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SA CERTIFIED ARBORIST REAL EXAM INSIGHT COMPLETE FULL LEGTH EXAM WITH DETAILED ANSWERS GRADED A (PASS)
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The waxy outer layer of the leaf is called which of the following? (A) Cuticle (B) Stomata (C) Epidermis (D) palisade Leaves have a waxy outer layer called the cuticle which works to hold in moisture and keep the leaf from drying out. The answer is (A) What is not one of the main regions of the root structure? (A) Differentiation (B) Absorption (C) Elongation (D) Meristemic
Roots are divided into zones based on function as they grow. This includes the differentiation region, elongation region, and meristematic zone. The answer is (B) Photosynthates are responsible for the sufficient production of all of the following except: (A) Amino acids (B) Oxygen (C) Fat (D) Proteins Photosynthates are the carbohydrates produced as a result of photosynthesis. They are used as the foundation for the production of many of the elements the tree needs to survive such as amino acids, fats, proteins, starches, and others. Oxygen is a byproduct of the photosynthesis process and is not produced by photosynthates. The answer is (B) A tree that alters its growth direction due to the effects of gravity is which of the following?
(C) Increasing organic material (D) Restricting air movement Compacted soils decrease the total pore space which will limit the amount of air and water that can be present. Naturally, this has a detrimental effect on facilitating tree growth by affecting root growth and absorption. It does not have an impact on the makeup of the soil itself. The answer is (C) Field capacity is achieved after the draining of which of the following? (A) Gravitational water (B) Capillary water (C) Micropore water (D) Compacted drainage Filed capacity is the condition after all of the water has drained due to gravity. The answer is (A) What best defines the permanent wilting point soil moisture condition?
Infiltration is the ability of water to penetrate the soil structure. The presence of pores allows the water to more easily flow through. In general, clay has smaller pores than sand. In addition, compacted soil will further reduce these openings and make it more difficult for the water to infiltrate. The answer is (D) What major soil horizon category is not included in the zone designated as topsoil? (A) A (B) O (C) E (D) C The horizons O, A, E, and parts of B are considered the topsoil. The answer is (D) What soil type is most easily compacted?
(A) Sand (B) Clay (C) Silt (D) Bedrock Since clay has the smallest individual particles, it may be compressed to minimize the amount of space between the particles more easily than other soil types. The answer is (B) What is not a tree characteristic which helps to prevent the loss of water? (A) Increased leaf surface area (B) Deep root systems (C) Leaf hairs (D) Waxy outer leaf layer Trees are constantly fighting to ensure appropriate levels of water and to retain it from excessive transpirational water loss. Different trees have certain aspects suited to keep sufficient water levels. Deeper roots have a wider range of water to draw from. Leaves may have outer layers or hairs to prevent the water from leaving too quickly. A larger surface area is detrimental to a tree's water retention and some trees will have smaller leaves to help retain the water.
(D) All of the above Trees can contribute to runoff control in several ways including:
What is the minimum slope for drainage pipes placed above an impervious layer? (A) 1/16" per ft (B) 1/8" per ft (C) 1/4" per ft (D) 1/2" per ft Drainage pipes should have a slope of at least 1/4" per linear ft. The answer is (C) The main function of a rain garden is which of the following? (A) Collect and hold stormwater runoff (B) Increase water infiltration (C) Distribute runoff to dry areas (D) Facilitate deep root systems In areas where drainage is a concern, rain gardens can handle a large amount of water in flooding events. They are often used at the base of sloped or collection areas such as parking lots.
(D) Potassium The PH of a soil condition has an impact on how prevalent a nutrient will be. Some are more available in a low acidic PH and others in a high alkaline environment. Of the options listed, Iron is more available in an acidic PH. The answer is (A) Nitrogen is present in soil mostly due to which of the following? (A) Water (B) Organic matter (C) Clay (D) Sand Nitrogen comes from the amount of organic matter in the soil. The answer is (B) A 25-lb bag of fertilizer has a 10- 6 - 4 analysis. How many pounds of potassium are in the bag?
The analysis of fertilizer provides three numbers that indicate the percentages in pounds of each element. The numbers represent nitrogen- phosphorous-potassium. Therefore, in this example, we have 4% potassium of a 25 lb. bag: P = 0.04 x 25 = 1.0 lb. The answer is (A) Required fertilizer distribution rates for quick release are ______________ than for that of slow-release. (A) Greater (B) Less (C) Equal (D) No relationship
(A) Magnesium (B) Calcium (C) Iron (D) Sulfur Elements associated with tree growth are classified as macro and micronutrients. Macronutrients are those most likely to be deficient in trees and to have detrimental effects. These include nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, and sulfur. Micronutrients are less likely to be deficient but may cause problems if there is a short supply. Iron is classified as a micronutrient. The answer is (C) What method of fertilizer application may result in the development of thick patches of grass in spots surrounding the tree? (A) Liquid injection (B) Surface application (C) Foliar application (D) Implants
The increase in grass growth is due to the isolated areas drawing on the localized fertilizer. Liquid injection, as well as the drill hole method, provides fertilizer in isolated spots around the tree and spotty thick grass is a known side effect. The answer is (A) What characteristic is used to differentiate between vascular plant classifications? (A) Roots (B) Leaves (C) Seeds (D) Skin Vascular plants can be subdivided into two categories based on their seeds. The defining characteristic is whether or not the seed is covered by an ovary or not. The answer is (C) Of the options listed below which has the broadest level of taxonomic hierarchy?
(C) Shape of leaflet (D) Number of leaflets By definition, a compound leaf has two or more leaflets but only a single bud. A single leaf whether simple or compound is around a single bud. The answer is (D) What major group of conifers is defined by needles borne in clusters? (A) Pine (B) Spruce (C) Fir (D) Juniper Conifers are cone-bearing trees. Pines can often be identified due to the needles being in clusters of two, three, or five. The answer is (A) The ideal soil ratio for solids to pore space is: (A) 20:
An even split between the amount of solids and the amount of pore space is the ideal condition. This allows the pore space to contain sufficient amounts of water and air while maintaining the soil integrity. The solids ideally are 45% mineral and 5% organic matter. The answer is (D) What is the correct scientific name for the oak tree genus? The genus is the first part of a tree's scientific name. The oak tree is designated as Quercus. The answer is (A) Which of the following is not one of the five major categories of soil horizons? (A) O (B) E
