Download SCRUM Master PSM 1 Certification Exams Prep 2025-2026 Guide and more Exams Sociology of Education in PDF only on Docsity!
- Scrum is a not a methodology: Scrum is a framework not a method- ology
- Explain the classical waterfall approach to structure development : Predic- tive life cycles (traditional) run the development process one after another sequen- tially and the working product is made available to the customer at the end
The waterfall process is as follows:
Specification ¤ Design ¤ Build ¤ Integrate ¤ Test ¤ Release ¢ Working Product
- Which of the following would be considered the agile manifesto of values? (choose all that apply) a) Responding to change b) Processes and tools c) Working products/services d) Contract negotiation e) Customer collaboration f) Complaints of documentation : a), c) and e) are correct.
a) Responding to change c) Working products/services e) Customer collaboration Also individuals and interactions
While there is value to processes and tools, comprehensive documentation, contract negotiation, following the plan, the above items are valued more
- List the Four Values of the Agile Manifesto: WICR ¤Working Products/Services versus comprehensive documentation ¤Individuals and Interactions over processes and tools ¤Customer Collaboration over contract negotiation ¤Responding to Change over following a plan
- Explain the three empirical pillars/processes of scrum: TIA ¤Transparency - The process and work must be visible to all performing in the team ¤Inspection - Confirms the expected outcomes are achievable ¤Adaption - The process makes adjustments to correct itself deviations from the process
- List the Scrum roles: ¤ Product Owner liaises between customers and developers -Creates the product backlog. ¤Scrum Master - is a coach and enables team to not deviate from the principles of
the framework ¤Developers build the said product or service and have expertise in the area
- List all of the scrum activities/events: ¤ Sprint-Each scrum project is a set of sprints which is a container for the rest of the following events. ¢Sprint Planning- first event inside a sprint. 8hours ¢Daily Scrum-Developers start working on the objectives of the sprint as soon as sprint planning is completed. 15 mins ¢Sprint Review-Before the end of the sprint, the scrum team present (demonstrate) the outcome of sprint to customer. 4 hours ¢Sprint Retrospective-After the sprint review (before the sprint is over) developers hold internal meeting to review. 3hours
- List the five core values of scrum: FOCCR ¤Focus - Everyone focuses on the work of the sprint and goals of the scrum team ¤Openness - Scrum team & stakeholders agree to open about all work and the challenges performing the work ¤Courage - The scrum team members have courage to do the right thing and work on tough problems ¤Commitment -People personally commit to achieving the goals of scrum team, and team makes a commitment to each scrum artefact ¤Respect - Scrum team members respect each other to be capable, independent people
- List three scrum artefacts: ¤ Product Backlog - Contains the list of items (user stories) ¤Sprint Backlog - Contains the list of items to work on during the current Sprint ¤Increment - Potentially Shippable Product
- Which are true? (choose all that apply) a) Scrum based development implies an organisation is agile b) The greatest gains from adopting scrum is when a small organisation adopt agile principles c) Scrum based development does not imply an organisation is agile d) The greatest gains from adopting scrum as when the larger organisations adopt agile principles e) None of the above: c) and d) are correct.
c) Scrum based development does not imply an organisation is agile
d) The greatest gains from adopting scrum as when the larger organisations adopt
- What's the time box for a daily scrum meeting over a four-week sprint?: Fif- teen minutes-it doesn't matter. In this instance it doesn't matter how long the sprint
- What is the time box for a sprint review for a four-week sprint: Four hours
- What's the time box for a sprint retroperspective for a four-week sprint?- : Three hours
- Who is responsible for ordering (prioritising) the items within the product backlog and who is responsible for estimating new items (User Stories)?: - Product owner is responsible for ordering the items and the developers are respon- sible for estimating those items
- Which are true? Estimating the items on the product backlog is capped at what percentage of the developers time. (choose all that apply) a) 5% b) 10% c) 20% d) None of the answers are correct: d) is correct.
