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Self-Care theories and concepts
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Terminology
- Self-care
- Self-care deficits
- Self-management
- Self-care management
- Self-care behaviors
- Self-regulation
- Compliance
- Adherence
- Self-efficacy
- Self-monitoring
- Self-care maintenance
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What is Self-Care?
- The World Health Organization defines self-care as “activities individuals, families, and communities undertake [either separately or in collaboration with professionals] with the intention of enhancing health, preventing disease, limiting illness, and restoring health” (p. 2). World Health Organization. Health education in self-care: Possibilities and limitations. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1983.
More Definitions of Self-Care
- A process in which a lay person acts on his/her own behalf in the promotion of health, disease detection, prevention and treatment (Levin, 1979; 1983)
- An individual’s behavioral response to illness symptoms and basic coping strategies and action to maintain health (Dean et al, 1986)
- A decision-making process; reactive behavioral response to symptoms of illness and everyday health needs (Haug et al,
The changing profile of the patient
- Live longer
- Have more comonbidities
- Try to cope with their illness
- Integrate in dialy life and work
- Organized / Informed
- ’Demand’ for self care / right to self-care
Self-Care and psychology: counselling, beliefs, barriers for self care
Characteristics of Self-Care
- Situation and culture specific
- Involves the capacity to act and make choices
- Influenced by knowledge, skills, values, motivation,
locus of control, self-efficacy, etc.
- Focuses on aspects of health care under an
individual’s control
Gantz, 1990; Hoy et al, 2007
Levels of Theory
- Grand theory
- Dorothea Orem’s self-care theory
- Middle-range theory
- Self-care of chronic illness (Riegel, Jaarsma, Strömberg, 2012)
- Situation-specific theory
Situation specific theory
Conceptual Framework of Orem’s Theory
Orem’s Self-care Deficit Theory
- The central focus of Orem’s Grand Theory of Nursing
- Explains when nursing is needed
- Describes and explains how people can be helped through nursing
- Results when the self-care agent (patient) can’t meet her/his self-care needs or perform self-care
- Nursing meets these self-care needs through acting for the person, guiding, teaching, supporting, manipulating the environment