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RRT EXAM QUESTION AND ANSWERS 2025, Exams of Nursing

RRT EXAM QUESTION AND ANSWERS 2025

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2024/2025

Available from 05/18/2025

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RRT EXAM QUESTION AND ANSWERS
2025
What are the four critical life functions? - correct answers✅1.
ventilation
2.oxygenation
3. circulation
4. perfusion
Which of these life functions is the first priority? - correct
answers✅getting oxygen---> VENTILATION
What assessments would determine how well a patient is
ventilating? - correct answers✅Visual assessnt
How would the therapist determine if a patient has a problem
with oxygenation? - correct answers✅1. color
2. sensorium
3. heart rate
What information would help the therapist determine if a
patient's circulation is adequate? - correct answers✅1. pulse
2. heart rate
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What are the four critical life functions? - correct answers ✅1. ventilation 2.oxygenation

  1. circulation
  2. perfusion Which of these life functions is the first priority? - correct answers ✅getting oxygen---> VENTILATION What assessments would determine how well a patient is ventilating? - correct answers ✅Visual assessnt How would the therapist determine if a patient has a problem with oxygenation? - correct answers ✅1. color
  3. sensorium
  4. heart rate What information would help the therapist determine if a patient's circulation is adequate? - correct answers ✅1. pulse
  5. heart rate

What changes would indicate that a patient may not have adequate perfusion? - correct answers ✅1. B/P 2 sensorium

  1. Temp Explain the differnece between "signs" and "symptoms" and list an example of each. - correct answers ✅1. Signs: Objective, what you see and measure.
  2. Symptoms: Subjective, what patient says. List the 8 items that are important to examine when reviewing a patient's chart. - correct answers ✅1. Adm Notes
  3. Occupation
  4. Smoking Hx
  5. Allergies
  6. Signs and symptoms
  7. Prior surgery
  8. Vital signs
  1. Time
  2. Dosage
  3. Vital sign before and after treatment What is the normal value for urine output? - correct answers ✅40 mL/hr What findings might indicate that the patient's fluid intake has exceeded his urine output? - correct answers ✅1. Weight gain
  4. Electrolyte imbalance
  5. Increase hemodynamic pressures
  6. Decrease lung compliance Changes in what reading can indicate hydrovolemia? - correct answers ✅Increase CVP >6mmHg Patient interview/history: Define the following terms: - correct answers ✅1. Semi-comatose: responds only to painful stimuli
  7. Lethargy/somnolence: consider COPD O2 overdose or sleep apnea
  1. Obtunded: drowsy state, may have decreased cough , gag reflex, aspiration risk. When assessing a patient's orientation to time, place and person, what are some of the factors that could affect the patient's ability to cooperate? - correct answers ✅1. Language difficulties
  2. Influence of medications
  3. Hearing loss
  4. Fear, apprehension, depression, etc Define Activities of Daily Living (ADL) - correct answers ✅the basic tasks of everyday life List six criteria that Activities of Daily Living are based upon, - correct answers ✅1. Bathing
  5. Eating
  6. Dressing
  7. Toilet use
  8. Transferring

Define Patient Learning Needs. - correct answers ✅Patient education is the process of influencing patient behavior and producing the changes in knowledge attitudes and skills necessary to maintain or improve health. What criteria is a patient's ability to learn based upon? - correct answers ✅1. cultural and religious values

  1. emotional barriers
  2. desire and motivation to learn
  3. physical and cognitive limitations
  4. language barriers
  5. age and education level. What criteria is the patient's nutritional status based on? - correct answers ✅1. Review dietary hx a. Usual food intake b. food likes and dislikes c. Appetite
  6. Note any recent weight loss/gain

Briefly describe the following conditions during inspection of the patient: - correct answers ✅1. Peripheral edema- excessive fluid in the tissue occurs arm and ankles. Pathology - CHF

  1. Ascites- accumulation fluid in abdomen. Pathology- liver failure
  2. Clubbing - condition present when the angle of the nail bed and skin increases. Pathology - CF and chronic hypoxemia.
  3. Venous distention - increase venous distention. Pathology - CHF
  4. Capillary refill - indication of peripheral circulation Pathology- MAT before ABG
  5. Diaphoresis - heart failure, state of profuse/heavy sweating, fever, infection , anxiety, nervousness. Pathology - TB Skin Color - correct answers ✅1. Ashen/pallor - decrease in color (abnormal). Indicates - anemia or acute blood loss.
  6. Erythema - redness of skin. Indicates - capillary congestion , inflammation or infection.
  7. Cyanosis - blue or blue gray discoloration of skin and mucous membranes. Indicates - hypoxia increase amount of reduced hemooglobin

up 60 secs. Condition Increase intracranial pressure, meningitis, drug overdose.

