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A research paper that proposes a dual-beam wearable antenna based on amc-fss technology for circular polarization conversion at 5.8 ghz in underground communications. The antenna design consists of three substrate components: an anisotropic amc structure, a planar monopole antenna, and a polarizer-based fss superstrate. The simulations show that the proposed antenna achieves a good impedance match, high gain, and high front to back ratio, making it a reliable solution for wireless communication in complex underground environments.
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amine.habani@uqat.ca^ Val d’Or, Canada, mourad.nedil@uqat.ca
denidni@emt.inrs.ca
larbi.talbi@uqo.ca
based on AMC^ Abstract —This-FSS technology^ paper presents a d with a transmission type polarizer toual-beam wearable antenna convert linear to circular polarization composed of 3 layers, an AMC substrate, a planar monopole and a at 5.8 GHz. The design is tilted 45 dB of axial ratio purity polarization and a valuable gain of 7° cross-slots FSS superstrate. The structure provides a 1.69.32 dBi at the ISM band. The antenna a good candidate dual beam radiation patt for Off-Body ern makes theunderground communications. superstrate^ Keywords; circular polarization—Wearable antenna;^ AMC substrate;^ polarizer;^ FSS In the last decade, W^ I.^ ireless Body Area Network (WBAN)INTRODUCTION has received an increased attention in underground mine application to improve the safety of the miners [1 – 2]. In fact, the miner’ss g dangerous gases rate and vital body parametersarment is fully equipped with several sensors which are then collecting transmitted for this purpose, since they are known to be to a command station [3]. Off-Body antennas are in a compact size, used light we Highight, low profile and low cost two dimensional grating .surfaces impedance have emerged as a new technology for developing Off [4]. These periodic structures act as Perfect Magnetic C-Body antennasonductors (PMC) a high front to back ratio (FBR) and immunity toward t within a specific frequency range. These surfaceshe human achieve body tissue. However, Off-Body linear polarization antennas can no longer be use is dynamically chd for applications where the polarizanging due to miners movements. Thus,ation tilt is unknown or circular polarization multipath, atmospheric absorptions, is required in these cases reflections, for its susceptibility to and hazardous conditions in underground mines consist of converting an antenna array radiating [5]. The approaches linearly polarized adopted into a CP wave with by phase shifting one component of the linear electric a polarizer positioned in front of the antenna field by (90º). realized in differ The polarizer used toent ways such as: perform D (^) ielectric, gridthis conversion can-plate and be meander Selective Surfaces-line polarizers [6 are a viable solution for generating CP wave - 7 ]. Superstrates, such as Frequencys for its low profile and ease fabrication [8].
polarizer^ This paper pr-based FSSoposes a quarter^ combination of-wave cross-slots^ AMC in the OFFstructure-^ Bodywith antenna in order to have the both performances (Higher FBR and CP polarization with higher gain).
Fig 1. L are topography(Gx=Gy=63,Lc=13.5,Wc=1,g=0.5, in mm) a. AMC structure, b. planar monopole, c.ayout of the proposed AMC-FSS based polarizerGa=6,Ax= 38 antenna (^) ,Ay=30Polarizer.(all dimensions,gnd=11.5msl, d. antenna =10,msw=0. 508,hp=1.905 (^96) ,d1=,ml= 323 ,d2=,mw=23,e=3.5, 20 ,𝜀𝑟=12.96 Wp=45(F/m) ,Lp= 48 ,bx=12,by=3,h1=3. 175 ,h2=0. The proposed II.antenna^ ANTENNA is composed^ DESIGN of three substrates components separated by a foam spacer as follows: First, an anisotropic AMC structure (dielectric TMM4), having a 3x3 Four- arm square spiral array with the bottom layer as illustrated in Fig. metallic sheet backing 1 (a). Second, as proposed in is placed on [9] on the middle layer as denoted in Fig, a planar monopole antenna fed by a microstrip line is located 1.(b). Third, a polarizer 978-1-5386-7102-3/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE 2031 AP-S 2018
