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The groundwater pollution in the salt lake valley caused by selenium contamination. It presents the major aquifer systems, flow paths of groundwater pollutants, and sources of selenium. Human activities such as irrigation drainage, mining spoils, coal, phosphate, uranium, livestock grazing, erosion, commercial fertilizers, and coal-fired power plant stack emissions are identified as potential sources of selenium inputs. The document also explains the toxic effects of selenium on fish and birds, particularly reproductive impairment, and the ecological risk thresholds for selenium in freshwater, sediment, diet, and avian eggs.
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Activities contributing togroundwater contamination
Aquifers Fig. 7. Block diagram showing major aquifer systems in Salt Lake & Utah Counties
Chloride plumeINEL, Idaho16 years Chromium plumeLong Island, NY13 years
2-Dimensional View (26,000 ft)
Lighter-than-watercontaminants
Dissolvedcontaminants
Direction ofground-water flow
Product flow Å
Dissolvedcontaminants
Source of Product(Density > water)
Source of Product(Density < water)
Product flow
Groundwatercontamination
Contaminant Plume (Se and SO
A Bonanza ofBrine Flies
Selenium istransferred fromadults tooffspring viamaternaldeposition intoeggs
5.00 4.00 3.00g/g DW)μ 2.00Se, (1.00 0.
Brine Shrimp
Sediment
Se in Brine Shrimp & Sediment from
Great Salt Lake (south arm) Se in Brine Shrimp & Sediment from
Great Salt Lake (south arm)A
Bird repro- ductive threshold3-8 ppm DW forfoodsAverage Se inB freshwatersediments:0.2–2.0 ppm N= N=
Great Salt Lake Benthic Food Web
3 Selenium Concentrations 2 1 0 Water^
Periphyton^
Brine FlyLarvae
Brine FlyPupae
Brine FlyAdult
Se (ug / L) or (ug / g) +- s.e.
Bridger BayGilbert South No Biomagnification
Based on San Joaquin Valleyrelationship between Se inbrine shrimp and Se in earedgrebe eggs, the median Secontent of GSL shrimp wouldcorrespond with about 7-8ug/g, dw in eared grebe eggs.The level would be marginallytoxic if grebe embryos are assensitive as mallard embryos,but would be inconsequentialif grebe embryos are astolerant as American avocetembryos.