  1. Kussmail's - increase RR (over 20 breath/mins) increase depth, irregular rhythm, breathing labored. Condition- DKA, metabolic acidosis, renal failure. Accessory muscle activity: What are the normal muscles of ventilation? - correct answers ✅1. Diaphragm
  2. External intercostals
  3. Exhalation is normally passive Accessory muscle activity: What are the accessory muscles are used to increase ventilation? - correct answers ✅1. Intercostal
  4. Scalene
  5. Sternocleidomastoid
  6. Pectoralis major

Accessory muscle activity: What causes hypertrophy of the accessory muscles? - correct answers ✅Increase muscle size occurs with COPD Accessory muscle activity: Wasting away of muscles is also referred to as - correct answers ✅Cachectic Signs of respiratory distress in infants - correct answers ✅Nasal flaring and retractions What is the normal range for a patient's heart rate? - correct answers ✅60-100/mins What term would be used to describe a heart rate of 120/mins? What would this indicate? - correct answers ✅Tachycardia

  1. Hypoxemia
  2. Anxiety
  3. Stress
  1. Tension pneumothorax
  2. Neck orthyroid tumors
  3. Large mediastinal mass What is tactile fremitus? - correct answers ✅Vibration that are felt by the hand on the chest wall What is meant by tenderness? - correct answers ✅Patient's skin may be tender around sutures, chest tubes, bruises, fracture bones and burns, avoid areas of tenderness if possible What is meant by crepitus? What condition is it associated with? - correct answers ✅Bubbles of air under the skin that can be palpated and indicated the presence of subcutaneous emphysema. Percussion Resonant - correct answers ✅Normal air filled lung, hollow sound

Percussion Flat - correct answers ✅Heard over the sternum, muscle or areas of atelectasis Percussion Dull - correct answers ✅Heard over fluid filled organs such as the heart or liver. Pleaural effusion or PNA thudding Percussion Tympanic - correct answers ✅Heard over air filled stomach, drum like sound and heard over lungs indicates increase volume Percussion Hyperresonant - correct answers ✅Found in areas of the lung where pneumothorax or emphysema is present, booming sound What is the difference between vesicular and adventitious breath sounds? - correct answers ✅Vesicular - normal breath sound Adventitious - absent, unequal increase, decrease What is egophony?

Breath sound: Wheeze - correct answers ✅Cause: bronchospam Treatment: Bronchodilator Breath sound: Stridor - correct answers ✅Cause: Upper airways obstruction Treatment: Topical decongestion suction/ bronchoscopy, intubation Breath sound: Pleural friction rub - correct answers ✅Cause: coarse grating or crunching sound Treatment: Steriods, antibiotics Heart sound: First sound (S1) - correct answers ✅Normal closure of mitral and tricuspid valves beginning of ventricular contraction

Heart sound: Second sound (S2) - correct answers ✅Normal and occurs when systole ends, ventricles relax and pulmonic and aortic value close Heart sound: Third sound (S3) - correct answers ✅Abnormal sound may indicate CHF Heart sound: Fourth sound (S4) - correct answers ✅Abnormal sound may indicate cardiac abnormality- myocardial infarction or cardiomegaly Heart sound: Murmur - correct answers ✅Abnormal sound may indicate blood pushed through abnormal opening arterial septal defect or patent ductus arteriousis Heart sound: Bruit - correct answers ✅Abnormal sound may indicate artery or vein blood flow becomes turbulent or flow at abnormal speed What effect would cardiac stress have on blood pressure? - correct answers ✅Increase BP hypoxemia

What condition causes obilteration of the costophrenic angles? - correct answers ✅Pleura Effusion In what pathology is the diaphragm flattened? - correct answers ✅COPD Positions for chest xray - correct answers ✅1. Lateral position- projection right to left or visversa, add 3 dimension viewed AP or PA films

  1. Lateral decubitus- Patient lying on the affected side (PNA), valuable for detecting small pleural effusions Where should the tip of the endotracheal tube be positioned when viewed on a chest reoentgenogram? - correct answers ✅Below vocal cords above carina 2 or 1 in same level of aortic knob or aortic arch What is the quickest way to determine adequate ventilation following endotracheal intubation? - correct answers ✅Observation and auscultation

Position chest tube - correct answers ✅Pleural space surrounding the lung Position nasogastric and feeding tube - correct answers ✅In the stomach 2-5 cm below the diaphragm Position pulmonary artery catheter - correct answers ✅Right lower lung field Position pacemaker - correct answers ✅right ventricle Position central venous catheter - correct answers ✅Right or left subclavian or jugular vein and rest in vena cava or right atrium of heart What diagnostic test is appropriate for determining an upper airway obstruction in a child? - correct answers ✅Lateral neck xray