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Sheep Heart Dissection, Study notes of Animal Biology

Sheep Heart Dissection. What are the chambers, valves, and blood vessels of the heart? ... Obtain a sheep heart and place the heart in a dissecting tray.

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2021/2022

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Name ____________________________ Date _________________ Period _____ Score out of 10 _____
Corrected by ___________________________
Sheep Heart Dissection
What are the chambers, valves, and blood vessels of the heart?
What path does blood take through the heart?
The heart is a fist-sized muscle located to the left of the center of the chest. The heart contains four
chambers. The upper chambers are called atria. The lower chambers are called ventricles. Between
each chamber, there are valves that prevent the backflow of blood.
Blood is carried away from the heart by blood vessels called arteries and carried back toward the
heart by blood vessels called veins. Arteries and veins are connected by capillaries. Arteries have
muscular, elastic walls to help move the blood through the body. Veins have one-way valves to prevent
the backflow of blood on its return to the heart.
Oxygen-poor blood from cells of the body enters the heart through the right atrium and is pumped
into the right ventricle. The blood then travels into the pulmonary artery, which goes into the lungs.
In the lungs, the blood gives off carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen. The oxygen-rich blood returns to
the heart by way of the pulmonary vein.
The blood enters the left atrium and is pumped into the left ventricle. The blood is pumped out of the
heart through the aorta to cells in the rest of the body.
The muscular wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the wall of the right ventricle because it has to
pump the blood to the entire body. Blood leaving the right ventricle only goes to go to the lungs.
Each time the ventricles contract, blood is forced through the arteries. This force causes a beat, or
pulse, that is felt in arteries at the wrist, neck, and temple. The pulse is exactly the same as the
heartbeat.
In this investigation you will examine the chambers, valves, and blood vessels of the heart. You will also
trace the path of blood through the heart. Use the above information, your PowerPoint notes, and the
textbook to help you answer the questions in this lab.
Materials
sheep heart
dissecting tray
probe
metric ruler
scissors/scalpel
tweezers
Procedure (Day 1) You will not cut the heart open today!
You do NOT need to write in complete sentences.
Identify the right and left sides of the heart
Obtain a sheep heart and place the heart in a dissecting tray. Imagine the heart in the body of a
person facing you. The left side of their heart is on their left, but since you are facing them, it is on
your right. Position your heart in the tray so that it matches the diagram below.
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Name ____________________________ Date _________________ Period _____ Score out of 10 _____

Corrected by ___________________________

Sheep Heart Dissection

What are the chambers, valves, and blood vessels of the heart? What path does blood take through the heart?

The heart is a fist-sized muscle located to the left of the center of the chest. The heart contains four chambers. The upper chambers are called atria. The lower chambers are called ventricles. Between each chamber, there are valves that prevent the backflow of blood.

Blood is carried away from the heart by blood vessels called arteries and carried back toward the heart by blood vessels called veins. Arteries and veins are connected by capillaries. Arteries have muscular, elastic walls to help move the blood through the body. Veins have one-way valves to prevent the backflow of blood on its return to the heart.

Oxygen-poor blood from cells of the body enters the heart through the right atrium and is pumped into the right ventricle. The blood then travels into the pulmonary artery , which goes into the lungs. In the lungs, the blood gives off carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen. The oxygen-rich blood returns to the heart by way of the pulmonary vein.

The blood enters the left atrium and is pumped into the left ventricle. The blood is pumped out of the heart through the aorta to cells in the rest of the body.

The muscular wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the wall of the right ventricle because it has to pump the blood to the entire body. Blood leaving the right ventricle only goes to go to the lungs.

Each time the ventricles contract, blood is forced through the arteries. This force causes a beat, or pulse , that is felt in arteries at the wrist, neck, and temple. The pulse is exactly the same as the heartbeat.

