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Seed Germination and Anatomy of Seeds, Lecture notes of Biology

The anatomy of seeds and the process of seed germination. It explains the difference between albuminous and exalbuminous seeds and the role of endosperm in providing food for the embryo. The document also provides instructions for planting and observing the germination of various seeds such as corn, red beans, and orchids. The text is machine-translated and contains some errors and inconsistencies.

Typology: Lecture notes

2020/2021

Available from 12/16/2022

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Assistance by MAS DLOHAK
Task 2: seed germination (polyembryonic) Citrus(siam) and
mango(arumanis)
1. Papaya seeds 2.
Tomato seeds 3.
Castor seeds 4. Red
bean seeds 5. Corn
seeds 6. Orchid seeds
Today's task: look for it, tomorrow you have to plant it. Just use sand so
it's easy to see the roots. Then observed
cotyledons thicken and store reserve substances for young plant seeds.
Such seeds are called exalbuminous seeds. In other plants, such as Ricinus
and Gramineae, the endosperm tissue is still present when the seed
germinates. Seeds that have food reserves in the form of endosperm or
perisperm are called albuminous seeds .
That integument will become the seed coat. Seen in corn kernels. Actually,
corn is a kareopsis fruit. Because the pericarp or skin of the fruit is thin and
attached to the seed coat. Seeds (albuminous) generally consist of seed
coat, embryo, endosperm. Seeds (albuminous) are seeds which when ripe
have food reserves in the form of endosperm or perisperm. In red beans
there are cotyledons and
Seed: a zygote is a means of sexual reproduction. If vegetative is reproduction
without fertilization. Seeds develop from fertilized ovules (ovules). Inside the
ovule there is an embryo sac with an ovum which, if it has been fertilized,
will develop an embryo. So the fertilized ovum becomes a zygote, the zygote
becomes an embryo. then the other is the polar body or biological nucleus
of the secondary institution which is fertilized by sperm to become the
endosperm. Endosperm is the storage tissue in seeds that provides food for
embryos and young plant seeds. In certain plants, for example Pisum,
Phaseolus, Glycine and Arachis, the entire endosperm tissue is digested by
the developing embryo. In general, in the seeds of such plants,
The ovum is a structure consisting of integument and covering the nucellus
and the embryo sac which is connected to the mother through the funiculus
(talipusar) which is attached to the placenta.
next 3 weeks
Task 3 : Corn & red bean sprouts
If the nucellus which has an embryo sac after fertilization there is a nucellus
which is still there, it is completely lost because it feeds for the development
of the embryo sac. If so, the part of the embryo sac or the one with the
nucellus will grow and develop attached to the integument.
Soak overnight so it's easy to open the skin. Plant
from now on corn & red beans For germination: corn
and red beans Plant 1 1 1 1 every day until day 14.
Remove the 14th day and then sort and construct.
Machine Translated by Google
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Assistance by MAS DLOHAK

  • Task 2: seed germination (polyembryonic) Citrus(siam) and mango(arumanis)
  1. Papaya seeds 2. Tomato seeds 3. Castor seeds 4. Red bean seeds 5. Corn seeds 6. Orchid seeds
  • Today's task: look for it, tomorrow you have to plant it. Just use sand so it's easy to see the roots. Then observed cotyledons thicken and store reserve substances for young plant seeds. Such seeds are called exalbuminous seeds. In other plants, such as Ricinus and Gramineae, the endosperm tissue is still present when the seed germinates. Seeds that have food reserves in the form of endosperm or perisperm are called albuminous seeds. That integument will become the seed coat. Seen in corn kernels. Actually, corn is a kareopsis fruit. Because the pericarp or skin of the fruit is thin and attached to the seed coat. Seeds (albuminous) generally consist of seed coat, embryo, endosperm. Seeds (albuminous) are seeds which when ripe have food reserves in the form of endosperm or perisperm. In red beans there are cotyledons and Seed: a zygote is a means of sexual reproduction. If vegetative is reproduction without fertilization. Seeds develop from fertilized ovules (ovules). Inside the ovule there is an embryo sac with an ovum which, if it has been fertilized, will develop an embryo. So the fertilized ovum becomes a zygote, the zygote becomes an embryo. then the other is the polar body or biological nucleus of the secondary institution which is fertilized by sperm to become the endosperm. Endosperm is the storage tissue in seeds that provides food for embryos and young plant seeds. In certain plants, for example Pisum, Phaseolus, Glycine and Arachis, the entire endosperm tissue is digested by the developing embryo. In general, in the seeds of such plants, The ovum is a structure consisting of integument and covering the nucellus and the embryo sac which is connected to the mother through the funiculus (talipusar) which is attached to the placenta. next 3 weeks
  • Task 3 : Corn & red bean sprouts If the nucellus which has an embryo sac after fertilization there is a nucellus which is still there, it is completely lost because it feeds for the development of the embryo sac. If so, the part of the embryo sac or the one with the nucellus will grow and develop attached to the integument.
  • Soak overnight so it's easy to open the skin. • Plant from now on corn & red beans • For germination: corn and red beans • Plant 1 1 1 1 every day until day 14. Remove the 14th day and then sort and construct.

Em: the embryo consists of several parts. If given oidin it turns black like the picture Endoperm yellow Al : aleuron HI : Hilum, where the micropyle is attached embryo axis. Soybean seeds including esalbuminous do not have endosperm. SC: scuitelum CA: Carancula Spotted brown batik tototl: the outermost seed coat. If you open the hard seed coat, you can see the endosperm. The embryo is in the center as seen in photo D. On the outside there is a fused pericarp and seed coat