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SLP PRAXIS EXAM | ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
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A SLP who has been working on improving speech intelligibility of non- native speakers of English wanted to collected objective evidence that his client's speech intelligibility was improving. She recruits four speech- language pathology graduate students at the local university to watch "before-and-after" videos of his accent clients and independently rate each client's speech intelligibility. He finds that for the same client, the intelligibility ratings varied from a 10% to a 60% across the four students. In this situation, one can say that there is: ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------- --------low interjudge reliability Gist: During an experiment, the researchers finds that many participants in the experimental group attend church each Sunday and go to Sunday school after church. They will do bible study and a discussion. None of the control group attend church of Sunday School. At the end of the experiment, the experimental group have improved significantly than the control group. What can the researcher safely conclude from her study? ---- -----CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The experimental group's Sunday school and church attendance on a weekly basis was a possible confounding variable in the study, making it impossible to firmly conclude that the NAP alone caused the difference in the performance of the experimental and control groups. A clinician in private practice often administers the Word Abilities Keystone Evaluation—Upper Portion test to children with language disorders. One day, she becomes curious about the "Typical score" of the children to whom she administers the WAKE-UP. The clinician takes the WAKE-UP scores of 17 children and lines them up in order from lowest to highest score. The clinician concludes that the "typical" or average score on the WAKE-UP is a 73. In terms of measures of central tendency, the average
score calculated by the clinician is the: ---------CORRECT ANSWER---------- -------median. A reviewer has published an article on treatment of vocal abuse in children. The article has critically examined research studies with acceptable methods and procedures and has made an integrative evaluation of evidence for the different ways of treating vocal abuse. This evaluation across studies involved a special kind of statistical analysis which is called a: ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------meta-analysis A clinical researcher, who has been using Van Riper's fluent stuttering approach to treating stuttering in adults, realizes that its effectiveness is unknown. He plans to design a study to find out if the method is effective. To make a valid conclusion, the researcher must use: ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------one of the experimental designs. The belief that vocally abusive behaviors in humans lead to vocal nodules and the resulting voice disorder is supported by: ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------ex post facto or retrospective research. An investigator is interested in evaluating the relative effects of three treatments on the production of grammatical morphemes in children with autism spectrum. The investigator also wishes to see if each treatment is effective in its own right. The most appropriate experimental design for this study is: ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------a group design with four groups. Too many treatment procedures to treat a single communication disorder is one of the perplexities clinicians face. To survive this perplexity and to select a treatment procedure for a given disorder, the clinician should: ------
plans developed by the supervising SLP, checking and maintaining equipment, and collecting and documenting data for quality improvement. Parents in a local school district have asked a clinician to give an in-service on the IDEA (1997). The parents are interested in the content of the IDEA regarding their parental rights, and so forth. Which one of the following would not be accurate for the clinician to tell the parents at the in-service? - --------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The IDEA discourages serving children with disabilities in general education classroom settings; rather, it encourages school districts to create more specialized pull-out programs for such children to best serve their needs. Which statement is true about ASHA's special interest groups (SIGs)? ------ ---CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Clinical Specialty Recognition is available only in a few specialty areas. According to ASHA standards, which one of the following activities would not be within the scope of practice of a speech-language pathologist? ------- --CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Prescribing hearing aids for children and adults with hearing losses. P.L. 99-457 established mandated development of Individualized Family Service Plans (IFSPs). Which one the following is not required to be included in a child's IFSP? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A review of the plan at 12-month intervals or more frequently if needed. The law stating that employers must provide special equipment for workers with disabilities (e.g., relay stations for users of TDDs) is: ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The Americans with Disabilities Act