The estimation of time of items in the product backlog to be processed by the developers has no time cap.
- An is a potentially releasable aggregation of all the previous sprints.: An increment is a potentially releasable aggregation of all the previous sprints.
- What is the name given to the sum of all product backlog items completed so far in the project?: This is called an increment.
An increment is a potentially releasable aggregation of all the previous sprints.
- Sprint is a time boxed event which means we should leave its duration open to change frequently when when decided by the scrum team. a) True b) False: b) is correct - false
Sprint is a time boxed event which means we should fix its duration at the beginning of the project and not to change it frequently or occasionally.
Sprints are usually fixed for one month or less.
- We do not change the items of the Sprint backlog after the sprint has started and the plans are set a) True
b) False: a) is correct.
We do not change the items of the Sprint backlog after the Sprint is started and the plans are set.
- Each in the product backlog must be developed within a single sprint.: Each item (user story) in the product backlog must be developed within a single sprint.
- It is important to agree on a definition of done at the beginning of the project by the product owner and the project manager. a) True b) False: b) is correct.
It is important to agree on a definition of done at the beginning of the project between the product owner and the developers. There is no project manager in the scrum team as it is autonomous.
- What is an increment?: An increment of the sum of all completed items during a sprint and all previous sprints.
An increment is essentially a tangible product/service completed and that can be releasable if decided.
- Who has the authority to cancel a sprint and for what reason: The product owner has the authority to cancel a sprint when the sprint goal becomes obsolete due to changes in the company/customer strategies approach et cetera.
- When can a sprint be cancelled?: When the sprint goal becomes obsolete due to changes in the company/cost strategies.
A sprint goal is a concise objective that guides the scrum team during the sprint.
It is a statement that describes the purpose or outcome that the team aims to achieve by the end of the sprint
- What is a sprint goal: A sprint goal is a concise objective or target that guides the work of the scrum team during the sprint which is time boxed in scrum.
It is a statement that describes the purpose or outcome that the team aims to achieve by the end of the sprint
- What happens when a sprint is cancelled: The items that are done will be reviewed and may be accepted and the rest of the items (not started or partly completed) will be put back into the product backlog to be completed later
- The ranks and orders the product backlog based on the value of the items: The product owner ranks and orders the product backlog based on the value of the items (stories)
- The ensures that items are easy to understand: The product owner ensures that items (stories) are easy to understand
- The select an appropriate number of items (stories) from the top of the product backlog and add them to the Sprint backlog in the current sprint: The developers select an appropriate number of items from the top of the product backlog and add them to the Sprint backlog in the current sprint
- in collaboration with the break down the sprint plan items and add additional tasks that may help them track how they will get the work done: Developers in collaboration with the product owner break down the sprint plan items and add additional tasks that may help them track how they will get the work done.
- This is a growing database that reflects notes, code or anything that can help the developers get the sprint work completed with the definition of done.: This Sprint Plan is a growing database that reflects notes, code or anything that can help the developers get the sprint work completed with the definition of done
- The are accountable for getting the sprint work completed and passing the definition of done. They alone can choose how to ensure that this is the case.: The developers are accountable for getting the sprint work completed and passing the definition of done. They alone can choose how to ensure that this is the case.
- During the , developers inspect progress towards the sprint goal and adapt the Sprint backlog as necessary, adjusting the upcoming planned work.: During the daily scrum, developers inspect progress towards the sprint goal and adapt the Sprint backlog as necessary, adjusting the upcoming planned work.
The daily scrum is normally 15 minute meeting to inspect the work since the last meeting and synchronise their work and plan.
- Which of the following are false in regards to the daily scrum? (choose all that apply) a) The developers should assess progress towards the sprint goal and fore- cast their progress towards such. b) The daily scrum meeting should be held at the same time and place through- out the sprint, to minimise the complexity. It is just for developers it is not a status meeting and the scrum master may attend if asked. c) It is not a good idea for a sprint board to be visible during the daily scrum meeting
d) None of the answers are correct : c) is correct.
