetency was identified. Which of the following would be the next appropriate step for the SLP to take? A.Continue to monitor resonance as the child still may spontaneously improve B.Discuss surgical management options with the craniofacial team C.Initiate therapy to discriminate between hypernasal speech and oral speech D.Slow down rate of speech to help velopharyngeal closure --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------B Option (B) is correct. Nasopharyngoscopy will be conducted to visualize the velopharyngeal mechanism and provide information for possible surgical management.
An SLP evaluates the speech of a child with suspected velopharyngeal dysfunction. Loading sentences with which of the following types of stimuli would be most helpful to include in the speech evaluation? A. Nasal phonemes B. High-pressure oral stops and fricatives C. Sustained /α/ sounds D. Liquids and glides ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------B A kindergarten teacher requests a speech screening for a student who is 5 years, 2 months old. The teacher observes that the student has a lisp during conversation and reading activities. Results of the screening note an interdental sound production for /s/ and /z/ in all positions of words. The oral peripheral screening appears unremarkable and adequate for speech production. Which of the following summary recommendations is most appropriate based on the student's screening results? A.Interdental production of /s/ and /z/ sounds are within range of typical development. Continue to monitor and reassess in one year. B.Interdental production of /s/ and /z/ are not within the range of typical development. An evaluation is recommended. C. Interdental production of the /s/ sound is within the range of typical development, while /z/ sound errors are not. RTI intervention is recommended. D.Correct production of /s/ and /z/ ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------
- A Option (A) is correct. The /s/s, as in the word sit and /z/z, as in the word zebra sounds are not mastered until age 7 or later. Which of the following plans is most appropriate when assessing a patient with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) to characterize cognitive aspects of communication that affect functional abilities? A.Administering an aphasia battery to form a comprehensive assessment of the patient's linguistic abilities B.Conducting an assessment to evaluate for the presence and severity of dysarthria C.Observing a conversation between the patient and a familiar individual for difficulties in functional communication
B. Asking an SLP to rate the 30 subjects C. Asking one SLP to rate the 30 subjects before treatment and another SLP to rate them after treatment D. Asking an SLP to rate the 30 subjects and then rate them again two weeks later ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A After an evaluation of a patient's communication needs, an SLP pursues acquisition of a high-tech AAC device. The patient's private health insurance rejects the request, stating that the device is "not medically necessary." The SLP can best advocate for the patient by immediately appealing A.to the insurance company to determine a lower-technology device that is covered by the payer B.the denial and providing a review of how the patient's quality of life is impacted by the device C.the denial and providing data regarding the medical necessity for the device D.to a member of the state government for coverage of high-tech AAC devices ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------C An SLP works at a hospital with the adult acute-care inpatient team. During a clinical bedside swallow evaluation, a patient asks the SLP how common it is for adults to experience a swallowing disorder. The SLP tells the patient that recent research indicates the prevalence of adults with swallowing problems each year is A.1 in 25 B.1 in 50 C.1 in 100 D.1 in 200 ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A Option (A) is correct because recent research indicates that 1 in 25 adults are affected by a swallowing problem per year. As part of a routine preschool screening, an SLP tests a 4 year old whose speech is characterized by sound omissions, hypernasality, nasal
emission, and weak consonants. Which of the following would be most appropriately evaluated initially? A.Oral-motor behavior B.Velopharyngeal function C.Laryngeal function D.Phonological awareness ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------B Which of the following is the minimal contrast approach most appropriately used to treat? A.Phonological disorders B.Dysphagia C.Dysarthria D.Global aphasia ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A Alicia is a fourth-grade student with a language impairment that interferes with her academic performance and social communication. On a standardized test of expressive language ability, she received an overall score of 97.5, placing her in the 65th percentile. Alicia's test result indicates that she A.performed as well as or better than 65% of the individuals on whom the norms were developed B.responded correctly to 65% of the 150 items included in the expressive- language test C.performed as well as or better than 65% of the other fourth graders who took the same test D.responded correctly to 97.5% of the test items, as did 65% of the other children taking the test ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A Which THREE of the following variables are considered risk factors for late language emergence? A.Male gender B.Access to print material C.Low socioeconomic status D.Moderately low birth weight
B.Deferring the evaluation for 24 hours because the patient was just extubated to allow a possible improvement in the patient's swallow function before evaluation C.Completing a clinical bedside swallow evaluation to determine patient readiness for an instrumental ev ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- C, Option (C) is correct. Several studies using instrumental assessment have concluded that some patients recover airway protection and swallow function within 24 hours of extubation and others much later than 24 hours post-extubation following prolonged endotracheal intubation, suggesting that a 24-hour "deferral time" benchmark is not particularly useful. Which of the following procedures is most important for an SLP to consider when assessing the social aspect of a school-age child's communication skills? A.Collecting a language sample to assess narrative skills B.Assessing expressive vocabulary used by the child on a picture vocabulary test C.Observing the child interacting with peers in natural settings, such as during recess D.Looking for a discrepancy between the child's IQI Q and communication skills to determine eligibility ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------C Which of the following communication diagnoses would most likely require a treatment program that is focused on improving auditory language comprehension? A.Right-hemisphere communication impairment B.Global aphasia C.Wernicke's aphasia D.Broca's aphasia ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------C, Option (C) is correct. The hallmark of Wernicke's aphasia is deficits in auditory comprehension, because the site of lesions is most typically the left superior temporal gyrus.
Which of the following procedures best establishes whether velopharyngeal dysfunction causing hypernasality is present in a patient with flaccid dysarthria? A.A nasopharyngoscopy B.A videofluoroscopic swallow study C.A laryngoscopy D.A manometry ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A The parents of an 8-year-old boy who stutters are upset because their child was placed in the lowest reading group at school because of his poor performance on an oral reading fluency assessment in the classroom. The parents are very sure that their child is reading at an average to above- average level compared to his classmates. The SLP's informal observations of the boy's reading performance during fluency therapy sessions are consistent with the parents' report. Which of the following is the most appropriate way for the SLP to advocate for the boy? A.Offer to conduct a reading assessment with the boy and report the score to the boy's teacher. B.Recommend that the teacher reassess the child's reading level with an assessment that uses silent reading. C.Wait until the child's speech improves in therapy, and then ask the child's teacher to readminister the oral reading assessment. D.Encourage the child to continue pr ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------- ----B Which of the following conditions is primarily associated with a short lingual frenulum, heart-shaped tongue tip, and a failure to elevate the tongue tip beyond the mandibular incisors, as revealed during oral-facial examination? A.Bulbar palsy B.Ankyloglossia C.Glossoptosis D.Congenital lip pits ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------B
