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SARTECH II QUESTIONS
CORRECT ANSWER
Search - CORRECT ANSWER - Location of persons in distress Rescue - CORRECT ANSWER - retrieval and initial care for a person in distress along with their delivery to a place of safety Fundamental skills for search and rescue training - CORRECT ANSWER - search, rescue, and survival/support Search and Rescue - CORRECT ANSWER - the act of finding and returning to safety the survivors from an emergency incident The National SAR Committee (NSARC) sponsors and oversees the - CORRECT ANSWER - U.S. National Search and Rescue Plan (NSP) Federal SAR coordinator for all inland SAR - CORRECT ANSWER - U.S. Air Force U.S. National Search and Rescue Plan (NSP) - CORRECT ANSWER - Plan to provide guidance to agencies for coordinating civil SAR services to meet domestic and international commitments The National Search and Rescue Supplement (NSS) - CORRECT ANSWER - Supplement to the IAMSAR (International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue) Manual Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs) - CORRECT ANSWER - emergency transmitters that are carried aboard most general aviation aircraft in the U.S. In the event of an aircraft accident
Cospas-Sarsat - CORRECT ANSWER - an international search and rescue system that uses satellites to detect and locate emergency beacons Personal Locator Beacons (PLBs) - CORRECT ANSWER - Devices used by individuals to send its signal to a network of satellites, which then relay your location to rescue personnel Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRBs) - CORRECT ANSWER - devices that sends a distress radiobeacon, a tracking transmitter that is triggered during an accident. Local User Terminal (LUT) - CORRECT ANSWER - satellite receiving units are the ground stations that receive emergency beacon distress alerts Mission Control Center (MCC) - CORRECT ANSWER - type of clearinghouse responsible for receiving and distributing distress signal alerts from emergency position-indicating radiobeacon stations. The National Response Plan (NRP) Administrator - CORRECT ANSWER - The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) administers this SAR plan The domestic land SAR service provider (outside of national parks) - CORRECT ANSWER - state and local authorities or SAR units provide SAR jurisdiction Criteria for Amber Alert - CORRECT ANSWER - (1) confirmed abduction by law enforcement (2) imminent danger (3) description of child ICS function that approves the ordering of additional resources - CORRECT ANSWER - ICS Command Function ICS Planning Function - CORRECT ANSWER - Maintains and displays situation status
Elements of Incident Action Plan - CORRECT ANSWER - (1)statement of objectives and (2) organization details Command Staff - CORRECT ANSWER - Safety Officer, Liaison Officer, and Public Information Officer SAR provider's authorization to treat life-threatening injuries for an unconscious person - CORRECT ANSWER - implied consent SAR provider finds a conscious, mentally incompetent adult subject with non−life- threatening injuries, the provider's authority to treat and transport - CORRECT ANSWER - may be authorized by a law enforcement officer Good Samaritan Laws - CORRECT ANSWER - statutes that protect rescuers from being sued for giving emergency care clues found in a search area - CORRECT ANSWER - evidence, if a crime is suspected SAR provider policy - CORRECT ANSWER - policy of "do no harm" standard of care - CORRECT ANSWER - Written, accepted levels of emergency care expected by reason of training and profession; written by legal or professional organizations so that patients are not exposed to unreasonable risk or harm. engendered reliance - CORRECT ANSWER - A situation in which an institution has encouraged its customers to become reliant on their services, and is therefore legally obligated to continue to provide those services. loss of heat to the environment - CORRECT ANSWER - heat transfer
minimum of how many liters of water a day to keep all body systems functioning properly - CORRECT ANSWER - 8 - 10 liters of water Convective heat loss - CORRECT ANSWER - loss of heat by movement of gas or fluids across a surface highest priority in an emergency situation - CORRECT ANSWER - positive mental attitude necessities of life should be prioritized in an emergency - CORRECT ANSWER - length of time a person can live without each item priorities of life in terms of their importance - CORRECT ANSWER - positive mental attitude, body shelter, rest, food The stage of the human response to a life-threatening situation in which muscles tighten, sweat glands constrict, the pulse quickens, and adrenaline begins to flow is called - CORRECT ANSWER - reaction (stage of human response) sequence in which the different stages occur in response to a life- threatening situation - CORRECT ANSWER - alarm, reaction, response and options, rest surroundings and patterns of behavior in which the average person customarily operates - CORRECT ANSWER - comfort zone searcher placed outside of his or her "comfort zone" in an emergency is likely to experience a sense of - CORRECT ANSWER - stress and anxiety prepared searcher seeks to ________ his or her personal comfort zone through __________________. - CORRECT ANSWER - expand/self-discipline and practice