It is a good idea for a sprint board (wallchart) to be visible during the daily scrum meeting e.g. show burn down chart, tracking their remaining work.
- Which are true about the sprint review? (choose all that apply) a) Time box is four hours for four weeks sprint and proportionally shorter if appropriate b) Only the scrum team are present and inspect the down items (the incre- ment) and adapt the product backlog by marking off the Done item is as as complete c) the presentation of the increment in this meeting is intended to collect feedback and raise issues that may impact future spring plans. d) None of the answers are correct: a) and c) are correct.
b) is incorrect
The scrum team and stakeholders are present
- Which are false in relation to the sprint retrospective? (choose all that apply) a) Time box is four hours for a four weeks sprint or proportionally shorter b) After the sprint review and just before the end of the sprint, this meeting is held to look at improving the scrum efficiency (learning lessons). It is called the sprint retrospective. c) There is a rule: we should always look for ways to improve. It does not matter how little the improvement it is, there should be an improvement. d) None of the answers are correct: a) is incorrect.
Time box is three hours for four weeks sprint.
b) and c) are correct:
b) After the sprint review and just before the end of the sprint, the Sprint Retrospec- tive meeting is held to look at improving the scrum efficiency (learning lessons).
c) There is a rule: we should always look for ways to improve. It does not matter how little the improvement it is, there should be an improvement.
- Which are false? (choose all that apply) a) The term scrum team refers to the following: product owner, scrum master, developers and stakeholders b) The scrum master is the scrum expert who helps the team apply scrum correctly both for the scrum team and the organisation c) The developers must contain the experience necessary to develop a user story to a completeness that matches what they told the product owner will be done for every product backlog item d) None of the answers are correct: a) is false.
The term scrum team refers to the following product owner, scrum master, develop- ers and NOT stakeholders
B and C are correct
- List the two essential characteristics of the scrum team: Cross Functional: scrum team has all the expertise and competencies needed to get the job done without any help from outside the team
Self Managed: scrum team manages its own efforts rather than being managed and directed by others.
There is no project manager!
- Which are false in relation to the product owner? (choose all that apply) a) They are a business valued focused person aimed at maximising the value of the product and the work of the developers. b) This role belongs to one person, there can be a committee to handle the responsibilities of this role but in such a case should be one person representing this committee. c) They require application technical knowledge of the project and are also focused on the business aspect. d) None of the answers are correct: C is false
Product owners do not require application technical knowledge of the project and are also focused on the business aspect.
A and B are true
a) The product owner are a business valued focused person aimed at maximising the value of the product and the work of the developers.
b) The product owner role belongs to one person, there can be a committee to handle the responsibilities of this role but in such a case should be one person representing this committee.
- The product owner and developers create the product goal. True or false- : False
The product owner create the product goal which is a commitment that represents the product backlog.
The product goal is the desired outcome or value that the product aims to achieve for the stakeholders. The product goal provides a clear direction for the Scrum Team.
- The product owner are the liaison to both stakeholders and customers. True or false: True
The product owner are the liaison to both stakeholders (which includes the scrum team) and customers.
- Which are true? (choose all that apply) a) Product Owners do not need to understand the business domain to be product owners. b) The product owners decisions may be countermanded by other stakehold- ers outside of the scrum team c) a product owner may delegate some of the responsibilities (such as prepar- ing a list of items for the backlog) to the developers d) None of the answers are correct: c) is correct.
A product owner may delegate some of the responsibilities (such as preparing a list of items for the backlog) to the developers
A and B are incorrect
Product owners understand the business so they can order each product backlog item
The entire organisation must respect the product owner decisions
Remember the who what why?