ESSA stands for: ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Every Student Succeeds Act. Which of the following is not true regarding ESSA? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Under ESSA, the federal government creates short- and long-term goals for academic proficiency. Passed in 1935, the federal government's first major step toward involvement in a widespread program of living and medical assistance to the population at large is known as the: ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------- --------Social Security Act. A minimum of how many hours of supervised clinical experience is needed for an individual to be an SLPA? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- 100 Respiration relies on the muscles of inspiration and expiration. The thick, dome-shaped muscle that separates the abdomen from the thorax is called the... ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Diaphragm Which branch of the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) innervates the cricothyroid muscle? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Superior Laryngeal Nerve The primary muscle of the lips is the ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------- ----Orbicularis oris
laryngeal vestibule from the pharynx and help preserve the airway. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------aryepiglottic folds The cranial nerve that innervates the larynx and also innervates the levator veli palatini, palatoglossus, and palatopharyngeus muscles is --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------vagus nerve Muscles that contribute to velopharyngeal closure through tensing or elevating the velum are the ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- palatoglossus, tensor veli palatini, and levator veli palatini The structure at the inferior portion of the tongue that connects the tongue with the mandible is called the ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- lingual frenum When a person is producing voiced and voiceless /th/, the muscle that is most involved is the ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------genioglossus Which muscles from the list below are the most involved in adducting the vocal folds? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------lateral cricioarytenoids and transverse arytenoids The "typical" speaker of Standard American English would produce the word "emancipation" as ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- /imænsəpeɪʃən/
The /r/ and /l/ sounds may both be categorized as ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------liquids A semivowel that can be categorized as a voiced bilabial glide that is +anterior and +continuant is the: ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- /w/ The term coarticulation refers to: ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- the influence of one phoneme upon another in production and perception, wherein two different articulators move simultaneously to produce two different speech sounds Broad phonemic transcription involves ---------CORRECT ANSWER---------- -------the use of IPA symbols to transcribe phonemes by enclosing them within slash marks (e.g., /f/) If a speaker said, "I just love 'em and leave 'em," the phrase "leave 'em" could be transcribed as ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------/liv m̩ / The two properties of a medium that affect sound transmission are --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------mass and elasticity A sinusoidal wave is a sound wave ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- --that is a result of a simple harmonic motion
Diacritical marks are ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------useful in making narrow phonetic transcription that gives more detailed information on a speaker's phonetic characteristics. The term coda refers to ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------the consonant at the end of the syllable The manner of articulation refers to ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------------- ---the degree of type of constriction of the vocal tract during consonant production During the typical speech production, vowels ---------CORRECT ANSWER-- ---------------may stand alone Compared to unstressed syllables, stressed syllables are typically --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------longer and higher in pitch A child says, "Red crayon." This is an example of which type of semantic relations? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Attribute + entity You have been asked to give a workshop to a group of parents of infants who attend a developmental nursery. The parents are interested in what they can do to communicate more successfully with their infants. Most of the infants are between 1 and 10 months of age. Most of the parents do not have much money or access to toys and objects, but you are told that they do spend plenty of time with their babies. You are asked to speak about what specifically these parents can do to successfully interact with their
infants in daily routines, such as bathing, dressing, and eating. You will tell these parents which of the following? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------ -----Ideally, speak to the baby in utterances (child-directed speech) that are higher pitched and have greater pitch fluctuations than ordinary speech. A child using recurrence would say which of the following? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------"More cookies." An example of a sentence using an embedded form would be which of the following? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The boy who got a haircut looks nice. A mother comes to you, concerned because her son Jake was born prematurely and had to spend the first few months of his life in neonatal ICU. Now Jake is 9 months old, and his mother wants to make sure his language development is "on target for his age." You go to Jake's home to observe him, and you also ask the mother to give you a detailed description of his communication patterns. As you evaluate Jake's language development, you need to remember that one of the following does NOT occur between 8 and 10 months of age in the typically developing child. Which one is it? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Using the phrase "all gone" to express emerging negation You are conducting an assessment with an incoming kindergarten, Jason E., who has difficulty with word endings. Specifically, he tends to omit endings like - est (saying "sad" instead of "saddest"), - ily (saying "angry" instead of "angrily"), etc. He is having difficulty with which specific aspect of language? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Morphology