temporary spot for human waste disposal in the field - CORRECT ANSWER - spot that is at least 200 feet from the campsite and water sources, with little traffic feet should be bathed/rinsed/soaked - CORRECT ANSWER - end of the day wool - CORRECT ANSWER - natural fiber material best maintains its insulative properties when wet? rate of heat transfer in clothing depends - CORRECT ANSWER - (1) the amount of dead air spaces trapped within the clothing and layers, (2)water and moisture within the layers, (3) the amount of air that passes through the material. five layers of clothing recommended - CORRECT ANSWER - underneath, wicking, clothing, insulation, shell clothing layer requirement - CORRECT ANSWER - saturate and encourage the evaporation of perspiration Treatment for all heat-related injuries includes - CORRECT ANSWER - eliminating exposure best treatment for snake bites - CORRECT ANSWER - identify, immobilize, and evacuate traveling perpendicular to the flow - CORRECT ANSWER - NOT a proper technique for crossing a stream three types of deserts - CORRECT ANSWER - mountain, rocky plateau, and sandy mixed rock and ice climbs - CORRECT ANSWER - wear crampons throughout the entire climb if the terrain is 50% or more suitable for crampons
When carrying food on a SAR mission, what type do you NOT want to carry - CORRECT ANSWER - "meal" type minimum number of sources of water a SAR provider should carry - CORRECT ANSWER - two sources Which of the following equipment would not be suitable for SAR work - CORRECT ANSWER - ski jacket insulating ground pads requirements - CORRECT ANSWER - (1) lightweight, (2) compact, (3) good insulators. drawback for using down - CORRECT ANSWER - loses insulation when wet Sleeping bags are generally compared by: - CORRECT ANSWER - loft Loft - CORRECT ANSWER - thickness most efficient in sleeping bag shapes - CORRECT ANSWER - Mummy most common type of baffling used in backpacking sleeping bags - CORRECT ANSWER - shingle increase warmth in a sleeping bag - CORRECT ANSWER - (1) sleeping in a layer of dry clothes, (2) improving ground insulation, (3) using a vapor barrier biggest disadvantage of using a tarp for a shelter - CORRECT ANSWER - little insect protection percent of the weight of most tents is found in the pole system - CORRECT ANSWER - 50% of the weight of the tent
imaginary line on the Earth's surface connecting points where the magnetic declination is zero - CORRECT ANSWER - agonic line Map scale - CORRECT ANSWER - ratio or proportion of the horizontal distance on the map to the corresponding horizontal distance on the ground brown lines on a topography map - CORRECT ANSWER - contour interval 1:24,000 scale - CORRECT ANSWER - one inch equals 2000 feet GPS - CORRECT ANSWER - space-based radio-navigation system consisting of satellites and a network of ground stations used for monitoring and control Contour lines that are close together - CORRECT ANSWER - steep terrain Lines that have a "V" shape - CORRECT ANSWER - stream beds and narrow ridges hatchures on contour lines - CORRECT ANSWER - depressions unit of linear measurement equal to the length of a step or stride - CORRECT ANSWER - pace parallels run - CORRECT ANSWER - east-west resource - CORRECT ANSWER - qualified asset that is ready for use or can be drawn upon for aid Resources can be categorized as: - CORRECT ANSWER - human, animal, informational, equipment, and technology
types of trained human search resources - CORRECT ANSWER - trackers, hasty teams, and grid search crews Communications support - CORRECT ANSWER - (1) local amateur radio clubs, (2) CB clubs, (3) emergency management agency. SAR forms of travel - CORRECT ANSWER - technical and non-technical steep slopes - CORRECT ANSWER - traverse them by turning at the end of each traverse and stepping off in the new direction with the uphill foot two fundamental rules regarding wilderness travel - CORRECT ANSWER - weight of the body above the feet and sole of the foot on the ground to have traction On most trails at average walking speeds, the distance that searchers should keep between them is about - CORRECT ANSWER - 6 to 10 feet searchers should rest _________ every hour - CORRECT ANSWER - 10 minutes tracking - CORRECT ANSWER - following someone or something by stringing together a continuous chain of their sign Tracks are usually easiest to see - CORRECT ANSWER - when the sun is at a low angle as in early morning or late afternoon Step-by-step tracking - CORRECT ANSWER - tracking involves the tracker seeing each step while proceeding no further than the last visible track and using the stride to determine where next to look for sign Tracking traits - CORRECT ANSWER - sight, patience, perseverance, and determination
