Sequencing Cancer Genomes - Nanotechnology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Nanotechnology

Download Sequencing Cancer Genomes - Nanotechnology - Lecture Slides and more Slides Nanotechnology in PDF only on Docsity!

John A Pack

 Introduction

 DNA Sequencing  Circos Plot  IDH

 Sequencing Genomes

 Examples of Sequenced Cancer Genomes

 Sequencing Disagreements

 Sequencing Proponents

 Small Scale Projects

 Impact

 Conclusions

 Future Research

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v422/n6934/full/nat ure01626.html

 DNA

 Made up of 3 billion chemical building blocks (A, T, C, and G)

 DNA Sequencing

 Process of determining the exact order of the building blocks that make up the DNA of the 24 different human chromosomes  Revealed the estimated 20,000- 25,000 human genes within our DNA as well as the regions controlling them

http://www.scq.ubc.ca/a-monks-flourishing-garden-the- basics-of-molecular-biology-explained/

 Circos is a software

package for visualizing

data and information

 Used for identification

and analysis of

similarities and

differences arising from

comparisons of genomes

Ledford, Heidi. “The Cancer Genome Challenge”.

http://mkweb.bcgsc.c a/circos/

http://mkweb.bcgsc.ca/circos/

 Mutation in the gene IDH1 found in 2006 study of 35 colorectal cancers

 Not expected to be of importance

 Changed only a lowly housekeeping enzyme involved in metabolism

 13,000 other genes sequenced from each of 300 more samples

http://waynesword.palomar.edu/molecu1.htm

 Studies showed the mutation changed the activity of isocirtrate dehydrogenase  Caused a cancer-promoting metabolite to accumulate in cells  Pharmaceutical companies hunting for a drug to stop the process  IDH1 mutation is the inconspicuous needle found in a veritable haystack of cancer-associated mutations thanks to high powered genome sequencing. (^) http://unitedcaremedical.com/services.shtml

 Labs around the world are teaming up to sequence DNA from thousands of tumors as well as healthy cells from the same person

 Nearly 75 cancer genomes have at least begun to be to sequenced and published

 By the end of 2010 researchers expect to have over 100 cancer genomes fully sequenced

http://www.fhcrc.org/science/pacr/inte rnships/index.html

 “The Difficulty is going to be

figuring out hot to use the

information to help people

rather than to just catalogue

lots and lots of mutations.” –

Bert Voglestein, John Hopkins

University

 Clinically tumors can look the

same but most differ

genetically

http://archive.sciencewatch.com/sept- oct2003/sw_sept-oct2003_page1.htm

 Drivers – mutations that

cause and accelerate

cancers

 Passengers – Accidental

by-products and thwarted

DNA-repair mechanisms

 Distinguishing between

the drivers and passengers

is not always trivial

http://www.modified.com/motorsports/ 3scc_subaru_us_rally_team_petter_solberg/ph oto_02.html

 The International Cancer

Genome Consortium Pilot Project  11 Countries to sequence DNA  20 cancer types  500 tumor samples for each

 Cost to sequence each

cancer type = US$ Million

http://www.jonessoda.com/wordpress/?m= 00904

Ledford, Heidi. “The Cancer Genome Challenge”.