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A detailed step-by-step explanation of the signal transduction pathway, focusing on the activation of glycogen phosphorylase and the subsequent conversion of glycogen to glucose 1-phosphate. Each step is clearly outlined with the correct answer provided, making it a valuable resource for students studying cell signaling and metabolism.
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step 1: Ligand binds (Reception) - CORRECT ANSWER-ligand binds to the G-protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR). step 2: GPCR is activated (Reception) - CORRECT ANSWER-binding of the ligand (hormone) activates the GPCR. step 3: GPCR binds to G protein (Transduction) - CORRECT ANSWER-active GPCR is able to bind the G-protein step 4: G protein activated (Transduction) - CORRECT ANSWER-G-protein ejects a GDP accepts a GTP G-protein=active step 5: G protein splits (Transduction) - CORRECT ANSWER-G-protein α subunit with GTP disassociates from the β and γ subunits Step 6: Activate Adenylyl cyclase (Transduction) - CORRECT ANSWER-α subunit with GTP goes to adenylyl cyclase and activates it Step 7: ATP to Cyclic AMP (Transduction) - CORRECT ANSWER-active adenylyl cyclase transforms ATP into cAMP
Step 8: Activated Protein Kinase A (Transduction) - CORRECT ANSWER-cAMP activates a protein kinase A (PKA) Step 9: cyclic AMP is deactivated (Transduction) - CORRECT ANSWER-cAMP is inactivated by phosphodiesterases Step 10:PKA phosphorylates (Transduction) - CORRECT ANSWER-The PKA phosphorylates proteins Step 11: Phosphorylase activation (Transduction) - CORRECT ANSWER-PKA phosphorylates phosphorylase kinase and Activates Step 12: glycogen phosphorylase activation (Transduction) - CORRECT ANSWER-Which then activates glycogen phosphorylase Step 13: Glucose (cellular response) - CORRECT ANSWER- Glycogen is converted to Glucose 1 phosphate