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Russian Contributions Part 2-History of Psycology-Lecture Handout, Exercises of History of Psychology

Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research InstituteHistory of Psychology

The objectives of this course are to introduce the developmental history of the subject of psychology, to prepare students to appreciate and use more advanced materials of psychology and to provide the basic and the most modern knowledge related to psychology. This lecture includes: Animal, Child, Psychology, Educational, Organizational, Industrial, Sport, Clinical, Magnanimity, Abnormal

Typology: Exercises

2011/2012

Uploaded on 08/08/2012

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History and Systems of Psychology – PSY502 VU
Lesson 12
RUSSIAN CONTRIBUTIONS
Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)
Ivan Pavlov
Ivan Pavlov is one of the greatest psychologists of the 20th century whose ideas left a long lasting
impact on the field. The importance of Pavlov’s discoveries can be gauged from the fact that his theories, as
they emerged from his experiments, are today applicable to a very large area of psychology, including:
oAnimal/comparative psychology
oChild psychology
oEducational psychology
oOrganizational psychology
oIndustrial psychology
oSport psychology
oPsychology of advertising
oClinical/Abnormal psychology
oPsychotherapy
That is the magnanimity of the impact of Pavlov’s discoveries on modern psychology.
©Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan 29
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Lesson 12 RUSSIAN CONTRIBUTIONS Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) Ivan Pavlov Ivan Pavlov is one of the greatest psychologists of the 20th^ century whose ideas left a long lasting impact on the field. The importance of Pavlov’s discoveries can be gauged from the fact that his theories, as they emerged from his experiments, are today applicable to a very large area of psychology, including: o Animal/comparative psychology o Child psychology o Educational psychology o Organizational psychology o Industrial psychology o Sport psychology o Psychology of advertising o Clinical/Abnormal psychology o Psychotherapy That is the magnanimity of the impact of Pavlov’s discoveries on modern psychology.

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Vladimir Bekhterev (1857-1927) Vladimir Bekhterev Another contributor from Russia whose name deserves to be mentioned is Vladimir Bekhterev. He was born in 1857 and died in 1927. He studied under Wilhelm Wundt, the psychologist who established the first psychological laboratory at Leipzig, Germany. One of the major contributions of Bekhterev is his experiments on animals and humans using mild electric shocks. In other words, Bekhterev used electric shocks of low voltage which were not harmful, for humans and animals. He then noted the response of the organisms to the shocks. The idea behind this experiment was to trace the effect on learning. Bekhterev noted that shocks are associated with withdrawal reaction. Withdrawal reaction means that humans and animals tend to move away from the source of the stimulus. In other words, the action of the organism is to avoid the stimulus which was felt harmful by the body. It therefore moved away. This response was called Associative reflex by Bekhterev. He stated that associative reflex was learning which was similar to learning by conditioning as given by Pavlov. Another contribution of Bekhterev is that he gave the idea of physical energy to explain the phenomenon of consciousness. He proposed that consciousness is a form of physical energy. The energy resulted in the person being aware of himself and his surroundings. He further stated that all higher psychological functions such as thinking and generation of ideas are the forms of expression of physical energy which represented the consciousness.

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