based wave cross-FSS superstrate-slots placed on the upper layer (dielectric TMM13i and tilted) with 3x3by 45° quarter along- x y plane, is 3. 175 mm, while the middle as shown in Fig. 1 (c). The thic and upperkness of the bottom layer layer are 0. 508 mm and 1.905 anisotropic AMC structure and the foam spacer thickness mm respectively. The dimensions of the finite sizedwere then adjusted to provide 0° reflection phase, when the monopole is placed close to the AMC. This prevents destructive interferences and allows an excellent impedance matching, high gain and high front to back ratio [9]. The polarizer based-FSS superstrate of thickness the monopole as shown ℎ𝑝 and permittivity in Fig. 1 (d). The dist 𝜀𝑝 is placed at a distanceance and the quarter 𝑑 2 over- wave maximum gain and enhance cross-slots dimensions circular polari cells were (^) zation purity by phaseoptimized to reach shifting 90° the orthogonal components of the incident linear wave. A conventional circular polarization patch [ 10 ] is used to compar in free space ande the achieved characteristics. 25 mm away from a chest’s human tissue model. The two antennas are placed The human tissue model is already available on CST Microwave Studio library. The simulations were performed using CST microwave studio.^ III. RESULTS^ AND^ DISCUSSION Fig. 3 illustrates the return loss plot of the new designed antenna and the conventional CP patch in free space and on the human tissue model. impedance ma (^) tchAt when placed on the human body model showingthe WBAN band, the CP patch has a poor a S11 of because of the lossy human tissue character - 9 dB. A frequency shift of 54 MHz isistics. The proposed also noticed antenna, in contrast, exhibits a good impedance match in both scenarios. The bandwidth is from 5.73 GHz to 5.85 GHz which is wide enough to cover the W Fig. 4 indicates that the proposed antennaBAN band. in the phantom model maintains a robust similarly than in free space situation for a value of axial ratio bandwidth (less than 3 1.69 dB at 5.8 dB) GHz is lost for an a. For the conventional CP patch, the circular polarization statexial ratio of 26.7 dB at 5.8 GHz. The AMC structure forms a good electromagnetic shield the human body. A gain of 7.32 dBi is obtai providingned immunity at the desired toward frequency band of found in comparison with the 5.8 GHz. An improvement of 2.06 conventional CP patch antenna. dBi was The antenna Dual dealing with - Beam establisdense and complexhes a reliable wireless link when environments containing extremely underground mines rough surfaces[11], as shown in Fig.5 and multiple. (^) It is also found thatobstacles in the the proposed design attains Hence, a good isolation from the body an acceptable FBR of is achieved. 20.42 dBi.
The proposed AMC-FSS based polarizer antenna^ IV. CONCLUSION for wearable applications conventional hascircular demonstrated polarization better patch. performances Indeed, the than design the provides necessary isolation from the human body a good impedance and axial ratio bandwidths is achieved with a higher and a gain for underground communications. REFERENCES [1] (^) antenna based on combination AMCA. Habani, M. Nedil, M. Elazhari, and F. Ghanem, "High gain off body-FSS structure for underground mining [2] communications," in 2016 IEEE (APSURSI), 2016, pp. 267A. Habani, M. Nedil, T. A. Denidni and L. Talbi, "High gain enhancement-268. off International-body antenna for underground mining communications," APS & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting 2017 IEEE, San [3] M. E. Azhari, M. Nedil, Y. S. Alj, I. B. Mabrouk, K. Ghanem, and L. Talbi,^ Diego, CA, USA, 2017, pp. 2167-^2168. "Off in 2015 (ICEIT), 2015, pp. 114-body LOS and NLOS channel characterization in a mine environment,"-118. [4] O. inverted Pradhan, K. Newman, and F. Barnes, "Parametric analysis of meandered-F antenna and use of a High impedance surface based ground plane for WBAN applications," in 2013 IEEE International Conference on Body Sensor Networks, 2013, pp. 1-7. [5] I. Soha polarizationil, Y. Ranga, K. P. Esselle and S. G. Hay, "A linear to circular converter based on Jerusalem-Cross frequency selective [6] M. Euler and V. Fusco, “Sub^ surface,"^ 2013 7th (EuCAP), Gothenburg, 2013, pp. 2141-millmeter wave linear to circu-2143.lar polariser [7] M. Mazur, and W. Zieniutycz, “Multilayer meander line polarizer for Ku^ converter”, Antennas and Propa. conf., pp. 77-80, March 2008. band”, Int’l conf on microw. radar and wireless communications, pp. 78 2000 - 81, [8] G. I. Kiani and V. Dy selective surfaces”, Micow. conf. (EuMC), pp. 1361adyuk, “Qurter-wave polariser based on frequency-1364, Sept 2010 [9] Z. H. Jiang and D. H. Werner, "Robust low wearable antennas for off-body communications," in The 8th Europea-profile metasurface-enabledn [10] Conference on Antennas and PropagatioS. Shaik et all, "High gain stacked patch antenna with circular polarizationn (EuCAP 2014), 2014. [11] for wireless applications,"M. Ghaddar, M. Nedil, I. Ben Mabrouk and L. Talbi, "Multiple^ 2017 (ICNETS2) , Chennai, 2017, pp. 322-^326 - input. multiple underground mine," in-output beam- space IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation for high-speed wireless communication, vol. 10, in no. 1, pp. 8-15, 1 9 2016.
Fig. 4 phanto Axial Ratiom of the proposed antenna and CP patch in free space and on
Fig. 5 Radiation pattern of the proposed antenna in the mine
Fig. 3 Return loss phantom plot of the proposed antenna and CP patch in free space and on 2032