Download RPSGT EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024/25 UPDATE | 100% CORRECT!! and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
RPSGT EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024/
UPDATE | 100% CORRECT!!
The purpose of an intentional mask leak is to... - Answer Wash out CO2 and prevent rebreathing Recommended guidelines state that HSV can be considered when.... - Answer Cheyne Stokes and central Apneas have not been eliminated. What is aerophagia? - Answer The swallowing of air What is maxillomandibular advancement? - Answer Treatment that involves cutting and advancing the upper and lower jaw bones; enlarging and stabilizing the posterior airway. What is the PRIMARY function of the EPAP setting? - Answer To eliminate desaturations and arousals. According to guidelines, how many Hypopneas need to occur in peds pts prior to increasing pressure? - Answer 1 What are the AASM guidelines for supplemental O2 during PAP studies? - Answer 1lmp during PAP titration when SPO2 is less than or equal to 88% for 5 or more minutes and in the absence of obstructive events. If a pts Apneas are fixed at 10cm, but Hypopneas and snoring still occur at 16cm, what levels of BiLevel should be used? - Answer IPAP: 14 EPAP: 10 Which of the following can reduce the effectiveness of CPAP and why: Nasal spray, Alcohol, Anti depressants. - Answer Alcohol: impairs arousal response which can lead to longer than normal events and severe desats. Inhibits upper airway activity What syndrome would a pt with COPD and OSA have? - Answer Overlap syndrome What are hypoxemia and hypercapnia? - Answer Hypoxemia: very low 02 in the blood Hypercapnia: very high CO2 in the blood. What would a patient with both hypoxemia and hypercapnia most likely be diagnosed with? - Answer Hypoventilation What is an MWT's MOST important use? - Answer Measure patients ability to resist the urge to fall asleep Tricyclic antidepressants, large amounts of caffeine and large amounts of chocolate have been known to trigger what? - Answer REM sleep behavior disorder
Recommended impedance for eeg and eog - Answer 5k ohms The amount of space needed to archive digitized data is MOST impacted by? - Answer Sampling rate Cortical activity is best described as - Answer Spontaneous arousal Calculate the AHI based on the following data 25 obstructive apneas 5 central apneas 23 mixed apneas 15 hypopneas 48 RERAS 65 arousals 360 min of sleep - Answer 11 According to RECOMMENDED guidelines, the minimum duration of a significant leg movement is - Answer. According to RECOMMENDED guidelines, an optional parameter to include in the report for an adult polysomnogram is - Answer Occurrence of hypoventilation during the diagnostic study in adult The respiratory event that requires oxygen desaturation and/ or an arousal as part of the scoring criteria is - Answer Obstructive hypopnea An ECG arrhythmia commonly seen when recording PSG's, particularly in patients that have obstructive sleep apnea and cardiac disease. It can be identified by the morphology of an irregularly irregular ventricular rhythm associated with replacement of consistent P waves by rapid oscillations that vary in size, shape, and timing - Answer Atrial fibrillation The stage that is the greatest portion of the epoch - Answer The stage that is the greatest portion of the epoch What is the best response when a patient asks the technologist if they have sleep apnea and will need to wear a CPAP mask? - Answer Provide the patient with educational material about sleep apnea Which of the following is the MOST LIKELY cause of a 35 minute REM latency - Answer Untreated depression A breathing pattern characterized by at least three cycles of crescendo breathing with duration of at least 10 minutes is - Answer Cheyne Stokes respiration An important responsibility of the scoring tech is to - Answer Confirm accuracy of report components Which type of calibration is based on a series of patient instructions intended to verify the signal response and quality - Answer Physiological
THE MOST COMMON METHOD TO MONITOR BLOOD OXYGEN SATURATION
DURING POLYSOMNOGRAPHY IS - Answer PULSE OXIMETRY THE MOST APPROPRIATE ACTION A TECHNOLOGIST WOULD TAKE WHEN THERE IS CONFIRMED VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA GREATER THAN 30 SECONDS IS - Answer INITIATE EMERGENCY RESPONSE SYSTEM A PATIENT'S CHART INDICATES THAT THEY USE 30 L/MIN OF OXYGEN AT HOME. THE TECH NOTES THAT THE PHYSICIAN'S ORDERS FOR THE PSG SPECIFIES THE STUDY WITHOUT SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN AND TO ADD 1. L/MIN OXYGEN IF THE SATURATION IS LESS THAN 89%. THE BEST ACTION FOR THE TECH IS TO - Answer CALL THE PHYSICIAN FOR CONFIRMATION WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE MOST LIKELY EFFECT OF ZOLPIDEM AND ZALEPLON ON SLEEP ARCHITECTURE - Answer INCREASED SLEEP LATENCY WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BEST DESCRIBES A REFERENTIAL MONTAGE - Answer THERE IS POTENTIAL FOR ELECTRODE CONTAMINATION ACCORDING TO RECOMMENDED GUIDELINES, THE DEVICE THAT SHOULD BE USED TO MONITOR AIRFLOW AND DETECT APNEA DURING A DIAGNOSTIC STUDY IS - Answer ORONASAL THERMAL SENSOR WHICH PROCESS WOULD BE AN ADEQUATE ROUTINE FOR DISINFECTING CUP ELECTRODES AFTER REMOVING ADHESIVE RESIDUE, GEL AND ORGANIC MATERIAL, AND WASHING IN WARM WATER AND MILD DETERGENT - Answer SOAKING IN 1: 10 BLEACH AND WATER FOR 10 MIN. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD BE MOST IMPORTANT TO DOCUMENT DURING A POLYSOMNOGRAM - Answer POSITION CHANGES THE ELECTRODE ARRAY USED FOR RECORDING PHYSIOLOGIC ACTIVITY IS REFERRED TO AS - Answer MONTAGE ACCORDING TO RECOMMENDED GUIDELINES, THE MAXIMUM ELECTRODE IMPEDANCE FOR EEG AND EOG RECORDING IS - Answer 5000 OHMS ACCORDING TO RECOMMENDED GUIDELINES, UNATTENDED PORTABLE MONITORING CAN BE USED AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO IN LAB TESTING WHEN
- Answer THERE IS A HIGH PROBABILITY OF MODERATE TO SEVERE OSA WITHOUT COMORBID CONDITIONS A SELF REPORTING TOOL USED TO EVALUATE SUBJECTIVE SLEEP QUALITY AND DISTURBANCE OVER THE PREVIOUS MONTH IS - Answer PITTSBURGH SLEEP QUALITY INDEX THE MOST APPROPRIATE SETTING A TECHNOLOGIST WOULD USE TO CONTROL THE FREQUENCY BAND OF WAVEFORMS ON A RECORDING IS THE - Answer (LOW FILTER (HIGH PASS FILTER)
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN NEGATIVELY IMPACT ALL BIOELECTRIC
CHANNELS - Answer CONTAMINATED M WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SUBSTANCES CAN REDUCE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PAP THERAPY - Answer ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES A PATIENT THAT INTENTIONALLY ENGAGES IN BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS THAT ARE INCONSISTENT WITH SLEEPING WELL IS DEMONSTRATING - Answer INADEQUATE SLEEP HYGIENE WHAT IS THE BEST TOOL THAT A PHYSICIAN COULD USE TO MORE CLEARLY EXPLAIN THE RESULTS OF THE SLEEP STUDY AND THE IMPORTANCE OF THERAPY TO A PATIENT - Answer HISTOGRAM REAL TIME ACCESS TO PAP COMPLIANCE DATA IS AN EXAMPLE OF - Answer EFFICACY MONITORING A PROCESS TO DECREASE FEAR OF ARTIFICIAL CIRCUMSTANCES BY REPEATED AND CONTROLLED EXPOSURE TO A FEARED SITUATION IS - Answer DESENSITIZATION WHAT HAS THE LARGEST IMPACT ON ADHERENCE TO PAP THERAPY - Answer PATIENT EDUCATION WHICH STATEMENT IS TRUE REGARDING CPAP - Answer THERE IS ONE LEVEL OF PRESSURE FOR INSPIRATION AND EXPIRATION SLEEP DEBT CAN BEST BE DESCRIBED AS THE - Answer CUMULATIVE EFFECT OF INSUFFICIENT SLEEP ACCORDING TO RECOMMENDED GUIDELINES FOR PEDIATRIC CPAP TITRATION, HOW MANY HYPOPNEAS MUST OCCUR PRIOR TO INCREASING PRESSURE - Answer ONE EXCESSIVE WARMING AND HUMIDIFICATION WILL CAUSE - Answer WATER TO POOL IN THE CPAP TUBING MAXILLOMANDIBULAR ADVANCEMENT TREATS OSA BY - Answer ENLARGING AND STABILIZING THE UPPER AIRWAY IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE SLEEP-DISORDERED BREATHING THE MOST COMMONLY SEEN RESPONSE RESULTING FROM SUCCESSFUL PAP TITRATION IS - Answer REM AND SLOW WAVE REBOUND WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS MOST LIKELY TO OCCUR DUE TO AN IMPROPERLY FITTING PAP INTERFACE? - Answer CONJUNCTIVITIS WHEN A PATIENT COMPLAINS OF CLAUSTROPHOBIA, IS UNABLE TO TOLERATE PAP AND REQUESTS TO END THE PSG, THE NEXT BEST STEP IS TO - Answer SCHEDULE DESENSITIZATION
ACCORDING TO RECOMMENDED GUIDELINES, ADAPTIVE SERVO
VENTILATION CAN BE CONSIDERED DURING A TITRATION STUDY WHEN A
DOWN TITRATION - Answer HAS NOT ELIMINATED CHEYNE STOKES RESPIRATION OR CENTRAL EMERGENT APNEAS DURING A TITRATION STUDY THE PATIENTS APNEAS ARE ELIMINATED AT 10 CM H2O BUT HYPOPNEAS AND SNORING CONTINUE AT 16 CM H20. ACCORDING TO RECOMMENDED GUIDELINES, THE APPROPRIATE PRESSURES TO BEGIN A BILEVEL TITRATION ARE - Answer IPAP 10 EPAP 14 DURING A CPAP TITRATION AT 15 CM H20, THE PATIENT IS RESTLESS AND CONTINUES TO HAVE FREQUENT OBSTRUCTIVE RESPIRATORY EVENTS. THE BEST ACTION IS TO - Answer CHANGE TO BI LEVEL DC Channel - Answer PSG channel derived from an external piece of equipment such as a PAP device or oximeter. Stray Capacitance - Answer When electrical signals from external sources interfere w/ signals derived from the pt. Amperes are measured in what units? - Answer Coulombs/second Time Axis - Answer Horizontal positioning of the pen. Common Mode Rejection - Answer The process by which a differential amplifier rejects identical inputs (unwanted signals). Mechanical Baseline - Answer Pen's vertical position when the power to the PSG is turned off. Electrical Baseline - Answer The vertical positioning of the pen w/ power of PSG turned ON. Capnometer - Answer A device used to measure the level of CO2 in a sample of air. Frequency - Answer Measured in hertz(Hz) or cycles/second. Paper Speed for PSG - Answer 10 mm/sec When a pt. looks towards an EOG electrode it causes what? - Answer A positive charge, or downward deflection. Rise Time - Answer Amount of time it takes for a wave to reach 63% of its peak. Sensitivity Setting for EEG Channel - Answer 7uV/mm or 70uV/cm *In pt.'s w/ low amplitude EEGs, the sensitivity can be adjusted to 5uV/mm or 50uV/cm Filter Settings for Respiratory Effort & Airflow - Answer LFF= 0.1Hz HFF= 15Hz
Filter Settings for EOG - Answer LFF= 0.3Hz HFF= 35Hz High Level Disinfection - Answer Used for items that come into contact w/ non-intact skin, blood, and mucous membranes. DO THE NAPS OCCUR EVERY 2 HOURS FROM THE TIME THE PREVIOUS NAP ENDED OR EVERY 2 HOURS ON THE HOU R OR HALF-HOUR? - Answer Every 2 hours on the hour or half hour. HOW LONG BEFORE A NAP BEGINS SHOULD THE SUBJECT CEASE SMOKING? - Answer 30 minutes WHAT EPOCH SIZE IS BEST FOR RECORDING THE "MSLT"? - Answer 30 seconds. A MEAN SLEEP LATENCY OF INDICATES WHAT? - Answer Pathological sleepiness. A normal mean sleep latency is how many minutes? - Answer 10 - 20 minutes How many naps must have unequivocal periods of REM to arrive at a Diagnosis of Narcolepsy? - Answer 2 naps. What is the Narcoleptic Tetrad? - Answer Excessive daytime sleepiness, hypnagogic hallucinations, sleep paralysis, cataplexy. How is the mean sleep latency calculated? - Answer Sum of all latencies, divided by total# of naps. During REM, inhibition of thermoregulatory mechanisms lead to what state? - Answer Poikilothermia. What equation best expresses time constant? - Answer TC= C x R TC=Time Constant C= Capacitance R= Resistance What sleep stage requires at least 20% but no more than 50% of the epoch to consist of wave of 2 cps or slower w/amplitudes greater than 75 uV. - Answer Stage