Which one of the following is NOT a goal of the Common Core State Standards? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------To ensure that all students speak at least two languages so they become more competent global citizens A fourth-grade child, Alex, has been referred to you for language testing by his teacher. His parents are concerned and upset with the teacher because they feel that Alex needs more help in reading and writing skills than he is receiving. They tell you that the math and science homework assignments are too difficult for him, and they feel that the fourth-grade teacher is making unreasonable demands. You find out that Alex did not attend preschool, and even in kindergarten, the teacher wrote on his first-trimester progress report that he "began school not knowing basic concepts; he didn't talk as much as the other children either." You will tell Alex's parents that ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------you would like to conduct an assessment of Alex's language skills in a variety of domains to see whether he needs support services in oral and written language You are asked to assess Tina, who has Down syndrome. She is 4 years 10 months old, and her parents tell you that they wish for her to begin kindergarten in the fall (it is July, and school begins in September). You assess Tina's receptive and expressive language skills and find that she has an average MLU of 3.0 and an expressive vocabulary of 350 words. She sustains a topic of conversation about 20% of the time and overregularizes past-tense inflections. You will tell Tina's parents that ------- --CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Tina's language skills are generally commensurate with those of a 2-to 3-year-old child and starting kindergarten in the fall would probably be difficult for her. You are observing a clinician in a private practice setting. He specializes in child language disorders and serves elementary-age children from a variety of local public schools. When you observe this clinician doing therapy, you see that he has a well-structured reward system for each child. Some children receive a fruit loop for each correct response they make; others
work to earn stickers and even small toys. This clinician has written down each specific behavior that he wishes to elicit from each child, with a percentage of accuracy attached. For example, an objective for one child reads, "When presented with a picture of two or more objects, Jimmy will label the picture using plural - s 80% of the time." This clinician probably subscribes to which theory of child language development? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Behaviorist You are asked to work with a 3 1/2 year old child whose language has been somewhat slow to develop. Matthew is the youngest of 4 children and his parents tell you his older siblings often talk for him. After assessing his language, you find he consistently uses the following morphemes: - ing, in and on, and regular plural - s. Matthew's parents would like to enroll him for therapy because they want him to go to a local preschool and sound like the other kids and have good grammar. Which of the following morphemes would you begin with when he starts therapy? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Irregular past-tense verbs A first-grade teacher refers 6-year-old Mandy to you for an assessment. The teacher is concerned because reportedly Mandy has problems with remembering what she hears. The teacher tells you, "Sometimes I have to give her children three or four directions, and I have to do it quickly because we have to go somewhere, like an assembly. Mandy is the only one in my class who doesn't remember what I tell the kids to do." Based on this brief description, you suspect that Mandy might have difficulties in which of the following areas? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- temporal auditory processing A young child who says "down" when a cup of juice spills off the dinner table is using a relation of ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------locative action
A baby, Jason, is looking at the family cat. His grandma sees him looking at the cat and directs her gaze toward the cat, also. She prepares to comment about the cat. Jason's grandma is ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------
- following Jason's line of regard A clinician is working with parents on home language-stimulation activities for their 3-year-old daughter Hannah, who is language delayed. Among other things, Hannah needs to increase her expressive language skills to a level more commensurate with her chronological age. Her mean length of utterance is restricted and her utterances are more typical of a young 2- year-old child. The clinician has recommended that at home, the parents use a technique in which they play with Hannah and describe and comment upon what she is doing and the objects she is interested in. For example, the parents might say, "You are making the car go fast, " or "That pig is pink." The parents are using the technique of: ---------CORRECT ANSWER- ----------------parallel talk You are seeing a 6-year old child, Tyler, with specific language impairment. When you assess Tyler, you find that he has adequate language comprehension. He is able to follow directions, understand vocabulary, and comprehend sentences of appropriate length and complexity for his age. However, his teacher and parents report that he has "no friends" and that they are concerned about his social skills. When you observe Tyler several times on the school playground, in the classroom, and in the school cafeteria, you see that, while he is well behaved and non disruptive, he does not initiate interactions with others. Treatment should focus on --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------increasing assertiveness in conversation You are seeing a 9-year-old boy, Emile, whose PPVT-4 score is one year above age level. Emile appears to be performing adequately in the classroom. His teacher reports that he is at grade level in most subjects. However, he often interrupts others and irritates his listeners; as a result,