- List at least three attributes of a user story: INVEST Independent-this means that we should avoid dependencies between user stories as much as possible. Negotiable-stories are not fixed descriptions of functionalities Valuable-stories have to be valued by users of the software or the product owner. Estimable in most cases a user stories not estimable when it is too big, not described well, developers have not managed to do it. Small the proper size of the user storiy is based on the team, its knowledge, technologies prototype Testable stories should be defined as testable part of a working system
- The scrum master serves the scrum team in several ways which would include: Which are false? (choose all that apply) a) Coaching the team members in understanding the problem domain b) helping the scrum team focus on creating high-value increments that meet the definition of done c) Causing the removal of impediments to the scrum teams progress d) Ensuring that all scrum events take place and are positive, productive and keep within the time blocks. e) None of the answers are correct: a) is false.
The following are true:
Scrum master serves the scrum team which would include:
¤Helping the scrum team focus on creating high-value increments that meet the definition of done.
¤Causing the removal of impediments to the scrum teams progress.
¤Ensuring that all scrum events take place and are positive, productive and keep within the time blocks.
- Which are false? The scrum master serves the product owner in several ways, including: (choose all that apply) a) Helping find techniques for effective product goal definition and product
backlog. b) Planning and advising scrum implementations within the scrum team and with all stakeholders c) Helping establish empirical product planning for complex environment. d) Facilitating stakeholder collaboration as requested or needed. e) None of the answers are correct: b) is false
The scrum Master serves the product owner by planning and advising scrum implementations within the organisation and not externally with customers (another stakeholder).
- Which are true? The scrum master serve the organisation in several ways which would in- clude: (choose all that apply) a) Leading, training, and coaching the organisation in its scrum adoption b) Planning and advising scrum implementations within the organisation c) Helping employees and internal stakeholders understand and enact an empirical approach for complex work d) Removing barriers between stakeholders and the product owner e) None of the answers are correct: A, B and C are correct.
d) is incorrect.
The scrum master serve the organisation in removing barriers between stakeholders and the scrum team
- A scrum master cannot be a developer at the same time. True or false: - False: A scrum master can act also as a developer although it is not recommended.
- The scrum master can be assigned to more than one scrum project. True or false: True: Being a scrum master of the project might not occupy 100% of the time so therefore the scrum master can be assigned to more than one project.
- are the people in the scrum team that are committed to creating any aspect of usable increment within each sprint: Developers are the people in the scrum team that are committed to creating any aspect of usable increment (releasable product) within each sprint.
- The specific skills needed by developers are narrow and specialised. True or false: False: The specific skills needed by developers are often broad and will vary within the domain of work
- Which are true? Developers are always accountable for:
All developers should have the same role and the same title "developers"
Scrum is completely dependent on collaboration and teamwork
- It is acceptable to assign traditional project management accountabilities to which of the following (choose all that apply) a) Scrum Master b) Product Owner c) Senior Developers d) None of the answers are correct: d) is correct.
There are no project managers in the scrum team.
The project management responsibilities are distributed among the three roles of scrum and there is no centralised project management
- Name the two essential characteristics of developers: ¤ Self Managing: they manage their own accountability. ¤Cross Functional: They have all expertise and competencies needed to get the job done without any help from outside the team
- The provides a concise description of the goals of the project, helping the team stay focused on what is important from the organisational point of view: The vision statement provides a concise description of the goals of the project, helping the team stay focused on what is important from the organisa- tional point of view
- The provides an initial visual timeline of major product features to be delivered and is normally created by the product owner: The product roadmap provides an initial visual timeline of major product features to be delivered and is normally created by the product owner
- What's the difference between the product goal and the sprint goal: Product Goal is a high-level objective or outcome that the Scrum Team intends to achieve with the product being developed. It is located in the product backlog
Sprint Goal is a concise statement that describes the objective or outcome that the Scrum Team aims to achieve during a Sprint.
The Sprint Goal is determined during the Sprint Planning meeting and is located in the Sprint backlog.
