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S. APeMr'wl NOTES ... GTE Sylvania, Carnegie-Mellon University, Honeywell, and RCA Corporation. ... CHAPTER III CARNEGIE-MELLON STUDY OF MULTI-PROCESSOR.
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SA STUDY^ OF^ COMMUNICATION PROCESSOR SYSTEMS
DTiC
ROME AIR^ DEVELOPMENT^ CENTER Air Force^ Systems^ Command Griffiss Air^ Force^ Base,^ New^ York^13441
80 2 25 026
This report has been reviewed by the RADC Public Affairs Office (PA) and Is releasable to the National Technical information Service (NrIS). At NTIS it will be releasable to the general public, including foreign nations.
RADC-TR-79-310 has been reviewed and is approved for publication.
t SES L. PREVITE Project Engineer I
APPROVED: ' K .Cju
Acting Chief, Plans Office I
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UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAOC1wen Data Entered)
fis given to those^ systems^ which^ have^ recently^ been proposed^ by^ various organizations to^ the^ government^ agencies.^ Such^ a^ restriction^ is^ justified^ by the -fact that a new evolved architecture^ is^ expected^ to^ overcome^ most^ of^ the shortcomings and^ limitations^ of^ the^ existing^ systems.^ General^ descriptions^ of the systems included here are^ those^ proposed^ by:^ North^ Electric^ Company, GTE Sylvania, Carnegie-Mellon University, Honeywell, and RCA Corporation. An attempt is made to obtain a comparative statement^ of^ various^ parameters^ and the uniqueness cf these systems so that their^ salient^ features^ and^ deficiencies can be compared. Finally, our recommendations and architectural strategies Vare outlined to provide guidelines for^ CPS^ design.^ Further^ thorough investigation is necessary in^ order^ to^ obtain more^ precise^ architectural requirements of CPS's.
Accession~ Fcr -_ NTIS GP,: l 1 D TAB. \nnumouncedj JustificatioX..
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UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF^ THIS^ PAGE1"Whon^ Data^ Entered)
3.4 Conclusion ..... .,.... , 43
4.2 Architectural Description. .. ,.. 4.3 Performance Characteristics t^ t^ q^ f^^64
5.3 Performance (^) Characteristics....... , 89
6.1 Introduction ......^ ,^9 6.2 Description. 99 6.3 Performance Characteristics ..... 108
Technology (^) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. (^) .... 16
__144 (^) Kw required (parallel buses).. .. .. .... (^).. 37
__Kw required .....................
NO- r-~
3.15 Global Bus with 12 processors. 32 Ky/processor, (^) B processors required ........ ... (^) ...... 40 3.16 Tandem with 12 processors, (^) 32 Kw/processor, 16 Ky/processor
i 3.17 Tandem with 12 processors, 32 Kwprocessor, 8 processors required q ........ ..^.^ ........^^42 3.18 Equivalent number^ of^ processors^ and^ memory^ modules^.^.^ .- U 3.19 Equivalent performance 62% voice, (^241) data, normal processor. 24" Ti carrier in each line, three lines......****.****... ...^5 3.20 Equivalent (^) performance 624 voice, 28 data ten ties faster processor, (^) 48% of Ti carrier in each line, three lines .4.. 46 3.21 Equivalent (^) performance 62% voice, 24% data ten times faster
==Figures (^) Page
Table Page
1.1 Subscriber Classes and Associated Parameters 4 2.1 Backbone Network Costs............. .. 17 R. 2.2 Unit of Cost of Alternative Network Technologies ... .... 18 2.3 Cost Below Which it is Economical to Provide VTDR Devices in the Backbone Network ..... ..... ..... .. 20 I 2.4 Sample Results Comparing Total System Monthly Cost for the Option of Digitization in the Handset for 1000, Handsets ..... ...... ...........................^^20 3.1 Amount of Traffic in each Communication Line ... ......... 29 3.2 Memory References for Various Processors .. ........... .. 29 3.3 Minimum number of Processors needed for 62% voice and 28: data, Decomposition I ........ ..................... 30 3.4 Minimum requirements for 62% voice, 28% data, Decomposition II 30 3.5 Minimum requirements for 25% voice, 67- data, Decomposition 1 30 3.6 Minimum requirements for 25% voice, 67% data, Decomposition 11 31 3.7 Minimum number of processors required for 62% voice, 28% data with Decomposition I and ten times faster memory and Processor 31 3.8 Minimum requirements for 62% voice, 28% data, Decomposition II tentimes faster Processor and memory ... ....... .... .. 31 3.9 Minimum requirements for 25% voice, 67% data, Decomposition I, ten times^ faster^ Processor^ and^ memory^ ...^ ...........^ ..^32 3.10 Minimum requirements for 25% voice, 67% data, Decomposition II, ten^ times^ faster^ Processor^ and^ memory. ....^ ...........^^32 4.1 Typical Examples of Parameters for Master Model .... ....... 65 -- 4.2 Traffic Characteristics of Systems ...... .............. 66