he is avoided by many peers. His mother reports that he is not invited to other children's birthday parties and that he has heard that other mothers view him as rude and disrespectful. Treatment should focus on increasing - --------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------pragmatic skills You are working with an adolescent, Alyssa, who has receptive and expressive language problems. She is getting Ds in most of her classes at the junior high school and has few friends. In therapy, it would be best to target ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------increasing social use of language and collaborating with the classroom teachers A child who shows slow, writhing, involuntary movements has which type of cerebral palsy? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Athetoid Which of the following is not true? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------
- Standardized language tests help sample behaviors adequately, providing multiple contexts for sampling target-language behaviors You are assessing the expressive language skills of a 4-year-old with delayed language. One of the things he says is "My birthday party was fun- we ate cake and cookies!" This would count as ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------words, 11 morphemes You move to a new elementary school and begin seeing children on the caseload. Johnny, a 7-year-old child, is receiving intervention to "increase semantic skills." Five goals are listed on his IEP. Which one of these goals is inappropriate? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Increase use of appropriate discourse skills, turn taking, and conversational repair strategies
clinician needs to make sure that the symbols on Myron's AAC device are - --------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------transparent Justin is a 7-year-old second-grade child who has been diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome. Since he was a toddler, he has language difficulties. He has just transferred to your school district, and speech-language services have been recommended for him. Justin's parents are anxious for him to begin therapy as soon as possible. You read over the file of reports written by personnel from his previous school district and meet with your school's Student Study Team (SST) to discuss Justin and recommend the best possible program for him in your school district, The report from the previous SLP says, among other things, that Justin's language sample showed that he had difficulty with forms, such as - er (e.g., bigger) and - est (e.g., biggest). Problems with these forms reflect poor ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------morphologic skills Because of his diagnosis of Asperger's syndrome, you can assume that Justin will probably have characteristics such as: ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------a seemingly excellent vocabulary; seemingly normal syntactic skills; and speech that often seems to be a "monologue," in which Justin does not allow his conversational partner to take turns. The SST believes that Justin might profit from the SCERTS approach to intervention, which involves ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------an emphasis on the importance of targeting goals in social communication and emotional regulation by implementing transactional supports, such as visual supports, environmental arrangements, and communication-style adjustments. Using Brown's morphemes as a reference, which utterance below represents two morphemes? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Daddy's
A school-based SLP is conducting classroom-based intervention with several students diagnosed with specific language impairment. This means that the SLP is ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------going into the classroom and helping language impaired students, individually or in a small-group format, to achieve classroom curriculum goals In a preschool setting, a typical developing child talks up to a child with SLI and says, "Let's play house. You be the mommy, and I'll be the daddy, and we'll make dinner. Then the grandma will put the baby to bed." The typically developing child is suggesting that they engage in which type of play? ------ ---CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Collaborative play The mother of Danny, a 3-year-old who is speaking very little, has been working with an SLP on some language stimulation techniques to build Danny's expressive language skills. One day when they are driving, Danny points to the sky and says excitedly, "Plane sky!" His mother responds, "Yes, I see that big silver plane flying up in the blue sky! Wow!" She has just used the technique of ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- extension The SLP has noted that when Danny does speak, he appears to have word retrieval difficulties. The SLP decides to target this in therapy. In targeting word retrieval skills, she is working on the area of ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------semantics Jeannette is a 4-year-old girl with specific language impairment. At preschool, the teacher says,"Before you put on your jacket to go outside, be sure to get your snack." Jeannette puts her jacket on first and then tries to get her snack. The teacher becomes angry and believes Jeannette is not