- Which are true? An increment is defined as
(choose all that apply) a) The set of all the product backlog items completed so far in the current sprint. b) The set of all the Sprint backlog items completed so far in the current project c) The set of all product backlog items completed so far in the project d) None of the answers are correct: A) is correct.
An increment is the set of all the product backlog items completed so far up to the end of the given sprint. An increment is a tangible aspect of the product/service which can be released if decided upon.
- The product backlog is an ordered list of everything that might be needed in the product or service. Product backlog items are typically described in simple non-technical business language. True or false: True
The product backlog is an ordered list of everything that might be needed in the product or service. Product backlog items are typically described in simple non-technical business language.
- Product backlog items are typically described in technical requirements business language. True or false: False
Product backlog items are typically described in simple, non-technical business language.
- Name two software applications that can help visualise and organise scrum artefacts: Scrum Artefacts: Product backlog, Sprint backlog, Increment is usually organised with software like JIRA or more simple projects, Trello
- How long does a scrum last?: The scrum is ongoing for the duration of the products existence.
- Which are false? Typical backlog meta data would include (choose all that apply) a) The Story Name b) The Story Description c) Any Labels d) Status e) Estimate f) Assigned developer g) Release: F is correct.
If the DOD is part of conventions, standards or guidelines of the development organisation, all scrum teams must follow it as a minimum
- It is important to ensure that the definition of done is agreed across multiple scrum teams on a single project. True or false: False
When multiple scrum teams are working on a single project, it might not be possible to use the same definition of done for all teams because they might be working on items of different natures.
- Which are true? When there are multiple definitions of done among different scrum teams working on the same project, the team has to ensure: (choose all that apply) a) The definition of done are agreed after each sprint among the various scrum teams b) The scrum team are capable of creating one integrated increment at the end of sprint c) The scrum teams should all follow the minimums set by the development organisation because of organisational standards. d) None of the answers are correct: B and C are correct.
The scrum teams are capable of creating one integrated increment at the end of sprint. An increment is a tangible product/service that can be deployable.
a) is incorrect.
There is no predefined definition of done agreed after each sprint among various scrum teams.
- What is an OKR?: It is an objective key result that the company wants to achieve (objective) and the company means by which to monitor (key result)
E.g. Objective: Turn website visitors into customers OKR 1: (Number of Visitors That Purchase) / (number of visitors) * 100 OKR 2: Bounce rate OKR 3 Repeat visits
- List a measure to categorise requirements: MusCoW Method
Must have Could have
unctional,
Won't have
The developers and product owner hold meetings to gather the requirements and categorise them accordingly.
- List two methods of estimating the effort to execute a user story (item) and outline which is more suitable for scrum: Absolute: time driven estimation normally require resourcing and assumptions which are hard to forecast accurately. Statistically time-based estimation is not accurate as relative estimation techniques. Relative: complexity units are relative; they are calculated by comparing something that a reference e.g. Cat, donkey, cow i.e. how long does it take to eat a cow, one spoon at a time.
Another relative reference would be to use the Fibonacci sequence 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34,... The sequence facilitates discussion between the lowest and highest outliers during time box voting.
- Explain scrum poker: Scrum poker is a means of estimating a duration of time to complete a user story (item). Each developer votes by giving a number from the modified Fibonacci sequence e.g. 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, The outliers (lowest number and highest number voted) are then asked to explain why they gave the said value to the user story. The team is then asked to vote again to see if there is a shift to the mean
- Which are true? As the sprints progress, a number of user stories and the product backlog: (choose all that apply) a) Increase sprint by sprint b) Decrease sprint by sprint c) Fluctuate between sprints d) None of the answers are correct: b) is correct.
The number of user stories of the product backlog decreases sprint by Sprint as the number of features delivered in the increment increases.
The increment is accumulative from the beginning of the project.
- How would you monitor the progress of a project with scrum: A project burn down chart visualises the progress of the whole project is represented by the product owner
- Explain requirements in the context of functional and non-f epics, story and ranking:
