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Understanding Sociology and Psychology: A Comparative Analysis - Prof. Nancy Malcom, Study notes of Introduction to Sociology

A comprehensive comparison of sociology and psychology through lectures and textbook readings. Topics covered include the sociological imagination, origins of sociology, functionalism and conflict theories, research methods, people and institutions, and deviance. Students will gain insights into the differences between these two disciplines and their applications to various social issues.

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Uploaded on 10/01/2009

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SOCI 1101 1
Dr. Malcom
Date: Topic: Objectives: Resources:
Students will be able to:
day 01 what is sociology? a. define sociology
b. explain the difference between sociology
and psychology
a. lecture
b. textbook page 2
day 02 sociological
imagination
a. define “sociological imagination”
b. explain the meaning of the phrase “general
in the particular”
c. explain the difference between sociological
categorizations and stereotypes
a. lecture
b. textbook pages 2-9
c. textbook page 33
(“seeing sociology”
box)
day 03 sociological
imagination, cont.
a. describe and explain how the social structure
affects our lives
b. explain the meaning of the phrase “strange
in the familiar”
c. identify benefits of having a sociological
perspective
a. lecture
b. textbook pages 2-9
c. textbook page 33
(“seeing sociology”
box)
day 04 origins of sociology a. identify the conditions that led to the rise of
sociology
b. explain why these conditions led to the rise
of sociology
c. give examples of types of people who are
more likely to have sociological imaginations
a. lecture
b. textbook pages 10-11
day 05 theory: functionalism a. explain structural-functional theory
b. identify and explain manifest functions,
latent functions, and social dysfunctions of
schooling
c. identify strengths and weaknesses of the
functional theoretical perspective
a. lecture
b. textbook pages 13-12
day 06 theory: conflict a. explain social-conflict theory
b. apply the social-conflict theory to schooling
(inequality in schools)
c. differentiate between the functional and
conflict theories
d. identify strengths and weaknesses of the
conflict theoretical perspective
a. lecture
b. textbook pages 13-14
day 07 theory: symbolic-intx a. differentiate between micro-level and macro-
level theories
b. explain symbolic-interaction theory
c. explain “social construction of reality”
d. define and explain “Thomas theorem”
e. differentiate among functional, conflict, and
SI theories
f. identify strengths and weaknesses of the
symbolic-interaction theoretical perspective
a. lecture
b. textbook pages 15-16
c. textbook pages 101-
103
day 08 doing soc: scientific a. define scientific sociology terms (on
handout)
b. calculate mean, median, and mode when
given set of data points
c. identify and explain appropriate situations
for reporting mean, median, and mode
a. lecture
b. textbook pages 16-20
day 09 doing soc: scientific a. explain difference between reliability and
validity
b. identify strategies for improving reliability
a. lecture
b. textbook pages 16-20
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Dr. Malcom

Date: Topic: Objectives: Resources:

Students will be able to:

day 01 what is sociology?^ a. define sociology

b. explain the difference between sociology and psychology a. lecture b. textbook page 2

day 02 sociological

imagination a. define “sociological imagination” b. explain the meaning of the phrase “general in the particular” c. explain the difference between sociological categorizations and stereotypes a. lecture b. textbook pages 2- c. textbook page 33 (“seeing sociology” box)

day 03 sociological

imagination, cont. a. describe and explain how the social structure affects our lives b. explain the meaning of the phrase “strange in the familiar” c. identify benefits of having a sociological perspective a. lecture b. textbook pages 2- c. textbook page 33 (“seeing sociology” box)

day 04 origins of sociology^ a. identify the conditions that led to the rise of

sociology b. explain why these conditions led to the rise of sociology c. give examples of types of people who are more likely to have sociological imaginations a. lecture b. textbook pages 10-

day 05 theory: functionalism^ a. explain structural-functional theory

b. identify and explain manifest functions, latent functions, and social dysfunctions of schooling c. identify strengths and weaknesses of the functional theoretical perspective a. lecture b. textbook pages 13-

day 06 theory: conflict^ a. explain social-conflict theory

b. apply the social-conflict theory to schooling (inequality in schools) c. differentiate between the functional and conflict theories d. identify strengths and weaknesses of the conflict theoretical perspective a. lecture b. textbook pages 13-

day 07 theory: symbolic-intx^ a. differentiate between micro-level and macro-

level theories b. explain symbolic-interaction theory c. explain “social construction of reality” d. define and explain “Thomas theorem” e. differentiate among functional, conflict, and SI theories f. identify strengths and weaknesses of the symbolic-interaction theoretical perspective a. lecture b. textbook pages 15- c. textbook pages 101- 103

day 08 doing soc: scientific^ a. define scientific sociology terms (on

handout) b. calculate mean, median, and mode when given set of data points c. identify and explain appropriate situations for reporting mean, median, and mode a. lecture b. textbook pages 16-

day 09 doing soc: scientific^ a. explain difference between reliability and

validity b. identify strategies for improving reliability a. lecture b. textbook pages 16-

