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RRT Study Guide (NBRC) questions with
100% correct answers
Four |vital |functions |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Ventilation Oxygenation Circulation Perfusion Signs |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Objective |information Color, |pulse, |edema Symptoms |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Subjective |information Dyspnea, |pain, |nausea Visual |examination |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔1st |step |in |assessment General |appearance, |sensorum, |chest |movement, |posture, |skin |color Bedside |examination |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔2nd |step |in |assessment Breath |sounds, |vital |signs, |chest |auscultation, |chest |percussion, |past |medical |history, |cap |refill Lab |examination |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔3rd |step |in |assessment
ABG, |CBC, |CXR, |Lytes Special |examination |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔4th |step |in |assessment Urinalysis, |gram |stain, |MIP, |VC Edema |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Excessive |fluid |in |the |tissue Occurs |primarily |in |arms |and |ankles Lasix Clubbing |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Thumb, |first |finger, |and |toes |affected JVD |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Occurs |with |CHF Cap |refill |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Color |should |return |within | 3 |seconds Obtunded |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Drowsy |state |may |decreased |cough |or |gag |reflex ADL |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Activities |of |daily |living Orthopnea |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Difficulty |breathing |except |in |the |upright |position CHF Fick |equation |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔Calculates |cardiac |output |(Qt)
Eupnea |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Normal |respiratory |rate, |depth, |and |rythm 12-20 |breaths/min Cheyne |Stokes |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Gradually |increase |then |decreasing |rate |and |depth |in |a |cycle |lasting |from |30-180 |seconds Biots |respiration |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Increase |RR |and |depth |with |irregular |periods |of |apnea Kussmaul's |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Increased |RR |(>20 |breaths/min), |increased |depth, |irregular | rhythm, |breathing |sounds |labored Diabetic |ketoacidosis Evidence |of |difficult |airway |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Short |receding |mandible Enlarged |tongue |(macroglossia) Ascites |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Accumulation |of |fluid |in |the |abdomen | Caused |by |liver |failure Normal |urine |output |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔ 40 |mL/hr |(approximately | 1 |Liter/day) Normal |Body |temp |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔ 37 ˚ |C |(98.6˚ |F) Normal |PR |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔60-
A |change |of |more |than | 20 |bpm |is |an |adverse |reaction |(call |nurse) Normal |RR |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔12- Normal |BP |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔120/ HTN |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔> |140/ Kussmaul's |sign |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Deep |and |rapid |breathing |pattern |occur |in |patients |with | diabetic |ketoacidosis Hoover's |sign |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Contraction |of |the |flat |diaphragm |that |draws |in |costal | margins Respiratory |alterans |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Diaphragm |and |rib |cage |are |alternatively |expanding Bronchial |breath |sounds |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Occurs |when |lung |density |occurs |and |breath | sounds |are |heard |in |the |peripheral |lung Diminished |breath |sounds |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔When |sound |intensity |is |reduced Wheezes |and |stridor |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Narrowed |airways Crackles |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Secretions CBC |lab |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔RBC: WBC: Leukocytosis |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Excessive |WBC
PCO2: |35-
PO2: |60-
Bicarb: |22- BE: |2- Radiograph |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔Low |density |tissue |(radiolucent)
- |Lung |tissue High |density |tissue |(radiopaque)
- |Bone Computed |tomography |(CT) |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Can |visualize |great |deatail |by |cross-section MRI |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Useful |in |evaluation |of |chest |pathology Advantage |in |vascular |structure |imaging Vt |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔The |volume |of |air |which |moves |in |and |out |of |the |lungs Removes |CO2 |and |replenishes |O Elasticity |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Physical |tendency |for |an |object |to |return |to |an |initial |state |after | deformation |(Hooke's |law) Vital |capcity |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔Preformed |with |a |respirometer Normal: | 70 |ml/kg