4.3 Circuit Switched System. ... .....^ ........^ ....^^67 4.4 Syat~m Features .... ....... .................. .... 67 5.1 Maintenance M ethodology ...... .................... ..^79 5.2 SENET-DAX Subscriber Service Features ....^ .............^ ...^83
_ = -- = -M=
_C (^) --- (^) _A-
computation effectiveness and the architectural decisions have^ to^ be^ II
S- design need to be examined when designing (^) a communication system. =
routed independently to their destination (^) using store-and-forward procedures. The packet switching cain partially solve the blocking problem of interconnection networks. However, it also increases the complexity of the control procedure and the effective time I
The integration of circuit and packet switching into a unified switching concept [3] enables efficient and economical use of the communication system. It also allows (^) a better connec- tion between the terminals. This Slotted Envelope NETwork (SENET) concept utilizes constant perio', self-synchronizing master frame to convey messages to the multi-node network. The assignment of compartments to different types of traffic provides both circuit switching and packet switching capabilities simultaneously. The characteristics of different subscribers have been used to separate three different classes of traffic [3]. These classes and associated parameters are given in (^) Table 1.1. The size of the compartments for each group of traffic is allowed to vary, dynamically with the instantaneous traffic conditions and is achieved by performing the frame composition and decomposition at each node. Each envelope begins with a header and the end
B. Communication Network Characteristics The characteristics which can be used to specify the inter- communication network are identified as follows:
1. topology of interconnnction network,
-- 7. network reliability,
3 1
t (^) ________
I C. Network Structure
depends greatly on the network structure as the designer (^) chooses.
The network (^) structure in the form of cross-bar switches is a widely utiliied circuit-switching technique for establishing a connection between any two users. The maximum number of^ simul-^ V taneous connections set-up between various subscribers can be
free parallel switching. Since the number of cross-points grows exponentially (^) with the number of subscribers, the cost of the circuitry required for the switching facilities becomes signifi- cantly high when the number of (^) subscribers is large. The solution
several stages (^) and the desired connection is established via intermediate stages. The cost advantage-offered (^) by the multi- stage network is partially off-set (^) by the control selection time. However, multistage network usually provide multiple path connec- tions and are, therefore, more fault-tolerant than (^) cross-bar
There are four types of multistage interconnection networks
1. strictly nonblocking network,
3. rearrangeable (^) nonblocking network, and
also (^) has the same capability except that it requires alterations in the existing connections, The blocking network can perform
criterion for choosing network structure. Network -tructure with
_ 5 [
properties of easy manufacturing, low cost, simple control, = graceful degradation, and short delay time are the major parameters.
D. Network Design The hardware design considerations for the interconnection network are:
1. cross-bar switches versus multistage design,
The network software design is essentially to have a set of basic (^) control procedures to ensure an efficient, correct and smooth transfer of information in the interconnection network system. The basic control procedure can be partitioned into the following four categories [5,61: I. communication protocols,
store-and-forward sw34tching (e.g. SENET) is preferred. Thus, various attributes of interconnection organizations such as the transfer strategy, the control method, the path structure, and the system topology are used to classify the actual system designs [1]. of a Basedcomputer.^ on^ thethe^ interconnections present day multiple-processor^ between^ various systemsfunctional can^ beunits
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