Dr. Malcom

and validity c. differentiate between independent and dependent variables d. provide examples of spurious correlations and explain why they are spurious e. explain why objectivity is desirable

day 10 doing soc: interpretive

& critical a. define interpretive sociology and critical b. explain the differences between and among scientific, interpretive, and critical sociology c. link each of the approaches to doing sociology (scientific, interpretive, critical) to the appropriate theoretical perspective (function, conflict, SI) a. lecture b. textbook pages 20-

day 11 EXAM #1^ multiple choice and short answer questions –

objectives days 01-

day 12 research methods^ a. identify and describe five common research

methods used in sociology b. identify and describe advantages and disadvantages of each of these research methods c. identify and explain which research method is best suited for particular research questions/goals a. lecture b. textbook pages 23-

day 13 research methods^ (same as day 10)^ a. lecture

b. textbook pages 23-

day 14 people: statuses and

roles a. define status, status set, master status, ascribed status, achieved status, role, role conflict, role strain, role exit b. explain the relationship between statuses and roles c. identify one’s own status set and describe the roles associated with each of the statuses d. explain the difference between achieved status and ascribed status and provide examples of each e. explain the difference between role conflict and role strain and provide examples of each f. identify various statuses and roles held by Cedric Jennings, main character in book A Hope in the Unseen ; provide examples of both role strain and role conflict from the book A Hope in the Unseen a. lecture b. textbook pages 98- 101 c. A Hope in the Unseen

day 15 people: groups^ a. define social group, crowd, social category,

primary group, secondary group b. provide examples that illustrate difference between groups, crowds, and categories c. provide examples of primary groups and secondary groups d. explain the difference between primary groups and secondary groups e. identify and describe different group leadership styles (expressive, instrumental, authoritarian, democratic, laissez-faire) a. lecture b. textbook pages 122- 124

day 16 group conformity^ a. describe Solmon Asch’s research on group

conformity, identifying how it was conducted a. lecture b. textbook pages 124-

Dr. Malcom

g. when given a scenario, identify and explain whether it represents cultural relativism or ethnocentrism

day 21 culture: theories^ a. identify, explain, and distinguish among the

three theoretical perspectives’ approaches to (and views on) culture b. apply the terms culture, culture shock, popular culture, subculture to the events depicted in A Hope in the Unseen ; provide examples from the book that illustrate these terms a. lecture b. textbook pages 61- c. A Hope in the Unseen

day 22 EXAM #2^ multiple choice and short answer questions –

objectives days 01-

day 23 socialization^ a. define “socialization”

b. explain the statement “nurture is our nature” c. identify and explain the findings of research on monkeys that have been isolated from their social groups a. lecture b. textbook pages 70-

day 24 agents of socialization^ a. define “agent of socialization”

b. identify at least 4 agents of socialization c. for each agent of socialization, provide at least two examples that describe how each of these agents of socialization can influence us c. apply a functional perspective to the socialization process d. apply a conflict perspective to the socialization process e. define resocialization, total institution f. explain how resocialization can be achieved g. apply ideas about socialization and agents of socialization to Cedric Jenning’s life in A Hope in the Unseen a. lecture b. textbook pages 79- c. textbook page 90- d. A Hope in the Unseen

day 25 life course^ a. identify at least five commonly recognized

life stages b. differentiate between biological versus cultural characteristics of the various life stages c. explain why each of the life stages is seen as a “social construction” a. lecture b. textbook pages 84-

day 26 social control &

deviance a. define social control, deviance, crime, criminal justice system b. explain how social control is achieved c. provide examples of behaviors that are: both deviant and criminal; deviant but not criminal; criminal but not deviant d. identify and explain the social foundations of deviance a. lecture b. textbook pages 174- 179

day 27 deviance: functionalism^ a. identify and explain Durkheim’s basic

insight about deviance b. identify and explain the four items identified by Durkheim as the essential functions of deviance c. explain why Durkheim’s ideas about a. lecture b. textbook pages 179- 181

Dr. Malcom

deviance are representative of the functional perspective d. using Merton’s ideas, define strain, conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion e. explain Merton’s strain theory f. explain why Merton’s ideaas about deviance are representative of the functional perspective

day 28 deviance: conflict^ a. explain the general conflict perspective on

deviance b. based on the conflict perspective, identify types of people who would be more (and less) likely to be viewed as deviant c. apply the conflict perspective on deviance to events from the book A Hope in the Unseen a. lecture b. textbook pages 185- 187 c. A Hope in the Unseen

day 29 deviance: SI^ a. define labeling theory, stigma, retrospective

labeling, self-fulfilling prophecy b. explain labeling theory c. apply the labeling theory to William Chambliss’ research on the “Saints and the Roughnecks” d. explain how and why labeling theory and the conflict perspective are often combined in order to explain deviance e. define medicalization of deviance f. identify and explain the affects of the medicalization of deviance g. provide examples of social deviance from the book A Hope in the Unseen ; explain which theoretical perspective on deviance best fits with these examples a. lecture b. textbook pages 181- 185 c. A Hope in the Unseen

