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RT 6080: Exam 1 - Respiratory Assessment and Radiographic Interpretation, Exams of Nursing

Seattle University (SU)Nursing

A comprehensive overview of respiratory assessment and radiographic interpretation, focusing on pediatric patients. It covers key aspects of medical history taking, physical examination techniques, and the interpretation of various radiographic findings. Multiple-choice questions and answers, making it a valuable resource for students studying respiratory care or related fields.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 12/23/2024

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RT 6080: Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f98zva
1. The history for a new pa-
tient can be divided into
how many sections?
Six sections
2. What does the chief com-
plaint typically involve? Current signs and symptoms
3. Why might obtaining the
chief complaint be challeng-
ing in pediatric patients?
Children cannot articulate their symptoms
4. What is the history of pre-
sent illness (HIP)? It is a detailed narrative provided by the pa-
tient about their current medical condition. It
typically includes the following components:
5. What is included in the
"past medical history" sec-
tion of a medical chart?
6. Which components of a pa-
tient's past medical history
(PMH) is most relevant to
establishing a diagnosis of
a respiratory condition?
History of prematurity
7. Why is birthweight an im-
portant component of a pa-
tient's past medical histo-
ry in diagnosing respiratory
conditions?
Low birthweight is associated with increased
risk of respiratory problems.
8. What is the purpose of the
Review of Symptoms (ROS)
in a medical history?
To identify symptoms not covered in the His-
tory of Present Illness (HPI)
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Download RT 6080: Exam 1 - Respiratory Assessment and Radiographic Interpretation and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f98zva

  1. The history for a new pa- tient can be divided into how many sections? Six sections
  2. What does the chief com- plaint typically involve? Current signs and symptoms
  3. Why might obtaining the chief complaint be challeng- ing in pediatric patients? Children cannot articulate their symptoms
  4. What is the history of pre- sent illness (HIP)? It is a detailed narrative provided by the pa- tient about their current medical condition. It typically includes the following components:
  5. What is included in the "past medical history" sec- tion of a medical chart?
  6. Which components of a pa- tient's past medical history (PMH) is most relevant to establishing a diagnosis of a respiratory condition? History of prematurity
  7. Why is birthweight an im- portant component of a pa- tient's past medical histo- ry in diagnosing respiratory conditions? Low birthweight is associated with increased risk of respiratory problems.
  8. What is the purpose of the Review of Symptoms (ROS) in a medical history? To identify symptoms not covered in the His- tory of Present Illness (HPI)

Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f98zva

  1. The Review of Symptoms (ROS) should: Include a systematic inquiry about symptoms across different body systems
  2. Why might obtaining a Re- view of Systems (or Symp- toms in pediatrics) (ROS) be difficult? Patients or their parents may not recognize or remember all symptoms
  3. How can the Review of Symptoms (ROS) con- tribute to patient care? By identifying potential symptoms in other body systems that need attention
  4. Which family members are primarily considered when taking a family history in a medical assessment? Biological parents, siblings, and other close relatives
  5. How can information about smokers in the house, cleanliness, suspected drug use, and suspicious bruis- es/scars contribute to a patient's medical assess- ment? All of those factors/exposure can affect the pa- tient's respiratory health or identify potential causes of abuse/neglect
  6. Why is information about a patient's home life relevant to their social and environ- mental history? It helps understand their daily living conditions and potential stressors
  7. In the context of social and environmental histo- ry, why is it important to know about a patient's care- givers? To understand the level of support and care the patient receives
  8. How does information about a patient's school contribute to their social and environmental history? It provides insight into their social interactions and potential stressors

Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f98zva

  1. When you observe see-saw breathing in a child during inspection, what does that mean? See-saw breathing, also known as paradoxi- cal breathing, in a child is a concerning sign of severe respiratory distress and indicates that the child is struggling to breathe. It is charac- terized by the chest moving inward during in- spiration while the abdomen moves outward, and vice versa during expiration.
  2. What is the primary purpose of palpation in a respiratory examination? To evaluate chest wall movements and identi- fy abnormalities (tactile fremitus)
  3. Why is it important to as- sess chest excursion dur- ing palpation? To evaluate the symmetry and range of chest wall movement
  4. What might a trachea devi- ated to the right indicate? Atelectasis or pleural effusion on the right side (vice versa if the trachea is deviate to the left).
  5. What is the primary purpose of percussion in a respirato- ry examination? To evaluate the resonance of the chest wall and identify abnormalities
  6. Which of the following terms describes the percus- Hyperresonant

Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f98zva sion note heard over a pneu- mothorax?

