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Sheep heart dissection Lab, Lecture notes of Animal Biology

Sheep heart dissection Lab. Purpose of this lab: To review the structural characteristics of the human heart and to examine the major features of a ...

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2021/2022

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Names: _____________________________________________________
Sheep heart dissection Lab
Purpose of this lab: To review the structural characteristics of the human heart and to
examine the major features of a mammalian heart.
Procedure:
***One of you should be the scribe to write answers to the questions A-E and label the
diagram on page 3 as you dissect. You can switch halfway through.
1. Feel the heart. Which is the left side?
It should feel firmer and more muscular
Place the heart in a dissecting tray with its ventral surface up (more rounded side).
Identify the location of the following:
right atrium
right ventricle
left atrium
left ventricle
coronary arteries
A) Why is the right atrium on the left side of the page?
______________________________________________________________________
2. Examine the dorsal surface of the heart. Locate the stumps of two relatively thin-
walled blood vessels that enter the right atrium. Demonstrate this connection by
passing a slender probe through them. The upper vessel is the
superior vena cava
, and
the lower one is the
inferior vena cava
.
B) Where does the superior vena cava connect the heart to? ___________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. Open the
right atrium
. To do this, follow these steps:
a. Insert a blade of the scissors into the
superior vena cava
and cut downward
through the atrial wall.
b. Open the chamber, locate the
tricuspid valve,
between the right atrium and
ventricle and examine its cusps.
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Names: _____________________________________________________

Sheep heart dissection Lab

Purpose of this lab: To review the structural characteristics of the human heart and to examine the major features of a mammalian heart. Procedure: ***One of you should be the scribe to write answers to the questions A-E and label the diagram on page 3 as you dissect. You can switch halfway through.

  1. Feel the heart. Which is the left side?
  • It should feel firmer and more muscular Place the heart in a dissecting tray with its ventral surface up (more rounded side). Identify the location of the following: € right atrium € right ventricle € left atrium € left ventricle € coronary arteries

A) Why is the right atrium on the left side of the page?

______________________________________________________________________

  1. Examine the dorsal surface of the heart. Locate the stumps of two relatively thin- walled blood vessels that enter the right atrium. Demonstrate this connection by passing a slender probe through them. The upper vessel is the superior vena cava, and the lower one is the inferior vena cava.

B) Where does the superior vena cava connect the heart to? ___________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

  1. Open the right atrium. To do this, follow these steps: a. Insert a blade of the scissors into the superior vena cava and cut downward through the atrial wall. b. Open the chamber, locate the tricuspid valve, between the right atrium and ventricle and examine its cusps.

C) Describe what the tricuspid valve looks like:

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

  1. Open the right ventricle as follows: a. Continue cutting downward through the tricuspid valve and the right ventricular wall until you reach the apex of the heart (the lowest point) b. Find the opening to the pulmonary trunk (leading to the pulmonary artery) and use the scissors to cut upward through the wall of the right ventricle. Follow the pulmonary trunk until you have exposed the pulmonary valve. c. Examine the valve and its cusps.

D) Where does the pulmonary artery lead to? _______________________________

__________________________________________________________________

  1. Open the left side of the heart. To do this, follow these steps: a. Insert the blade of the scissors through the wall of the left atrium and cut downward to the apex of the heart. b. Open the left atrium and locate the four openings of the pulmonary veins. Pass a slender probe through each opening and locate the stump of its vessel. c. Examine the bicuspid valve (mitral valve) and its cusps. d. Also examine the left ventricle and compare the thickness of its wall with that of the right ventricle.

E) Describe what the bicuspid valve looks like. How does it compare to the tricuspid

valve?

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

  1. Locate the aorta, which leads away from the left ventricle, and proceed as follows: a. Compare the thickness of the aortic wall with that of the pulmonary trunk. b. Use scissors to cut along the length of the aorta to expose the aortic valve at its base.
  1. What is the purpose of heart valves? ____________________________________________________

  1. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called __________, while __________ carry blood toward the heart.
  2. Which artery is the largest and why? ____________________________________________________

  1. What is the purpose of the coronary artery and what results if there is blockage in this vessel?


  1. Can an artery carry deoxygenated blood? Explain. __________________________________________

  1. Using words or a diagram, trace blood flow through the major blood vessels and heart, starting with deoxygenated blood returned from the body.