In this investigation you will examine the chambers, valves, and blood vessels of the heart. You will also trace the path of blood through the heart. Use the above information, your PowerPoint notes, and the textbook to help you answer the questions in this lab.

Materials

  • sheep heart
  • dissecting tray
    • probe
    • metric ruler
      • scissors/scalpel
      • tweezers

Procedure (Day 1) You will not cut the heart open today! You do NOT need to write in complete sentences. Identify the right and left sides of the heart Obtain a sheep heart and place the heart in a dissecting tray. Imagine the heart in the body of a person facing you. The left side of their heart is on their left, but since you are facing them, it is on your right. Position your heart in the tray so that it matches the diagram below.

1. Find the apex of the heart. Is this at the top or bottom point of the heart? __________

Only the left ventricle extends or goes all the way to the apex.

2. Measure the length of the heart from top to bottom in cm. ________________

Find the arteries Place the heart in your pan with the apex toward you and the smooth round side facing the ceiling. There will be a groove with a blood vessel in it. This is called the coronary artery. As you are looking at the heart, this blood vessel runs diagonally from the right side of the wide end of the heart to a point above and to the left of the apex. The pulmonary artery should be towards to the top at the wide end of the heart.. The right ventricle now lies to your left and toward the wider end of the heart from the coronary artery. The pulmonary artery to the lungs can be seen curving out of the right ventricle toward the left side of the heart (toward your right). Locate the superior and inferior vena cavas Locate the two large blood vessels that enter the right atrium. These are the superior and inferior vena cavas. You will need to pick up the heart and look at the back side of it to find the vena cavas. Stick your finger into the superior vena cava (or top one) and have it come out of the inferior vena cava (or bottom one). Both vena cavas enter the right atrium.

Review

3. Go back to your pulmonary artery. Look at the back side of the heart and see the pulmonary artery branches into two holes. You may not see this because of the fat on the heart. These blood vessels ( the pulmonary arteries ) leave the right ventricle and lead to the

_________________________. (2 pts.)

4. Below the pulmonary arteries are two larger holes. They may be covered in fat where they would be hard to see. These are the pulmonary veins. What part of the heart do the

pulmonary veins go into? ____________________________(2 pts.)

5. What part of your body is blood coming from to enter the pulmonary veins to go back into your

heart? ____________________________ (2 pts.)

6. Find the aorta. When you’re looking at back of the heart, it is the largest hole just above the pulmonary artery. Stick your pinky finger into the aorta and see how far down it goes. Be careful not to get your finger stuck. What chamber does blood come from to enter the aorta?

_______________ (2 pts.)

STOP FOR TODAY! You should NOT have cut open the heart!

  1. Right Auricle
  2. Right Ventricle
  3. Brachiocephalic Artery (Oxygenated)
  4. Aortic Arch (Oxygenated)
  5. Pulmonary Artery (Deoxygenated)
  6. Left Auricle
  7. Interventricular Sulcus
  8. Left Ventricle

Analysis and Conclusions In the picture below, write where the blood should be blue and where it should be red. Fill this in

using the blanks to the right. All you have to write is red or blue.

17. What chambers of the heart receive blood from the body, ventricles or atria? ___________

18. What chambers of the heart pump blood out of the heart, ventricles or atria? ___________

  1. Which heart chamber has the thickest muscle wall?
  2. Why is it necessary for the chamber in the above question to have a thicker muscle wall?

________________________________________________________

  1. Which blood vessel brings oxygen poor blood to the heart from the rest of the body?

________________________________________________________

  1. Which blood vessel takes blood from the heart and sends it to the lungs?
  2. Which blood vessel takes oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and brings it back to the heart?

________________________________________________________

  1. Which blood vessel sends oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body?

________________________________________________________

25. How do the valves control the flow of blood through the heart? ___________________

____________________________________________________________

7. _____

8. ______

9. _____

10. _____

11. red (muscle)__

12. _____

13. _____

14. _____

15. ____________________
16. ____________________