day 30 social stratification^ a. define social stratification, caste, class,

meritocracy, status consistency, status inconsistency b. identify and explain the 4 basic principles of social stratification c. provide at least two different examples of beliefs that serve to justify stratification systems d. explain the difference between caste and class and provide an example of each e. identify people (or types of people) who exhibit status consistency and status inconsistency f. explain whether Cedric Jennings, main character from A Hope in the Unseen , has status consistency or status inconsistency a. lecture b. textbook pages 206- 216 c. A Hope in the Unseen

day 31 stratification: F & C^ a. identify at least 3 functions of poverty

b. define and explain the Davis-Moore thesis c. identify at least two criticisms of the Davis- Moore thesis d. identify who Karl Marx was e. define capitalists (bourgeoisie), proletarians, surplus population, technology, competition, a. lecture b. textbook pages 217- 220

Dr. Malcom

explanation best fits the situation experienced by Cedric Jennings in this book

day 36 gender as a social

construction a. define sex, gender, gender stratification, matriarchy, patriarchy, sexism b. explain the difference between sex and gender c. explain and provide examples to illustrate how gender is constructed as both a binary (dichotomy) and a hierarchy d. provide at least three examples that illustrate how gender is a social construction e. apply the sociological ideas about the construction of gender to the book, A Hope in the Unseen ; explain and defend how masculinity was constructed in this book a. lecture b. textbook pages 274- 280 c. A Hope in the Unseen

day 37 gender socialization^ a. define socialization, gender roles (sex roles)

b. identify at least 4 agents of socialization and describe how each one teaches us gender norms (“appropriate masculinity” and “appropriate femininity”) a. lecture b. textbook pages 280- 282 c. video clip: Mickey Mouse Monopoly: Representations of Gender

day 38 gender and work^ a. define wage gap, second shift, white collar,

blue collar, pink collar, gender segregated workforce, sexual division of labor b. identify the wage gap (current, approximate number that represents difference in pay for full-time, year round female vs. male workers) c. identify and explain three reasons for the existence of the wage gap d. identify jobs in the U.S. that are predominantly female e. provide examples of typical jobs that are classified as white, blue, or pink collar f. explain the differences between and among white collar, blue collar, and pink collar jobs a. lecture b. textbook pages 282- 294

day 39 gender and feminism^ a. define feminism

b. identify and explain the 5 basic feminist ideas c. identify, explain, and differentiate among the 3 types of feminism: difference, liberal, radical d. explain the different types of feminism in terms of how each would likely respond to the question of whether women should play football e. differentiate among the functional, conflict, and symbolic-interactionist perspectives on gender a. lecture NOTE: lecture differs from information provided in text about types of feminism…. b. textbook pages 294- 295 (basic feminist ideas) c. textbook pages 292- 294 (theoretical perspectives on gender)

day 40 EXAM #3^ multiple choice and short answer questions –

objectives days 01-

day 41 race & ethnicity^ a. define race, ethnicity, minority

b. explain the difference between race and ethnicity, provide an example of each a. lecture b. textbook pages 302- 308; 317-

Dr. Malcom

c. explain what it means to say that race is socially constructed, provide examples to illustrate how race is a social construction d. state the approximate distribution (by percentage) or racial and ethnic groups in the United States according to the 2000 US census e. apply the sociological ideas about the construction of race to the reading, A Hope in the Unseen ; explain and defend how race was socially constructed in this book c. A Hope in the Unseen

day 42 prejudice^ a. define prejudice, stereotype, racism,

scapegoat b. identify and explain the four theories of prejudice a. lecture b. textbook pages 308- 314 c. video clip: Mickey Mouse Monopoly: Representations of Other

day 43 discrimination^ a. define discrimination, institutional prejudice

and discrimination b. define active bigot, timid bigot, fair-weather liberal, all-weather liberal (according to Merton’s ideas about prejudice and discrimination) c. explain Merton’s ideas about the relationship between prejudice and discrimination d. explain the difference between individual and institutional discrimination, provide an example of each e. identify at least four characteristics of institutional discrimination f. apply the sociological ideas about discrimination to the assigned reading, A Hope in the Unseen ; identify and defend the extent to which Cedric Jennings experienced individual and/or institutional discrimination a. lecture b. textbook pages 314- 315 c. A Hope in the Unseen

day 44 patterns of racial

interaction a. identify the four common patterns of racial and ethnic interaction (pluralism, assimilation, segregation, genocide) b. provide an example of each of the four patterns of interaction c. differentiate among each of the four patterns of interaction d. apply the patterns of interaction to the events described in the assigned book, A Hope in the Unseen ; identify and defend which pattern of interaction best represented Cedric Jennings’ experiences at Ballou High School; at Brown University a. lecture b. textbook pages 315- 316 c. A Hope in the Unseen FINAL EXAM multiple choice and short answer questions – objectives days 01-