Muscle |weakness: |10-15 |ml/kg Maximum |inspiratory |pressure |(MIP) |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Maximum |output |of |the |inspiration | muscle Normal | 10 Vent: |Tidal |volume |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔6-10 |ml/kg |IBW IBW |calculation |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Normal |VT: |6-10 |ml/kg Height: |5' |11" 50+(11x2)= |50+22= | 72 72x6= | 432 72x10= | 720 VT |range |= |432- Vent: |Rate |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔12-18 |bpm Vent: |Trigger |sensitivity |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔1-2 |L/min Vent: |Inspiratory |time |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔0. Vent: |I:E |ratio |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔1:
Increase |in |PeCO2 |or |PetCO2% |would |indicate |what? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Decrease |in | ventilation |(ventilatory |failure) Decrease |in |PeCO2 |or |PetCO2% |would |indicate |what? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Increase |in | ventilation Decreased |perfusion |(pulmonary |embolism, |hypovelemia) True |or |False: |During |CPR |the |PetCO2% |should |decrease |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔F Co-oximeter/hemoximeter |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Normal |COHb: |0-1% COHb |for |smokers: |2-12% CO |poisoning: |>20% More |accurately |measures |COHb |and |O2Hb Trancutaneous |PO2 |and |PCO2 |measurement |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Temp |of |32-43 |C |improves | capillary |blood |flow |(perfusion) Electrode |site |should |be |changed |every | 4 |hrs. If |erythema |occurs |electrode |should |be |moved Calibration |is |done |on |room |air |(PaO2 |= | 150 |torr, |PaCO2 |= | 0 |torr) |and |with |a |zeroing |solution Air |leaks |will |increase |the |TcPO2 |to |read |higher |than |the |PaO There |are | 3 |factors |that |control |blood |pressure |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Heart, |blood, |Vessels
Heart: |BP |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Pump |that |creates |the |BP, |changes |in |the |PR |and |contractility |will |affect |the |BP Decrease |in |contractility |will |decrease |BP Heart: |BP |drugs |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Chronotropic |drugs |(Atropine) |increase |HR B-blockers |or |B-antagonsits |(atenolol, |propranolol, |Labetalol) Blood: |Bp |drugs |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Excessive |fluid |(increase |pressure): |treat |with |diuretics | (lasix) Decreased |fluid |(decrease |pressure): |treat |with |fluids |or |blood |products Vessel: |BP |Drugs |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Vasodialators |(nitroprusside, |hydralazine, |milrinone) ACR |inhibitors |(Lisinopril, |Perindopril, |Captopril, |Enalapril, |Ramipril) Erythema |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Redness |or |blistering |of |the |skin ECG |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔When |electrical |impulse |moves |toward |the |positive |electrode |an | upward |deflection |is |made |on |the |paper Movement |away |from |the |positive |electrode |produces |a |downward |deflection 12 |leads |used: | 6 |limb |leads, | 6 |chest |leads |(10 |electrodes) V1, |V2 |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔4th |intercostal
ECG: |Bradycardia |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Oxygen, |Atropine ECG: |2nd |degree |heart |block |(Mobitz |type |1) |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔PQ |gets |longer |and |longer | until |QRS |is |dropped ECG: |2nd |degree |heart |block |(Mobitz |type |2) |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Random |P |waves ECG: |3rd |degree |heart |block |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔P |and |QRS |waves |are |completely |disjointed | and |random ECG: |Atrial |flutter |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Sawtooth ECG: |Atrial |fibrillation |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔P |wave |quivers |randomly ECG: |Premature |ventricular |contractions |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Oxygen, |Lidocaine, |Amiodarone ECG: |Ventricular |tacycardia |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Pulse |present: |Cardiovert Pulse |absent: |Defibrilate, |CPR Epinephrine, |Amiodarone Pulmonary |artery |pressure |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔25/8 |mmhg |at |rest, | 14 |mean 30 |mmhg |during |exercise |is |a |sign |of |HTN Wedge |pressure |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔
ECG: |Ventricualr |fibrillation |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Completely |irregular Defibrillate, |CPR Epinephrine, |Amiodarone Asystole |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Confirm |in | 2 |leads |first CPR, |Epinephrine Multifocal |PVC |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Oxygen, |Lidocaine, |Amiodarone APGAR |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Airway, |pulse, |grimace, |appearance |and |response
