Download Fundamentals of Chemistry and Physics: Terms and Definitions and more Quizzes Environmental Science in PDF only on Docsity!
Accuracy
the closeness of a piece of datum to actual value. Accuracy requires replicate samplings with the average (mean) value considered to be the correct value. TERM 2
Precision
DEFINITION 2 the closeness of a given set of data to each other and is typically measured by average or standard deviations. The smaller the average deviation or standard deviation value the greater the level of precision. Acceptable precision depends on the specific anyalysis being conducted. TERM 3
Matter
DEFINITION 3 anything that posesses mass and occupies space. It cannot be created or destroyed. It can change to one form to another. Can and is recycled. TERM 4
Element
DEFINITION 4 the simplist form of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler stable units. are considered the building blocks of the universe and have unique properties. simplest unit are know as atoms TERM 5
Atoms
DEFINITION 5 the fundemental unit of elements
Nucleus
the center of the atom comprising virtually all the atom's mass. The nucleus contains the subatomic particles protons TERM 7
Electron Cloud
DEFINITION 7 the three dimensional field of electrons surrundinng the nucleus TERM 8
Compounds
DEFINITION 8 aggregates of the same or different elements. The fundamental units are know as molecules. TERM 9
Ions
DEFINITION 9 atoms or molecules carrying an electrical charge TERM 10
Extensive
Properties
DEFINITION 10 are properties of an element or compound which are dependent on the quality of matter. these are not useful to scientist or engineer
Physical Change
a change in condition with the same substance resent before and after the change occured. TERM 17
Observations of a chemical change
DEFINITION 17 production of gas, change of state, release of Energy, Distinct Color Change. TERM 18
Nuclear Change
DEFINITION 18 is the conversion of one element into another with a corresponding release of matter and energy TERM 19
Isotopes
DEFINITION 19 atoms of the same element having different neutons. If a specific protron to neutron ratio is achieved, radioactive decay will occur. TERM 20
Factors affecting the Nature of Radiation
DEFINITION 20 rate of nuclear change, nature of the matter and or energy released, duration of the nuclear change.
Mixture
the combination of two or more substances TERM 22
Heterogenous mixture
DEFINITION 22 the component of the mixture are relatively easily identified and seperated TERM 23
Homogeneous mixtures
DEFINITION 23 are called solutions TERM 24
Solute
DEFINITION 24 components of a soulution present in the least amounts TERM 25
solvent
DEFINITION 25 component of a mixture present in the greatest amount
potential Energy
the energy on subject has due to position or the chemical energy stored within matter. TERM 32
Kinetic Energy
DEFINITION 32 the energy an object possesses based on its mass and speed released from within matter TERM 33
Law of energy conservation
DEFINITION 33 Eergy is conserved in and chemical or nuclear change. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. Energy conversions are change for potential energy to kinetic energy or the converse. Energy conversions never thake place with 100% efficiency. the energy loss is often low grade thermal energy. TERM 34
High Quality Energy
source
DEFINITION 34 is an energy source that is concentrated, able to do a lot of useful