AN EPOCH THAT DOES NOT MEET THE CRITERIA FOR ACTIVE SLEEP OR QUITE SLEEP IS CALLED WHAT? - Answer Intermediate Sleep TRACE ALTERNANT PATTERN IS ASSOCIATED WITH WHAT STAGE OF SLEEP IN THE INFANT? - Answer Quiet Sleep (NREM Sleep) INFANT BREATHING PATTERNS THAT ALTERNATES REGULAR BREATHING WITH 5-10 SECONDS OF APNEA? - Answer Periodic Breathing.
"Do you feel the need to sleep during the daytime?" "Do you feel drowsy?"---are questions a tech should ask to determine if they are experiencing EDS or Fatigue? - Answer EDS "Do you feel as though you have no energy?" "Do you feel weary or weak?"---are questions a tech should ask to determine if they are experiencing EDS or Fatigue? - Answer Fatigue Stanford Sleepiness Scale - Answer brief assessment used a number of different times a day to determine if people have excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Epworth Sleepiness Scale - Answer evaluates how likely a person is to fall asleep during a number of different activities. The person rates each situation on a scale of 0-3 corresponding to the chance of falling asleep (none, slight, moderate, or high). Sleep-Wake Activity Inventory (SWAI) - Answer Measures a number of different aspects of sleep disorders:excessive daytime sleepiness, nocturnal sleep,relaxing ability,energy, etc.-asks patient to score 9 different statements about sleepiness on a 1-9 scale. (A score of 50 or more is normal, 40-50 suggests EDS, 40 or less indicated EDS. Fatigue Severity Scale - Answer list of nine descriptions related to fatigue; patient scores each statement on a 1-7 scale (strongly disagree to strongly agree). Scores of 9-35=normal; scores above 35 suggest high degree of fatigue. Multiple Sleep Latency Tests (MSLT's) - Answer measure sleepiness during waking hours and the tendency of a person to fall asleep.-may diagnose narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia. MSLT includes how many nap periods with first within 3 hours of nocturnal PSG, and then spaced at 2 hours after preceding nap. - Answer 5 No smoking is allowed within _____ minutes of starting MSLT nap and no strenuous activity within ____ minutes of a nap. - Answer 30; Maintenance of Wakefulness Test - Answer determines patient's ability to stay awake in the daytime. During MWT, patient is placed at rest, sitting in bed with low lights for ___ 40 minute periods spaced at 2 hours. - Answer 4 Tracheostomy - Answer An opening directly into the trachea bypasses the obstruction and opens the airway, but it is invasive and can result in many complications, so it is rarely done.-can be blocked during waking hours and opened during sleep.-usued as last resort usually in elderly or morbidly obese, facial abnormalities etc Higher Sampling Rates are needed to detect seizure activity in infant and child PSG'S. What sampling Rates for EOG AND EMG recordings during psg for seizure
acivity? - Answer greater than or equal to 500 Hz for EOG and greater than or equal to 200 Hz for EMG recording. Initiate Low-Flow Supplemental Oxygen at how many liters per minute when SpO falls below 85% on ambient room air. - Answer 1 liter per minute Monitor SpO2 carefully to ensure it increases to at least __% - Answer 90% Titrate oxygen by slowly increasing the flow rate by . liters per minute at a time until the SpO2 is 90% or more, but do not exceed 4 liters/min. without a physicians order. - Answer 0.5 l/min. Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome occurs when the body mass index is __kg/m2 or more, resulting in impaired respirations,hypoxia, and hypercapnia during sleep. The obesity results in impairment of muscles of muscles of inspiration, restricting the thorax and causing hypoventilation, leading to hypercapnia. - Answer 30 You should begin CPAP when the patient is ready for sleep and start it at the lowest setting, usually _ cm H20 and maintain the low pressure until the patient falls asleep.
