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Setting-out Works: Marking Building Positions, Size and Shape with Theodolites and Stakes, Exams of Analytical Geometry

The process of setting-out works for various structures such as buildings, culverts, sewers, and bridge piers. The methods involve marking positions, sizes, and shapes accurately using tape, reference stakes, and theodolites. The document also covers transferring reference points on uneven ground and setting out lines and distances for sewers and bridge piers.

What you will learn

  • What is the process of setting out a culvert?
  • What is the process of transferring the center line inside a tunnel?
  • What is the process of setting out a building's position, size, and shape accurately?
  • How are bridge pier positions located?
  • How are reference points transferred on uneven ground?

Typology: Exams

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

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Setting-out Works
Setting-out of a building marking of a
building position, size and shape in terrain.
Vedprakash marlapalle
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Setting-out Works

Setting-out of a building – marking of a

building position, size and shape in terrain.

Vedprakash marlapalle

Setting out of Load bearing Structure

  • In this method , the rectangle ABCD formed by the center lines of the outsides of the walls of buildings is set out accurately with tape.
  • The corner of the building are then located by measuring there distances with reference to these rectangle. As the excavation proceeds ABCD will get disturbed & hence they will no longer available for reference. To over come this difficulty reference stakes 1 to 8 on the prolongation of the sides..
  • In uneven ground the required reference points, may be transferred on the ground by using plumb bob.

Setting out of bridge pier

  • Locating pier position
  • Lay one base line on each bank exactly at right angle to center line AB , extending on either side of the centre line.
  • Measure the accurate length of centre line AB by triangulation.
  • Locate the position of the piers on the centered line a under.
  • Calculate the distance BP1, P1P2,P2A between the abutment and piers.
  • Measure distances B1,B2 equal to BP1 and BP2 respectively on the base line perpendicular at B on either side.
  • Similarly measure distances A2, A1 equal to AP2 and AP1 on the base line perpendicular at A on either side. The interacting line 1-1& 2 - 2 make angle of 45 with base lines on opposite banks and also with the centre line AB
  • The position of pier 1 may be located by simultaneously sighting at the interesting of the two intersecting lines 1- 1
  • Similarly the position of pier 2 may be located by simultaneously sighting at the intersection of the two intersecting lines 2- 2

Transfer of center line inside

tunnel

  • A theodolite is set up on top of the hill at a suitable position to maintain the center line of the shaft.
  • With the help of leveling instrument, the RL of both ends of the shaft are determined. Since the bottom level of the tunnel is already determined, the exact depth of the shaft is calculated with reference to the top RL.
  • Then the excavation of the shaft is started and verticality is maintained by plumb bob suspended from wire. Excavation is continued until the calculated bottom level is reached.
  • the center line inside the tunnel should be maintained by a precise theodolite.

Checking verticality of high rise structures.

  • its very easy. first set the total station, that is, you put on
tripod and level the bubbles. the place you set it should not
be very far from the buildings you are checking for
verticality. switch on the total station. you need not to set
anything. bisect the bottom of one corner of the building
and clamp the alidade of the total station. turn the telescope
upwards as you sight through it. if the cross hairs move
along the edge of the wall all along to top, then the building
is vertical. but there may be small variations which are
negligible e.g deviations to left and right as you go up. but
if there is a constant deviation to one side, then there is a
problem with verticality.