crew mission briefing conducted by - CORRECT ANSWER - Planning Section crew mission briefing - CORRECT ANSWER - safety hazards are communicated crew mission briefing - CORRECT ANSWER - summary of the past and present circumstances of the incident As a searcher, you should expect the following at a briefing - CORRECT ANSWER - Information about the subject (name, description, etc.) will be communicated at the briefing, Briefings are conducted in an oral as well as written manner, Clue considerations are discussed in the briefing. Check-out occurs when? - CORRECT ANSWER - upon departing the incident On a search crew, the person responsible for tracking the crew's whereabouts in relation to the search area and the incident base - CORRECT ANSWER - navigator On a search crew, this person is responsible for maintaining information about the distance traveled in relation to the search area and the incident base - CORRECT ANSWER - tally On a search crew, this person is responsible for ensuring that crew tasks are conducted properly: - CORRECT ANSWER - team leader On a search crew, the person responsible for acting as a crew "scribe" and recording the chronology of events that occur on the assignment - CORRECT ANSWER - timekeeper indirect search tactics - CORRECT ANSWER - fact finding and interviews, using strobe lights on the edge of the search area, posting searchers at likely exit points from the search area
The investigation that a sheriff's deputy might do at a search would be characterized as a _____________ search tactic because it _________________. - CORRECT ANSWER - indirect; does not involve specifically searching for the subject or clues Search management has fully utilized its resources and tactics without finding the subject. A remaining tactic involves no field searching specifically for the subject, but includes continued investigation and periodic use of the former search area as a training site for search crews. Management refers to this tactic as - CORRECT ANSWER - continuous limited search Tactics such as route blocks, track traps, and patrols are referred to as _______________, even though they may occur inside the search area, and are considered ___________________ tactics. - CORRECT ANSWER - containment; indirect You have just been assigned to a crew of field searchers on a search. The crew you are on is composed of two to four skilled searchers who have had a great deal of training and are capable of moving very quickly over the terrain to which you will be assigned. Your tasking is to search a travel route that the subject may have used. Your crew is said to be on a(n): - CORRECT ANSWER - hasty search. A hasty search is considered to be one in which there - CORRECT ANSWER - is an effort to find clues and define the search area, and requires few resources to conduct You and your crew are systematically circling the subject's point last seen in an effort to find the first clue from which to track. Your crew is using the technique of - CORRECT ANSWER - sign cutting Operations Section has given your three-person crew the assignment of searching a particular segment. You realize from the assignment that your crew's technique will be to purposefully roam assigned search lanes, with searchers independently moving laterally as well as forward to check likely spots within their lane. These searchers are skilled in navigation and clue detection. The tactic that you are using is - CORRECT ANSWER - loose grid searching
You are a team leader and your control operations assign a 10-guide right-30 formation. In what direction is your guide person? - CORRECT ANSWER - the right In a 5-guide right-30 formation, what average distance have you been instructed to place between searchers? - CORRECT ANSWER - 30 feet 5 - CORRECT ANSWER - In a 5-guide right-30 formation, how many searchers in total are on your team if the team leader is on the control line? If your instructions were to use "10-compass 15-30," what would be your guide? - CORRECT ANSWER - a compass bearing of 15 degrees If your instructions had been to maintain a searcher interval of 20 meters, how far apart would you report in the debriefing that your searchers were in the assignment? - CORRECT ANSWER - It may vary depending on the terrain and ground cover experienced during the assignment. You are a team leader for some Venturing scouts in an area search at Mount Rainier National Park in the Pacific Northwest (USA). Your instructions include information searching a "7- Area-124." In which of the three parts do you find instructions on the number of searchers in your control line? - CORRECT ANSWER - First Part You are a team leader for some Venturing scouts in an area search at Mount Rainier National Park in the Pacific Northwest (USA). Your instructions include information searching a "7- Area-124." In which of the three parts do you find instructions on the spacing between searchers? - CORRECT ANSWER - Third Part You are a crew leader assigned to a particular search segment in an incident in the Southern Appalachian Mountains (USA). The heavy undergrowth of Rhododendron and Mountain Laurel presents a challenge to finding clues. Your duties include determining the greatest typical distance at which a crew member could see a clue that your subject might have had. This distance is called: - CORRECT ANSWER - average maximum detection range (AMDR).