- Answer 5 Increase Positive Airway Pressure during CPAP titration by _ cm h20 at a time, usually at 15 minute intervals, and observe effects, including changes in oxygen saturation, EEG,EMG, and ECG. - Answer 1 Ensure that the patient is in what body position during titration for part of the titration period? - Answer supine Respiratory Effort Related Arousal (RERA) - Answer Occurs when the airway narrows during sleep, usually indicated by snoring. Although the constricted airway does not result in apnea or hypopnea, it does cause a brief arousal. For scoring of a RERA, there should be a sequence of respirations indicating increased respiratory effort or flattening of nasal pressure waveforms with a duration of ___ seconds or more. - Answer 10 Hypoventilation - Answer based on PaCO2 scores on awakening and not on persistent desaturation.-the use of other sensors is not considered adequate to determine this. To score Hypoventilation, the PaCO2 level (immediately upon awakening) increases __mm Hg or more as compared to the baseline awake/supine value. - Answer 10 Bruxism - Answer teeth grinding Stages of sleep should be reported in minutes, minutes of latencies, and percentage of - Answer TST
-These Movements may be accompanied by humming. Rhythmic Movement Disorder-scoring - Answer -often occurs in stage wake when the pt is very drowsy or during stage 1. -clusters of 4 or more rhythmic movements. -amplitude of each burst is double background EMG activity. -minimum frequency of 0.5 Hz and maximum frequency of 2.0 Hz. (Video Synchronized with PSG required for diagnosis). Stage 3 non-REM Sleep - Answer -also referred to as Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) or Delta Sleep. -Adolescents have higher percentage of this stage as it is the stage the growth hormone is produced. -pt is easily aroused by external stimuli Stage 3 - Answer 20% of TST; Delta activity of 0.5-2 Hz; stage where parasomnias such as, sleep walking, enuresis, and night terrors occur. This is an example of Cheyne-Stokes Respiration - Answer Example of Central Apnea - Answer Example of Hypopnea - Answer Example of Obstructive Apnea - Answer Pediatric RERAs must be scored with adequate ______ or nasal pressure signals. - Answer esophageal REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) - Answer Requires a PSG and a video, audio, or clinical history of REM occuring without atonia or with excessive muscle activity. - chin and leg EMG may have slightly higher frequency than usual for REM. Score RBD if REM Epoch has __% or more increased cEMG activity and __% or more of excessive transient movement for 10 mini-epochs. -bursts of activity are usually 0.1-5.0 seconds in duration - Answer 50 To score an apnea, it must last __ seconds or more and the thermal sensor must drop at least 90% or more below baseline. - Answer 10 Obstructive - Answer Inspiratory effort continues or increases throughout the apneic period. Central - Answer Inspiratory effort is absent during apneic period. Mixed - Answer Inspiratory effort is absent for the initial apneic period but resumes during the second half of the apneic period. Example of Mixed Apnea - Answer
How many stages does the normal conduction of the heart have? - Answer 4 SA Node - Answer primary pacemaker Purkinje Fibers - Answer stimulate the myocardial cells to contract the ventricles Pediatric Sleep scoring rules apply to children _ months post term or older. - Answer 2 Sleep Spindles occur at - months or older - Answer 2- K complexes and slow-wave activity occur at - months or older - Answer 4- Stages 1, 2, and 3 can be scored in most infants at - months or older. - Answer 5- 6 REM Sleep - Answer occupies about 25% of TST for adults. Dreaming as well as sexual arousal (penile/clitoral erection) most often occurs in what stage of sleep? - Answer REM Non-REM and REM cycles occur about every .