Self - Care Theories and Concepts and Middle Range Theory of Self Care, Slides of Nursing

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Self-Care theories and concepts

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Terminology

• Self-care
• Self-care deficits
• Self-management
• Self-care management
• Self-care behaviors
• Self-regulation
• Compliance
• Adherence
• Self-efficacy
• Self-monitoring
• Self-care maintenance

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What is Self-Care?

• The World Health Organization defines self-care as “activities individuals, families, and communities undertake [either separately or in collaboration with professionals] with the intention of enhancing health, preventing disease, limiting illness, and restoring health” (p. 2). World Health Organization. Health education in self-care: Possibilities and limitations. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1983.

More Definitions of Self-Care

• A process in which a lay person acts on his/her own behalf in the promotion of health, disease detection, prevention and treatment (Levin, 1979; 1983)
• An individual’s behavioral response to illness symptoms and basic coping strategies and action to maintain health (Dean et al, 1986)
• A decision-making process; reactive behavioral response to symptoms of illness and everyday health needs (Haug et al,

The changing profile of the patient

• Live longer
• Have more comonbidities
• Try to cope with their illness
• Integrate in dialy life and work
• Organized / Informed
• ’Demand’ for self care / right to self-care

Self-Care and psychology: counselling, beliefs, barriers for self care

Characteristics of Self-Care

• Situation and culture specific
• Involves the capacity to act and make choices
• Influenced by knowledge, skills, values, motivation,

locus of control, self-efficacy, etc.

• Focuses on aspects of health care under an

individual’s control

Gantz, 1990; Hoy et al, 2007

Levels of Theory

• Grand theory
  • Dorothea Orem’s self-care theory
• Middle-range theory
  • Self-care of chronic illness (Riegel, Jaarsma, Strömberg, 2012)
• Situation-specific theory
  • Situation-specific theory of heart failure self-care (Riegel & Dickson,

    Grand theory Middle range theory 

Situation specific theory

Conceptual Framework of Orem’s Theory

Orem’s Self-care Deficit Theory

• The central focus of Orem’s Grand Theory of Nursing
• Explains when nursing is needed
• Describes and explains how people can be helped through nursing
• Results when the self-care agent (patient) can’t meet her/his self-care needs or perform self-care
• Nursing meets these self-care needs through acting for the person, guiding, teaching, supporting, manipulating the environment