Download RRT EXAM QUESTION AND ANSWERS 2025 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
What are the four critical life functions? - correct answers ✅1. ventilation 2.oxygenation
- circulation
- perfusion Which of these life functions is the first priority? - correct answers ✅getting oxygen---> VENTILATION What assessments would determine how well a patient is ventilating? - correct answers ✅Visual assessnt How would the therapist determine if a patient has a problem with oxygenation? - correct answers ✅1. color
- sensorium
- heart rate What information would help the therapist determine if a patient's circulation is adequate? - correct answers ✅1. pulse
- heart rate
What changes would indicate that a patient may not have adequate perfusion? - correct answers ✅1. B/P 2 sensorium
- Temp Explain the differnece between "signs" and "symptoms" and list an example of each. - correct answers ✅1. Signs: Objective, what you see and measure.
- Symptoms: Subjective, what patient says. List the 8 items that are important to examine when reviewing a patient's chart. - correct answers ✅1. Adm Notes
- Occupation
- Smoking Hx
- Allergies
- Signs and symptoms
- Prior surgery
- Vital signs
- Time
- Dosage
- Vital sign before and after treatment What is the normal value for urine output? - correct answers ✅40 mL/hr What findings might indicate that the patient's fluid intake has exceeded his urine output? - correct answers ✅1. Weight gain
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Increase hemodynamic pressures
- Decrease lung compliance Changes in what reading can indicate hydrovolemia? - correct answers ✅Increase CVP >6mmHg Patient interview/history: Define the following terms: - correct answers ✅1. Semi-comatose: responds only to painful stimuli
- Lethargy/somnolence: consider COPD O2 overdose or sleep apnea
- Obtunded: drowsy state, may have decreased cough , gag reflex, aspiration risk. When assessing a patient's orientation to time, place and person, what are some of the factors that could affect the patient's ability to cooperate? - correct answers ✅1. Language difficulties
- Influence of medications
- Hearing loss
- Fear, apprehension, depression, etc Define Activities of Daily Living (ADL) - correct answers ✅the basic tasks of everyday life List six criteria that Activities of Daily Living are based upon, - correct answers ✅1. Bathing
- Eating
- Dressing
- Toilet use
- Transferring
Define Patient Learning Needs. - correct answers ✅Patient education is the process of influencing patient behavior and producing the changes in knowledge attitudes and skills necessary to maintain or improve health. What criteria is a patient's ability to learn based upon? - correct answers ✅1. cultural and religious values
- emotional barriers
- desire and motivation to learn
- physical and cognitive limitations
- language barriers
- age and education level. What criteria is the patient's nutritional status based on? - correct answers ✅1. Review dietary hx a. Usual food intake b. food likes and dislikes c. Appetite
- Note any recent weight loss/gain
Briefly describe the following conditions during inspection of the patient: - correct answers ✅1. Peripheral edema- excessive fluid in the tissue occurs arm and ankles. Pathology - CHF
- Ascites- accumulation fluid in abdomen. Pathology- liver failure
- Clubbing - condition present when the angle of the nail bed and skin increases. Pathology - CF and chronic hypoxemia.
- Venous distention - increase venous distention. Pathology - CHF
- Capillary refill - indication of peripheral circulation Pathology- MAT before ABG
- Diaphoresis - heart failure, state of profuse/heavy sweating, fever, infection , anxiety, nervousness. Pathology - TB Skin Color - correct answers ✅1. Ashen/pallor - decrease in color (abnormal). Indicates - anemia or acute blood loss.
- Erythema - redness of skin. Indicates - capillary congestion , inflammation or infection.
- Cyanosis - blue or blue gray discoloration of skin and mucous membranes. Indicates - hypoxia increase amount of reduced hemooglobin
up 60 secs. Condition Increase intracranial pressure, meningitis, drug overdose.