-_hours. - Answer 1.5- What sleep stage are sawtooth theta waves most likely to be present? - Answer REM How many seconds of chin activity in REM for it to be scored as an arousal? - Answer 1 Excessive Fragmentary Myoclonus (EFM) - Answer Twitching movements of the fingers, toes, and mouth that may occur in any stage, including wake. To score EFM, activity needs to continue for at least __ minutes of Non-REM sleep with at least 5 EMG potentials per minute. - Answer 20 Pediatric Scoring of Wake uses the __________ _________ _________ rather than the term 'alpha rhythm.' - Answer Dominant Posterior Rhythm (DPR) If there is no reactive alpha waves or age-appropriate DPR, score wake with _________ _____________. - Answer Eye Movements What is the recommended square feet for patient rooms? - Answer 140 Electroencephalogram (EEG) - Answer Measure the electrical activity within the brain through the scalp electrodes to rule out seizure disorders and to determine characteristics of the sleep-wake state. Alpha wave frequency - Answer 8-13 Hz Beta wave frequency - Answer 13-30 Hz
Pulse Oximetry - Answer continuous or intermittent, uses an external oximeter that attaches to the patient's finger (or earlobe) to measure arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), the percentage of hemoglobin that is saturated with oxygen.-also indicates the current heart rate. Normal SpO2 should be over what percent? - Answer 95% ___________ _________ is a common cause of inaccurate SpO2 readings. - Answer Incorrect Position Patient's with ____ may have lower SpO2 values. - Answer COPD Nocturnal PSG - Answer used to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and may be done before MSLT. MSLT - Answer used to diagnose excessive sleepiness (hypersomnia) and narcolepsy during waking hours; done AFTER nocturanl PSG to ensure 6 hours of sleep preceding test. MWT - Answer used to evaluate success of treatment or ability to stay awake during the daytime; does not usually require a nocturnal PSG although it may be indicated for shift workers. (ex: Truck Drivers) EEG electrodes are placed using what measuring system? - Answer 10/ example of the nasion - Answer example of the inion - Answer example of the preauricular points - Answer odd numbers equal what side of the head? (ex: C3) - Answer left even numbers equal what side of the head? (ex: C4) - Answer right Impedance Levels should remain low. How many kilohms is preferrered?----but how many is accepted? - Answer 5; If the impedance level of an electrode is high, the electrode may need to be _______________. - Answer repositioned Bioeletrical Signals - Answer generated by the patient's tissue and motion recorded by surface electrodes Transduced Signals - Answer These derive from sensors that convert action, such as chest wall movement, into electrical signal generated by the sensor instead of the body. Equipment Signals - Answer Sometimes ancillary equipment, such as a carbon dioxide analyzer is used during the PSG. - This equipment, which has seperate
signal displays, outputs, and processing units, may be stand-alone or interfaced with the digital PSG equipment. Physiological bio-calibrations - Answer calibrations performed by the technologist to evaluate signals generated by the patient. - should be repeated at the end of the study to ensure that leads and and sensors remain in the correct position and that the recordings were accurate. macroshock - Answer shock that involves large and quite perceptible currents passing from one external surface area to another rise time constant - Answer time required for pen to reach 63% of signal amplitude fall time constant - Answer time required for a pen to descend to 37% of signal amplitude when a DC calibration signal is applied to an amplifier sleep spindle is how many Hz - Answer 12-14 Hz Active Sleep - Answer REM in the infant How many sleep-onset REM episodes in a series of 5 naps are diagnostic for narcolepsy? - Answer 2 naps lower portion of temporal bone behind ear - Answer mastoid alpha intrusion - Answer term used for a brief superimposition of EEG alpha activity on sleep activities during a stage of sleep An electrode closest to the cornea will register as negative or positive deflection? - Answer positive An electrode closest to the retina will register as a negative or postitive deflection? - Answer negative Resistor - Answer Device used to limit the passage of electrical current Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI) - Answer measures apneas, hypopneas, and RERA's per hour of TST normal sinus rhythm - Answer Regular Rhythm; Rate of 60-100 bpm; P-waves present/up-right before each QRS complex; Time interval same for all beats. REM occupies what percent of sleep in the neonate term - Answer 50% After sleep onset occurs in MSLT, when is the nap terminated? - Answer 15 mins from 1st epoch of sleep Trace Alternant Pattern is associated with what stage of sleep in the infant? - Answer Quiet Sleep