  1. What percussion note is typically associated with a pleural effusion? Dull

  2. What is the primary purpose of auscultation in a respira- tory examination? To listen for abnormal breath sounds and as- sess lung function

  3. Which term describes a high-pitched, noisy sound heard during inspiration or expiration that indicates up- per airway obstruction? Stridor

  4. Which term describes con- tinuous, musical sounds heard primarily during ex- piration that are typically caused by airway narrowing or partial obstruction? Wheeze

  5. What does assessing oth- er body systems, such as the neurologic system, adenopathy, and eyes, ears, nose, and throat (EENT), help determine in a respira- tory examination? The presence of underlying conditions or in- fections

  6. Assessments of other body systems include:

  7. Cardiac ’ cardiovascular health/abnormali- ties

  8. Abdomen ’ presence of gastrointestinal is- sues

  9. Skin ’ reveal signs of allergic reactions or infections

Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f98zva

  1. What does a "silhouette sign" on a radiograph indi- cate? Pneumonia
  2. What is the interpretation of this pediatric radiograph? Sometimes, a child's thymus can appear on a radiograph and may resemble a pneumoth- orax. However, this is a normal finding on a chest X-ray and not indicative of any abnormal condition.
  3. What are the primary struc- tures to be assessed when evaluating the lungs? Lobes and fissures of the lungs
  4. Which anatomical feature is crucial to observe during in- spiration? Expansion of the chest and movement of the diaphragm
  5. Why is it important to as- sess the trachea and main- stem bronchi during a respi- ratory examination? To ensure there are no obstructions or abnor- malities
  6. Where should the tip of an endotracheal tube be posi- Between the thoracic inlet and the carina

Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f98zva tioned in relation to the tho- racic inlet and carina?

  1. Why is proper positioning of vascular catheters impor- tant? To ensure effective medication delivery and avoid complications
  2. What is the interpretation of this pediatric radiograph? Enlarged tonsils (AW obstruction)
  3. How does croup and epiglottitis look on a pedi- atric radiograph? Frontal (Left) X-ray: Croup Lateral (Right) X-ray: Epiglottitis
  4. What is the interpretation of this pediatric radiograph? A child has swallowed a coin, which is now lodged in the esophagus, potentially causing inflammation in the trachea.
  5. What is the interpretation of this pediatric radiograph? This is a frontal X-ray of an infant with respi- ratory distress syndrome, evident by the char- acteristic ground-glass appearance.

Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f98zva

  1. What is the interpretation of this pediatric radiograph? Group B Streptococcal Pneumonia (small right pleural effusion)

  2. What is the interpretation of this pediatric radiograph? Diaphragmatic hernia is a critical condition where the diaphragm did not develop properly on this child's right side, allowing the gastroin- testinal contents to move up into the chest cavity on that side.

  3. How do you diagnosis di- aphragmatic hernia? Made with a chest x-ray

  4. How do you manage a pa- tient with a congenital di- aphragmatic hernia?

  5. Pulmonary hypertension & hypoplasia are not corrected by surgery

  6. Chest tube placed to gravity

  7. ECMO (buys more treatment time) or NO

Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f98zva

  1. What is the interpretation of this pediatric radiograph? Atelectasis
  2. What is the interpretation of this pediatric radiograph? Pneumonia
  3. What is the interpretation of this pediatric radiograph? Cystic fibrosis
  4. What is the interpretation of this pediatric radiograph? Chest trauma (bilateral air leaks & contusions)
  5. Why are infants considered obligate nasal breathers? Due to their large tongues and relatively smaller oral cavities

Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f98zva

  1. How do you determine the correct ET tube size for a pediatric patient? (Years of Age/4) + 4 Example: 8 Years Old = (8/4) + 4 = 6 mm
  2. What is the traditional rec- ommendation regarding the use of cuffed versus un- cuffed endotracheal tubes in children under 8 years old? Uncuffed tubes are preferred (PALS no longer recommends uncuffed endotracheal tubes)
  3. In what situations might a laryngeal mask airway be used as an alternative to en- dotracheal intubation? In patients with complete laryngeal obstruc- tion
  4. How is the depth of inser- tion for endotracheal tubes calculated in children and infants? Children: Inner diameter of ETT x 3 Infants: (weight in kg) + 6

Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f98zva What are some causes of a difficult airway?

