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SLP PRAXIS FORM 1 EXAM 2025 | ALL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+ |
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Which of the following, if observed in the speech of an African American child, is most likely to represent a dialectical variation rather than an articulation error? A. /f/ for /θ/ in postvocalic position B. /θ/ for /s/ in all positions C. Affricates for fricatives in word-final position D. Dentals for velars in word-initial position ---------CORRECT ANSWER---- -------------Correct Answer: A Option (A) is correct. The use of voiceless labiodental fricatives for voiceless interdental fricatives is a feature of African American Vernacular English (AAVE). Children diagnosed as having specific language impairments are likely to exhibit the greatest deficits in which of the following? A. Production of sentences with appropriate inflectional morphology and syntax B. Acquisition of word meanings C. Comprehension of short sentences D. Motoric aspects of written expression ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------- ---------Correct Answer: A Option (A) is correct. Children with specific language impairments typically have difficulty producing utterances that are morphologically and syntactically well formed. A 5-year-old girl with a repaired cleft palate has recently undergone a pharyngeal flap operation to correct velopharyngeal incompetence, but she continues to use glottal stops, pharyngeal fricatives, and mid-dorsum palatal stops. Which of the following is the most appropriate action for the SLP to take? A. Recommending that the child be examined by a cleft palate team to determine the cause of the persistent articular errors
B. Referring the child back to the surgeon to determine the need for a revision of the pharyngeal flap C. Initiating articulation treatment to teach the correct placement for the stops and fricatives D. Initiating articulation treatment to teach correct production of nonpressure consonant sounds ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. This child is using compensatory glottal stops, mid-dorsum palatal stops, and pharyngeal fricatives for standard American English stops and fricatives. She has had surgical management to correct velopharyngeal incompetence. She now needs to learn to produce the stops and fricatives for which she is making compensations. Therefore, articulation treatment is appropriate. The major objective of auditory training in the treatment of a client with a hearing loss is to A. improve the client's awareness of position and movements of the speech mechanism B. improve the client's kinesthetic and auditory awareness C. increase the client's kinesthetic and proprioceptive discrimination D. teach the client to make discriminations among speech sounds --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. Auditory training focuses on the interpretation of auditory input and would thus teach a client to discriminate speech sounds. A 70-year-old female has dysphagia characterized by poor posterior oral containment of the bolus during the oral preparatory stage, causing aspiration before the swallow. Cognition and the pharyngeal stage of the swallow are intact. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment approach for the client? A. Providing a puree diet with thickened liquids B. Having the client flex her head forward (perform the chin-down posture) during oral preparation and transit stages of the swallow C. Having the client turn (rotate) her head to the right when swallowing
Option (B) is correct. A multimodal approach offers more communicative options than any other of the approaches listed. Which of the following is most important for an SLP to do when assessing a child who has an acquired brain injury? A. Evaluate pragmatics through a structured language test B. Compare premorbid performance with present performance C. Ensure administration of an intelligence test D. Compare nonverbal performance with verbal performance --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. An SLP needs to know what skills the child attained prior to the brain injury in order to select appropriate treatment goals. Which of the following is a type of perturbation that can be measured to determine the amount of noise in the voice? A. Changes in the frequency range between F1 and F2 over time B. Changes in the frequency range between F2 and F3 over time C. F3 cycle-to-cycle variations in sound energy over time D. F0 cycle-to-cycle variations in sound energy over time ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. Perturbation is a disturbance in the quality of the laryngeal tone, or fundamental frequency, of the voice. Which of the following describes an important diagnostic distinction between apraxia of speech and dysarthria? A. Apraxia of speech is a result of lower motor neuron lesions, whereas dysarthria is the result of upper motor neuron lesions. B. Clients with apraxia of speech lack the ability to monitor reactive speech, whereas clients with dysarthria lack the ability to sequence volitional speech movements. C. Strength and coordination of the speech musculature are intact in clients with apraxia of speech, whereas slowness, weakness, incoordination, or altered tone of the speech musculature are associated with dysarthria.