Sleep Architecture - Answer Progression and Distribution of the various sleep stages and their quantitative relationship to each other. 3 potential sources of stray electrical current - Answer *short circuit *leakage current *ground loop What is the minimum paper speed recommended to allow clear visual representation of alpha and sleep spindles? - Answer 10 mm/sec 3 Grounds found in electrical equipment - Answer *Earth (building and power outlets) *Chassis Ground (metal) *Common Connection Ground Ground Loop - Answer undesirable electrical pathway between 2 separate ground connections, resulting in a possible hazard to the patient. A single page of a PSG, typically representing 30 secs of data. - Answer Epoch Reflux is identified in the distal esophagus by a drop in the pH below what? - Answer
Normal Arterial pO2 value - Answer 80-100 mmHg Which class of drugs is known to aggravate Periodic Limb Movements of sleep? - Answer Tricyclic Antidepressants What considerations should be considered when given to the choice of of electrodes used for recording EEG? - Answer Choose a material that has minimum drift of electrode potential and a very long time constant. An amplifier component used for storing an electrical charge - Answer Capacitor NREM in infants is known as - Answer Quiet Sleep Normal mean sleep latency - Answer 10-20 mins Paradoxical Breathing is noted in neonates or infants? - Answer neonates Known as the circadian rhythm pacemaker - Answer suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) If no sleep is noted during MSLT , when is the nap terminated? - Answer 20 mins. after 'lights out.' Referential Derivation - Answer signal obtained by comparing voltages from an exploring electrode to a relatively inactive location Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) - Answer Content of air remaining in the lungs at the end of normal expiration
Other than the EEG, what else is used to differentiate the sleep stages in an infant? - Answer Observed Behavior and Movement Patterns Baseline Sway - Answer undesirable variations in baseline during a recording, usually caused by sweat or movement Arousal - Answer interruption of sleep continuity, identified by an abrupt shift in EEG frequency effect of chronic alcoholism - Answer decreased REM and reduced NREM Delta Sleep Gain - Answer Ratio of output voltage to input voltage, amplifier sensitivity Periodic Breathing most commonly occurs in quiet sleep or active sleep? - Answer Active Device used to convert non-electrical physiologicak activity into electrical signals - Answer Transducer In order to assess the occurrence of REM during the MSLT, the test should continue for how long after the 1st epoch of sleep? - Answer 15 mins The number of waves, or pen deflections, recorded in 1 second - Answer signal frequency Jaw Muscle - Answer Masseter A patient can become the pathway of least resistance and therefore susceptible to shock when what occurs? - Answer when not all equipment attached to patient is connected to a common ground Ultradian Rhythm refers to what period of time - Answer less than 24 hrs Ultradian Rhythm of alternating sleep cycles has a period of how many minutes during infancy? - Answer 30-70 mins Which type of montage is recommended in order to maximize the the voltages recorded during PSG? - Answer Referential montage using contralateral ear references Time Constant - Answer Response time of the polygraph pens in relation to high and low frequency filter settings during a calibration procedure What initial effect does administering supplemental O2 have on the OSA patient? - Answer a significant increase in apnea duration with associated hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis Conductor - Answer Any Material capable of transmitting electrical current
