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Self-assembly: definition, driving forces, unique features, as well as advantages
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¾ Self-assembly: definition, driving forces, unique features, as well as advantages
¾ Biological examples of self-assembly
¾ Chemical examples of self-assembly
¾ Nano-/Mesoscale self-assembly (MESA)
¾ Template-assisted self-assembly (TASA)
Definition of Self-Assembly
¾ Self-Assembly (SA) is the spontaneous organization of molecules or objects into well-defined aggregates via noncovalent interactions (or forces)
¾ Building Blocks: molecules and objects
¾ Processing: mix, shake, and form product
Driving Forces: Attractive vs. Repulsive
Atkins & de Paula, Phys. Chem., 7 th^ ed., Freeman, p. 705 (2002)
What Might Self-Assembly Bring to Us?
¾ Simple, parallel, low-cost processing
¾ Small and/or multifuctional structures
¾ Complex structures with fewer defects
¾ Repetitive or reconfigurable structures
Lipid Molecules and Cell Membranes
Stryer, Biochemistry, 3rd^ ed., W. H. Freeman, 1988, p.
Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)
Stryer, Biochemistry, 3rd ed., W. H. Freeman, 1988, p.
How Does TMV Self-Assemble?
Stryer, Biochemistry, 3rd ed., W. H. Freeman, 1988, p.
Self-Assembly via Electrostatic Interactions
Dreja, Kim, Yin & Xia, Journal of Materials Chemistry 2000, 10, 603
Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs)
Bain & Whitesides, Advanced Materials 1989, 4, 506
Alkanethiolate SAMs on Gold Surfaces
Whitesides & Laibinis, Langmuir 1990, 5, 87
Substrate and Ligand Pairs for Forming SAMs
Xia & Whitesides, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 550
Fabrication of Arrayed LEDs by Self-Assembly
Whitesides et al, Science, 2002, 296, 323
Template-Assisted Self-Assembly (TASA)
Yin & Xia, Advaced Materials 2001, 13, 267 Yin, Lu, Gates & Xia, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 8718 Highlighted as the Editors’ Choice, Science, 2001, 293, 1560 Xia, Yin, Lu & McLellan, Advanced Functional Materials 2003, 13, 907
How Does a TASA Process Work?
Examples of Polygonal and Polyhedral Clusters
Templates with Different Cross-Sections
Linear and Zigzag Chains of Polystyrene Beads
Yin, Lu & Xia, Journal of Materials Chemistry 2001, 13, 1146
Control over the Spatial Orientation of Clusters
Assembly of Spherical Colloids into Spiral Chains
Yin & Xia, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 2048
Control over the Exact Optical Handedness
Self-Assembly of 360-nm Silica Beads A
B
C
Lu, Yin & Xia, Advanced Materials 2001, 13, 34
Fabrication of Arrayed Polymer Microlenses