- Kussmail's - increase RR (over 20 breath/mins) increase depth, irregular rhythm, breathing labored. Condition- DKA, metabolic acidosis, renal failure. Accessory muscle activity: What are the normal muscles of ventilation? - correct answers ✅1. Diaphragm
- External intercostals
- Exhalation is normally passive Accessory muscle activity: What are the accessory muscles are used to increase ventilation? - correct answers ✅1. Intercostal
- Scalene
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Pectoralis major
Accessory muscle activity: What causes hypertrophy of the accessory muscles? - correct answers ✅Increase muscle size occurs with COPD Accessory muscle activity: Wasting away of muscles is also referred to as - correct answers ✅Cachectic Signs of respiratory distress in infants - correct answers ✅Nasal flaring and retractions What is the normal range for a patient's heart rate? - correct answers ✅60-100/mins What term would be used to describe a heart rate of 120/mins? What would this indicate? - correct answers ✅Tachycardia
- Hypoxemia
- Anxiety
- Stress
- Tension pneumothorax
- Neck orthyroid tumors
- Large mediastinal mass What is tactile fremitus? - correct answers ✅Vibration that are felt by the hand on the chest wall What is meant by tenderness? - correct answers ✅Patient's skin may be tender around sutures, chest tubes, bruises, fracture bones and burns, avoid areas of tenderness if possible What is meant by crepitus? What condition is it associated with? - correct answers ✅Bubbles of air under the skin that can be palpated and indicated the presence of subcutaneous emphysema. Percussion Resonant - correct answers ✅Normal air filled lung, hollow sound
Percussion Flat - correct answers ✅Heard over the sternum, muscle or areas of atelectasis Percussion Dull - correct answers ✅Heard over fluid filled organs such as the heart or liver. Pleaural effusion or PNA thudding Percussion Tympanic - correct answers ✅Heard over air filled stomach, drum like sound and heard over lungs indicates increase volume Percussion Hyperresonant - correct answers ✅Found in areas of the lung where pneumothorax or emphysema is present, booming sound What is the difference between vesicular and adventitious breath sounds? - correct answers ✅Vesicular - normal breath sound Adventitious - absent, unequal increase, decrease What is egophony?
Breath sound: Wheeze - correct answers ✅Cause: bronchospam Treatment: Bronchodilator Breath sound: Stridor - correct answers ✅Cause: Upper airways obstruction Treatment: Topical decongestion suction/ bronchoscopy, intubation Breath sound: Pleural friction rub - correct answers ✅Cause: coarse grating or crunching sound Treatment: Steriods, antibiotics Heart sound: First sound (S1) - correct answers ✅Normal closure of mitral and tricuspid valves beginning of ventricular contraction
Heart sound: Second sound (S2) - correct answers ✅Normal and occurs when systole ends, ventricles relax and pulmonic and aortic value close Heart sound: Third sound (S3) - correct answers ✅Abnormal sound may indicate CHF Heart sound: Fourth sound (S4) - correct answers ✅Abnormal sound may indicate cardiac abnormality- myocardial infarction or cardiomegaly Heart sound: Murmur - correct answers ✅Abnormal sound may indicate blood pushed through abnormal opening arterial septal defect or patent ductus arteriousis Heart sound: Bruit - correct answers ✅Abnormal sound may indicate artery or vein blood flow becomes turbulent or flow at abnormal speed What effect would cardiac stress have on blood pressure? - correct answers ✅Increase BP hypoxemia
What condition causes obilteration of the costophrenic angles? - correct answers ✅Pleura Effusion In what pathology is the diaphragm flattened? - correct answers ✅COPD Positions for chest xray - correct answers ✅1. Lateral position- projection right to left or visversa, add 3 dimension viewed AP or PA films
- Lateral decubitus- Patient lying on the affected side (PNA), valuable for detecting small pleural effusions Where should the tip of the endotracheal tube be positioned when viewed on a chest reoentgenogram? - correct answers ✅Below vocal cords above carina 2 or 1 in same level of aortic knob or aortic arch What is the quickest way to determine adequate ventilation following endotracheal intubation? - correct answers ✅Observation and auscultation
Position chest tube - correct answers ✅Pleural space surrounding the lung Position nasogastric and feeding tube - correct answers ✅In the stomach 2-5 cm below the diaphragm Position pulmonary artery catheter - correct answers ✅Right lower lung field Position pacemaker - correct answers ✅right ventricle Position central venous catheter - correct answers ✅Right or left subclavian or jugular vein and rest in vena cava or right atrium of heart What diagnostic test is appropriate for determining an upper airway obstruction in a child? - correct answers ✅Lateral neck xray