D. Apraxia of speech is characterized by distortions, omissions, and substitutions, whereas dysarthria is characterized by inconsistent, highly variable misarticulations. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder characterized by slowness, weakness, incoordination, or altered tone of the speech production mechanism. The definition of apraxia includes the absence of any deficits in strength, tone, or coordination and rather is characterized by deficits in motor planning and/or programming of speech. Naturalistic teaching chiefly involves which of the following? A. Establishing successful and useful communication B. Using multiple trials and training techniques C. Using more adult-initiated interactions than child-initiated interactions D. Using differential reinforcement, fading, and modeling ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Correct Answer: A Option (A) is correct. Naturalistic teaching focuses on the successful production of utterances that are useful in context for communicating. Ms. Helene, a 60-year-old woman with a suspected neurological disorder, is referred for speech-language evaluation. She achieves a score of 35/ on a measure of confrontation object-naming ability. This score is below norms established for individuals of her age and educational level. Based on these results alone, which of the following statements can most reliably be made about Ms. Helene's disorder? A. She has anomic aphasia, which might or might not be associated with other language deficits. B. She has aphasia, but the type of aphasia cannot be specified on the basis of this test score alone. C. She does not have aphasia but probably does have a memory disturbance. D. She has difficulty with naming, but the precise nature of the deficit cannot be determined on the basis of this test score alone. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Correct Answer: D
C. The inability to rule out the possibility that the children's language scores improved for reasons oth ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Correct Answer: A,B,C Options (A), (B), and (C) are correct. The use of a single-group pretest-posttest design is a limitation because there is inadequate control of internal and external validity without a control group. The absence of a control group is a limitation because control groups are a way of introducing control and can better isolate the effect of the treatment. Furthermore, since it is a longitudinal study, improvement based on language development cannot be ruled out. Which of the following muscles produces the opposing action to those that produce velopharyngeal closure? A. Musculus uvulae B. Levator veli palatini C. Palatoglossus D. Stylopharyngeus ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. Velopharyngeal closure is largely produced by soft palate elevation, and the only muscle in the list that produces soft palate depression (the opposite of soft palate elevation) is the palatoglossus. Michael is a 32-month-old boy who has been receiving early intervention services over the past ten months for delayed speech and expressive- language development. Although his birth was reportedly unremarkable, Michael does have a history of recurrent otitis media with effusion. His parents described him as having been a "well-behaved and quiet baby." When Michael began receiving services, he communicated mainly through gestures and crude vocalizations. An open resting mouth position with slight tongue protrusion was sometimes noted. However, his receptive- language skills were found to be age appropriate and he showed no oral motor deficits during feeding. Michael's expressive-language skills have shown some progress since he began working with the speech-language pathologist, but he remains poorly intelligible. Michael's imitation of tongue,
lip, and jaw movements is characterized by inconsistent groping and errors o ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. Michael's history of recurrent middle ear infections, an otolarygologist would be able to clinically manage otitis media and make provisions to obtain an audiological assessment. Michael is a 32-month-old boy who has been receiving early intervention services over the past ten months for delayed speech and expressive- language development. Although his birth was reportedly unremarkable, Michael does have a history of recurrent otitis media with effusion. His parents described him as having been a "well-behaved and quiet baby." When Michael began receiving services, he communicated mainly through gestures and crude vocalizations. An open resting mouth position with slight tongue protrusion was sometimes noted. However, his receptive- language skills were found to be age appropriate and he showed no oral motor deficits during feeding. Michael's expressive-language skills have shown some progress since he began working with the speech-language pathologist, but he remains poorly intelligible. Michael's imitation of tongue, lip, and jaw movements is characterized by inconsistent groping and errors o ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Correct Answer: A Option (A) is correct. Articulation characterized by groping, inconsistency, and errors of sound and syllable sequencing strongly suggests developmental apraxia of speech. Michael is a 32-month-old boy who has been receiving early intervention services over the past ten months for delayed speech and expressive- language development. Although his birth was reportedly unremarkable, Michael does have a history of recurrent otitis media with effusion. His parents described him as having been a "well-behaved and quiet baby." When Michael began receiving services, he communicated mainly through gestures and crude vocalizations. An open resting mouth position with slight tongue protrusion was sometimes noted. However, his receptive- language skills were found to be age appropriate and he showed no oral motor deficits during feeding. Michael's expressive-language skills have shown some progress since he began working with the speech-language pathologist, but he remains poorly intelligible. Michael's imitation of tongue,
For a patient with communication and swallowing disorders secondary to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a speech-language pathologist will most appropriately A. serve only as a consultant to others who are directly involved in the patient's care B. provide treatment on a monthly basis C. provide treatment only as prescribed by the patient's physician D. provide treatment in consultation with the patient's primary-care physician or medical team ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. Treatment in consultation with the patient's primary-care physician or medical team would provide the information needed to determine the best management of the patient. An otolaryngologist has referred a 45-year-old man for voice treatment following medialization thyroplasty for a paralyzed vocal fold. Which of the following is the most appropriate therapeutic strategy for the SLP to use? A. Assisting the patient to produce a soft glottal attack B. Digitally manipulation of the patient's neck to reduce strap-muscle tension C. Assisting the patient to produce a hard glottal attack D. Employing techniques aimed at increasing airflow ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. Medialization thyroplasty moves the paralyzed vocal fold closer to the mid-glottis to allow better compensation by the unaffected fold. Only the production of a hard glottal attack addresses the compensatory behavior. Compared with children who do not have language disorders, children with language disorders tend to A. take more conversational turns B. initiate topics and direct the flow of conversation more C. ask fewer open-ended questions