How is AMDR (average maximum detection range) determined? - CORRECT ANSWER - Using one or more searchers, a typical clue is put down in the forest. Each searcher follows a bearing away from the clue until it cannot be seen, makes note of the distance to that point using pace count, and continues for another 50- 100 meters. The searcher makes a right turn and walks around the clue until they are on a bearing 45 degrees greater than the original one and walks toward the clue until they can see it. The distance from that point to the clue is measured through pace count. Each searcher repeats this process until each has accumulated around eight of these measurements. The average of all the measurements is the correct determination. The purpose of the determination of AMDR is to: - CORRECT ANSWER - make a quantitative measure of search conditions. The pattern of observation known as the "searcher cube" refers to: - CORRECT ANSWER - making a practice of looking upward, downward, and in a 360° circle around you. You can improve your ability to maintain your spacing as well as your correct position on the control line if you: - CORRECT ANSWER - memorize the names, faces, and the color of the clothing worn by the searchers to your immediate left and right on the line. In talking with non-search personnel, the good searcher should always: - CORRECT ANSWER
- interview hikers and other potential witnesses that you encounter on your assignment. A way for one crew member to significantly hamper another crew member's ability to operate at night is to: - CORRECT ANSWER - shine his or her headlight into the other's eyes. competent searchers - CORRECT ANSWER - They have a ready pack and know its contents, They follow the rule: "Be prepared." They know how to utilize the contents of your pack. Your personal equipment should be checked and readied in which stage of the SAR incident?
- CORRECT ANSWER - preplanning and preparation
"Kernmantle" means: - CORRECT ANSWER - core in sheath. Search and Rescue Response at the local level is coordinated by: - CORRECT ANSWER - local law enforcement and OEM A thorough critique or After Action Review is a critical component of all aspects of emergency response. A critique may help managers - CORRECT ANSWER - drive changes in training, equipment and material To determine a bearing in the field one should hold the compass level, with one hand rotate the bezel until the N on the bezel is - CORRECT ANSWER - aligned with the red end of the magnetic needle A ___ is an essential phase of the components of SAR as it becomes the basis for the evolution of any teams prepIan and guidelines. - CORRECT ANSWER - Incident Action Plan* Search managers should field multiple types of SAR resources simultaneously to attain the best results. - CORRECT ANSWER - True* The general briefing is critical to creating a common operational picture of the incident. The briefing is usually conducted by: - CORRECT ANSWER - Plan Section Chief Professional rescuers have a "duty to act" this means that - CORRECT ANSWER - the rescuer has a duty to act reasonably and within their scope of training. State search and rescue authorities - CORRECT ANSWER - responsbilities vary from state to state. As a search and rescue responder you should understand and know if your state has a State SAR Coordinator, a State SAR Plan, and or legislation regarding search and rescue* When tracking sign is- - CORRECT ANSWER - any evidence of change from the natural environment
investigation phase - CORRECT ANSWER - runs thorough the entire duration of the search.* Clues and evidence should be - CORRECT ANSWER - reported and processed AHJ and SOGs* Searchers look for - CORRECT ANSWER - Subject Searchers require detailed subject information so that they can locate all the potential clues left behind by a subject. This information is classified as - CORRECT ANSWER - Briefing Data * __________ justifies the initial actions such as performing initial investigation or calling out search resources - CORRECT ANSWER - incident commander The LPQ, maps, statistical data, weather reports, theoretical and search data are considered
- CORRECT ANSWER - Planning Data* The Initial search management task will comprise of: - CORRECT ANSWER - Establish the lncident Command Post near the IPP , Begin confinement tactics (media, road patrols/blocks, etc.) Corroborate and Protect the PLS/LKP. Protect any potential scent articles, subject's residence or any other clues. The LPQ, maps, statistical data, weather reports, theoretical and search data are considered
- CORRECT ANSWER - *Planning