7 |normal ≤6 |abnormal Ischemia |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Reduced |blood |flow |to |the |tissue Inverted |T-wave Injury |is |indicated |with |elevated |ST |segment Infarction |with |significant |Q |waves Perinatal |history |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Pregnancy |history, |age, |smoking |and |substance |abuse, | nutrition, |infection, |HTN/toxemia
One |minute |after |birth, |your |newborn |patient |is |actively |crying |in |response |to |your |bulb |syringe. |His | body |is |pink, |and |he |is |moving |his |extremities |which |are |blue. |His |heart |rate |is |110. |What |is |the | newborns |APGAR |score? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔ 9 Starting |at |which |number |on |the |APGAR |score |should |you |need |to |start |resuscitation |efforts? |- | VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔ 6 Transillumination |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔When |pneumothorax |is |suspected If |+ |for |pneumo |a |light |halo |will |appear |around |the |point |of |contact Infant |normal |HR |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔110- Infant |normal |temp |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔36. Diagnosing |sleep |apnea |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Polysomnogram |(Sleep |lab) L/S |Ratio |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔The |amount |of |Lexithin |and |sphingomyelin |found |in |the |amniotic | fluid
|2:1 |= |Mature |lungs Term |infant |weight |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔>3000g Pre-term |weight |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔1000g |(28 |weeks) Dubowitz |and |Ballard |method |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔Gestational |age 40 |normal
<40 |pre-term
40 |post-term Infant |BGL |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔> Capnography |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔ Sleep |apnea |positional |therapy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Head |of |bed |elevated, |supine |position, |or | lying |in |lateral |position Sleep |apnea |PPV |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔CPAP Bilevel General |appearance |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Age, |height, |weight, |and |nourishment Airway |assessment: |Percussion |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Normal |lungs: |low |pitched |sound, |heard | easily, |(tympanic) Dampend: |Decreased |resonance |(pneumonia, |atelectasis, |tumor) Yellow |or |green |sputum |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Bacterial |infection Brown |sputum |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Smokers, |blood |tinged, |serious |lung |infection Tactile |fremitus |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔Vibrations |created |by |the |vocal |chords |echoing |through |the |chest |wall "99"
Fine: |Oxygen, |PPV, |Lasix Wheeze |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Unilateral: |FBAO |(bronchoscopy) Stridor |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Supraglottic |swelling: |Epiglottitis Subglottic |swelling: |Croup Tx: |Topical |decongestant |(racemic |epinephrine) Heart |sounds: |Abnormal |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Recommend |ehocardiogram BP |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Normal |120/ Systolic: |90-140 |mmHg Diastolic: |60-90 |mmHg Normal |X-ray |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |**✔Hemidiaphragms |are |rounded |(dome-shaped) Right |hemidiaphragm |is |higher |that |the |left |(liver) Trachea |is |midline, |bilateral |radiolucency Sharp |costophrenic |angles Head |of |clavicles |should |be |level
Radiograph |exposure |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Underexposed: |Visualize |the |interverterbral |discs Over |exposed: |Image |will |show |black |lung Lateral |decubitus |position |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Patient |lying |on |the |affected |side Detects |small |pleural |effusions Apical |lordotic |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Top |down/looking |down Position |of |endotracheal |or |tracheostomy |tubes |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Below |the |vocal |chords 2-6 |cm |above |the |carina At |the |level |of |the |aortic |knob |or |aortic |arch Oral |intubation: |Tube |distance |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔21-25 |(low |20's) Nasal |intubation: |Tube |distance |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔26-29 |(high |20's) Continuous |aspiration |of |subglottic |secretions |(CASS) |tubes |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Prevents |VAP A |suction |tube |is |incorporated |just |above |the |cuff Carlen's |tube: |Terminology |- |VERIFIED |ANSWERS |✔Double |lumen |endotracheal |tube Endobronchial |tube A |tube |with |two |independent |lumens |used |for |double |ventilation |of |both |lungs