D. initiate more indirect requests ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. Children with language disorders tend to ask fewer open-ended questions than do children who are developing normally. Which of the following types of cerebral palsy is characterized by slow, arrhythmic writhing and involuntary movements of the extremities? A. Athetosis B. Spasticity C. Hypotonia D. Bulbar palsy ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Correct Answer: A Option (A) is correct. Athetosis is a type of cerebral palsy that is characterized by slow, arrhythmic writhing and involuntary movements of the extremities. Intervention from an SLP for a nursing-home resident who is in a late stage of progressive dementia will most effectively focus on A. conversational intelligibility B. recall of salient vocabulary words C. comprehension of social discourse D. assisting in communication routines ---------CORRECT ANSWER---------- -------Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. Intervention from an SLP for a nursing-home resident in a late stage of progressive dementia would most effectively focus on assisting the resident with daily communication functions. For a test of expressive morphology and syntax for speakers of African American Vernacular English (AAVE), the test item that would be considered LEAST biased against such speakers would be one requiring A. use of the auxiliary verb "be" in the present progressive tense B. use of the past-tense ending "-ed" C. use of sentences with multiple negation
Option (B) is correct. Early language stimulation in at-risk infants is best provided by primary caregivers who have been trained in practices that promote learning. The figure above shows the oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal structures involved in swallowing. Which of the following best describes the transit of the bolus at the moment depicted in the figure? A. The bolus is traveling through the esophagus. B. The bolus is being propelled from the oral cavity by the tongue and has entered the pharynx. C. The bolus has passively exited the oral cavity without propulsion by the tongue. D. Laryngeal penetration of some of the bolus is evident. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. The tongue is in contact with the entire anterior and most of the mid to posterior hard palate. Furthermore, the bolus head has passed the epiglottis and is descending into the hypopharynx. Primary motor innervation to the larynx and velum is provided by which cranial nerve? A. V B. VII C. IX D. X ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. Primary innervation to the larynx and velum is provided by cranial nerve X, the vagus nerve. The other answer choices identify cranial nerves that are not primarily involved in motor innervation to the larynx and velum.
- Answer the question below by clicking on the correct response.Top of Form Fela is a third-grade student in a public school. She is a speaker of African American Vernacular English (AAVE) who has difficulty with the Standard American English (SAE) dialect used in her classroom. Her teacher
believes that Fela's language skills are affecting her academic performance and has referred her to the school's speech-language pathologist. Which of the following is an appropriate rationale for providing language intervention for Fela? Select all that apply. A. It will likely foster better communication with Fela's linguistically and culturally diverse peers. B. It will likely improve Fela's code-switching ability with her teacher and other adult speakers of SAE. C. It may expand Fela's later academic and vocational opportunities. D. It will likely lead Fela to adopt SAE as her primary dialect. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Correct Answer: A,B,C Options (A), (B), and (C) are correct. The intervention will foster better communication because Fela and her peers will have a common dialect. Also, the intervention will provide Fela with the ability to switch easily between dialects using SAE structures. Furthermore, being able to switch codes will enable Fela to participate in more educational and vocational opportunities.
- Answer the question below by clicking on the correct response. Federal laws regarding freedom of access to information stipulate that client records kept or written by health care professionals can be A. reviewed only by other health-care professionals B. reviewed only by the clients themselves unless the client provides written permission to share with others C. reviewed by anyone who submits a formal written request D. released only by subpoena ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. Clients have the right to review their own records.
- Answer the question below by clicking on the correct response.Top of Form To justify providing individual treatment for a 2½ year old with apraxia of speech, which of the following would be LEAST important for the SLP to include in the evaluation report? A. A description of the child's typical interaction with peers
This investigation was motivated by observations that when persons with dysarthria increase loudness, their speech improves. Some studies have indicated that this improvement may be related to an increase of prosodic variation. Studies have reported an increase of fundamental frequency (F0) variation with increased loudness, but there has been no examination of the relation of loudness manipulation to specific prosodic variables that are known to aid a listener in parsing out meaningful information. This study examined the relation of vocal loudness production to selected acoustic variables known to inform listeners of phrase and sentence boundaries: specifically, F0 declination and final-word lengthening. Ten young, healthy women were audio-recorded while they read aloud a paragraph at what each considered normal loudness, twice-normal loudness, and half-normal loudness. Results showed that there was a statistically ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. The researchers manipulated vocal loudness to determine its effect on prosodic F0 and durational variables. This investigation was motivated by observations that when persons with dysarthria increase loudness, their speech improves. Some studies have indicated that this improvement may be related to an increase of prosodic variation. Studies have reported an increase of fundamental frequency (F0) variation with increased loudness, but there has been no examination of the relation of loudness manipulation to specific prosodic variables that are known to aid a listener in parsing out meaningful information. This study examined the relation of vocal loudness production to selected acoustic variables known to inform listeners of phrase and sentence boundaries: specifically, F0 declination and final-word lengthening. Ten young, healthy women were audio-recorded while they read aloud a paragraph at what each considered normal loudness, twice-normal loudness, and half-normal loudness. Results showed that there was a statistically ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. At the end of the abstract, the researchers Hughes suggest a relationship between increased vocal loudness and "improvement in communicative effectiveness" in some persons with dysarthria. This relationship is not directly supported by their study, as individuals with dysarthria were not tested.
