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SDI Chapter two- Physics and Physiology Questions
Typology: Exams
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Describe the symptoms of DCS, including mild to severe signs and symptoms. - ANSWER-Minor Signs: A rash/ crackling skin and joint pain are the most common signs. Major Signs: Difficulty breathing, dry cough, dizziness, numbness, tingling, paralysis, temporary blindness, unconsciousness, permanent disability, or death. How many more times dense is the air in a balloon at 4 atm/bar compared to the air density at the surface? - ANSWER-The air in the balloon will be 4x denser. How often should a scuba diver equalize during a descent? - ANSWER-Divers need to equalize at the surface before beginning the descent, and every couple of feet during the descent. If a scuba cylinder lasts two hours at sea level, how long will it last at 20 meters ( feet)? - ANSWER-The cylinder will last 20 minutes. List at least five factors that can predispose a diver to decompression sickness. - ANSWER-Repetitive dives, obesity, age, prior illness, and injuries (past or present) List two possible ways a diver may feel if they become "narked" at depth. - ANSWER- The two symptoms are extreme euphoria and extreme anxiety. What is a reverse block? - ANSWER-A reverse block is when air cannot escape freely from the air space. It can cause pain or discomfort in the ears or sinuses. What is the absolute pressure (in atmospheres/bars) at 20 meters (66 feet)? - ANSWER-20 meters (66 feet) equals 3 atm/bars What is the depth threshold where most scuba divers generally begin to be affected by nitrogen narcosis? - ANSWER-The threshold is 30 meters (100 feet). What is the most important rule in scuba diving? - ANSWER-The most important rule in scuba diving is to breath continuously and to avoid holding your breath. What is the most serious injury that a diver could suffer from if they hold their breath upon ascending? - ANSWER-Ruptured lungs What may indicate that the air in a scuba cylinder is harmful to consume? - ANSWER-If the smell or taste of the air if off.
What medical problem can occur if a diver ascends much too rapidly for nitrogen to be slowly released? - ANSWER-The bends or decompression sickness What should a diver do to alleviate the symptoms of nitrogen narcosis? - ANSWER- Ascend normally until you no longer feel the effects of being "narked". What should you do if you experience a reverse block upon ascending? - ANSWER-To fix a reverse block you need to stop your ascent and descend a couple of feet and then try to equalize. What should you do if you experience discomfort in your ears upon descending? - ANSWER-The first thing you need to do is try and equalize and see if you are having a problem. If you are in fact having a problem, the next step is to stop your descent and go up a couple of feet and then try to equalize. What should you do if you suddenly feel sick and develop a headache during a scuba dive? - ANSWER-If you feel sick before the dive, then don't make the dive, if you feel sick while you are diving then abort the dive safely. What will be the volume in a ball that is filled with two-cubic-feet/liters of air at 30 meters (99 feet) when it is taken to the surface? - ANSWER-The ball's size will decrease by 1/2. Which gas causes extreme headaches and nausea, and in high enough concentrations causes unconsciousness and the lips and fingernail beds to turn bright red? - ANSWER-Carbon monoxide Which gas component in the air causes decompression sickness and narcosis? - ANSWER-Nitrogen