  1. Craniofacial syndromes
  2. Orofacial trauma
  3. Airway infections
  4. Complete laryngeal obstruction
  5. Which of the following is a technique for securing an airway that involves insert- ing the endotracheal tube through the vocal cords? A) Anterior commissure in- tubation B) Flexible fiber-optic intu- bation C) Emergency tracheotomy D) Nasotracheal intubation A) Anterior commissure intubation
  6. Which technique for secur- ing an airway is often used in cases where visualization of the airway is challeng- ing? Flexible fiber-optic intubation
  7. What are some conditions to consider before extubat- ing a patient?
  • If the patient's condition has improved or re- versed back to baseline. -The patient is hemodynamically stable. -The patient is able to breathe spontaneously. -The patient is able to protect their own airway (clear secretions and prevent aspiration).

Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f98zva Why is the high volume low pressure cuff preferred in many cases? It provides an effective seal with minimal pres- sure on the tracheal wall

  1. What is a potential benefit of using a foam cuff in a tra- cheostomy tube? It can conform to the shape of the trachea, reducing the risk of pressure injuries
  2. What is a key strategy in preventing tracheostomy complications? Good training for caregivers
  3. What are some com- mon complications of tra- cheostomies?
  • Plugging of the tube -Accidental dislodgment -Bleeding -Stomal and suprastomal granulation tissue -Tracheal erosion -Suprastomal tracheomalacia
  1. What should be done if there is doubt about a tracheostomy tube's place- ment or condition? Pull it out
  2. What device can be used to help with speech in tra- cheostomy patients? Passey Muir valve
  3. How can caregivers help re- duce the risk of swallow- ing complications in tra- cheostomy patients? Ensuring the tracheostomy tube is properly secured and maintained
  4. Which of the following is a preventive measure against tracheostomy tube plug- ging? Regularly changing the tracheostomy tube, suctioning, and cleaning

Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f98zva What are some criteria for considering decannula- tion? The patient's condition is improved or re- solved, their natural airway is adequate, and patient is able to protect their own airway

  1. What are the decannulation methods?

  2. Immediately remove the tube

  3. Downsize and cap the tube

  4. Extubate after single-stage laryngotracheal reconstruction

  5. When might a patient be ex- tubated after a single-stage laryngotracheal reconstruc- tion? When the airway has been surgically recon- structed and is now adequate

  6. What is the recommended vacuum pressure for suc- tioning neonates? 60 to 80 mm Hg

  7. What is the recommended vacuum pressure for suc- tioning children? 80 to 100 mm Hg

  8. Why is it important to use the appropriate length and size of catheter during suc- tioning? To ensure proper removal of secretions with- out causing damage

  9. What might be instilled into the tracheostomy tube dur- ing suctioning? Saline or other medication, to help remove secretions

  10. What is choanal atresia? Blockage of the nasal passages, common in children born with congenital syndromes

  11. Why is choanal atresia par- ticularly problematic in new- borns? They are obligate nose breathers

Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f98zva

  1. What is treacher-collins syndrome? Treacher Collins syndrome is a condition that affects the development of bones and other tissues of the face. Most affected individuals have underdevel- oped facial bones, particularly the cheek bones, and a very small jaw and chin (microg- nathia).
  2. What is esophageal atre- sia/tracheoesophageal fis- tula? Esophageal Atresia (EA): A congenital condi- tion where the esophagus does not develop properly. In EA, the esophagus ends in a blind pouch instead of connecting to the stomach. Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF): A congeni- tal condition where there is an abnormal con- nection (fistula) between the trachea and the esophagus.
  3. What are the symp- toms associated with esophageal atresia/tra- cheoesophageal fistula in newborns? Drooling, frothing, and bubbling at nose and mouth
  4. What are common symp- toms observed during the first feedings in infants with esophageal atresia/tra- cheoesophageal fistula? Choking, coughing, cyanosis
  5. Chest and abdominal radiographs

Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f98zva How is esophageal atre- sia/tracheoesophageal fis- tula typically diagnosed?

  1. What is the primary treat- ment for esophageal atre- sia/tracheoesophageal fis- tula? Surgery
  2. What are some pos- sible complications fol- lowing surgery for esophageal atresia/tra- cheoesophageal fistula? Recurrent fistula formations, aspiration (lead- ing to pneumonia), and tracheomalacia
  3. What is VACTERAL? Newborns diagnosed with VACTERL associa- tion typically have at least three of these char- acteristic features, although some individuals may have additional associated anomalies.
  4. Which chest wall malforma- tion is the most common, accounting for 90% of cas- es? Pectus excavatum
  5. How is pectus excavatum characterized? Decreased AP diameter with compression of underlying structures