This investigation was motivated by observations that when persons with dysarthria increase loudness, their speech improves. Some studies have indicated that this improvement may be related to an increase of prosodic variation. Studies have reported an increase of fundamental frequency (F0) variation with increased loudness, but there has been no examination of the relation of loudness manipulation to specific prosodic variables that are known to aid a listener in parsing out meaningful information. This study examined the relation of vocal loudness production to selected acoustic variables known to inform listeners of phrase and sentence boundaries: specifically, F0 declination and final-word lengthening. Ten young, healthy women were audio-recorded while they read aloud a paragraph at what each considered normal loudness, twice-normal loudness, and half-normal loudness. Results showed that there was a statistically ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. The researchers use the same group of subjects who recite a paragraph under three conditions: at normal, twice-normal, and half-normal loudness. This is an example of a within-subjects design, in which the dependent variables (in this case, prosodic F0 and durational variables) are measured repeatedly in the same subjects under different task conditions (in this case, vocal loudness). A 55-year-old woman, recently hospitalized for probable cerebrovascular accident (CVA), is referred for evaluation of stuttering speech. The initial conversation with the client indicates that speech is characterized by frequent initial-phoneme repetitions and prolongations as well as associated mildly effortful eye blinking. Which of the following pieces of information is crucial to accurate speech diagnosis and decisions regarding management of the speech problem? A. The site and extent of the lesion associated with the suspected CVA B. Whether the client has any associated dysphagia or dysphonia C. Whether the dysfluencies began before or after the suspected CVA D. Whether the client feels frustrated by the dysfluencies ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. Dysfluent speech may or may not be directly caused by the patient's suspected CVA.
Ms. Brown, a 70-year-old retired female, was admitted to the hospital following a CVA. The SLP conducted a comprehensive evaluation that revealed the presence of left-side neglect, anosognosia (denial of impairment), and visuospatial problems, including prosopagnosia (difficulty recognizing familiar faces). Although her auditory comprehension and repetition skills were good, she experienced difficulty with topic maintenance and turn taking. Based on the clinical features described, Ms. Brown's diagnostic classification would most likely be A. Wernicke's aphasia B. Conduction aphasia C. Cognitive-communicative disorder consistent with right hemisphere damage D. Cognitive-communicative disorder consistent with left hemisphere damage ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. The symptoms described in the scenario are consistent with damage to the right hemisphere. A client exhibits weakness, atrophy, and fasciculations of the right side of the tongue and lower face. The client also has right vocal-fold weakness and nasal regurgitation of fluid when swallowing. These problems are the result of damage to which part of the nervous system? A. Brain stem B. Cerebellum C. Left cerebral cortex D. Right cerebral cortex ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Correct Answer: A Option (A) is correct. Weakness, atrophy, fasciculations, and the other described symptoms are all consistent with a lower motor neuron locus and suspected cranial nerve abnormalities (primarily CN X and XII). These cranial nerves emerge directly from the brain stem and help mediate the transfer of messages from the brain to the brain stem and to the structures of the head and neck.
Which of the following constitutes the major component of an audiologic rehabilitation program for infants with a moderate sensorineural hearing loss? A. Development of cognitive skills B. Development of social skills C. Parent-mediated auditory stimulation D. Gestural stimulation ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. For an infant known to have a hearing loss, parents are in the best position to provide consistent auditory stimulation, which the infant needs in order to develop an awareness of sound. A child exhibits the following production errors. w/r θ/s t/ʃ t/tʃ z/dʒ t/k d/g If a target sound for initial intervention is to be selected on the basis of established developmental norms, then that sound will be A. /s/ B. /ʃ/ C. /k/ D. /tʃ/ ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. According to developmental norms, /k/ is the target phoneme that should be selected for intervention. A public-school-based speech-language pathologist is employed in a state that sets the maximum caseload at 65. However, the clinician's caseload is currently at 64 with a waiting list of 10 additional students. The school principal insists that the speech-language pathologist enroll the 10 students immediately, because the district cannot locate another clinician to assist with the caseload. Which of the following is the most appropriate way for the speech-language pathologist to address the situation?
