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ROLE OF TRANSGENDER IN DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY
ASTIK DUBEY
AAWEG CHARITABLE TRUST NGO
MAY 9
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Role of Transgender in development of society, Assignments of Sociology
This article talk about how the transgenders are playing very pivotal role in developing the societies.
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2020/2021
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ROLE OF TRANSGENDER IN DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY
ASTIK DUBEY
AAWEG CHARITABLE TRUST NGO
MAY 9
TABLE OF CONTENT
- ABSTRACT
- RESEARCH PROBLEM
- RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
- HYPOTHESIS
- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- RESEARCH QUESTIONS......................................................................................................................................................
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY
- LITERATURE REVIEW
- PROBLEMS FACED
- CONTRIBUTION
- TRANSGENDERS CONTRIBUTING TO THE SOCIETY:
- OCCUPATION
- EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
- TREND TOWARDS INCLUSION
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATIONS
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
RESEARCH PROBLEM This project aims to understand the role transgender play in the society. What all problems they face in their day to day life. How they live with the notion that even after given the status of Third gender the people are not accepting them as the part of society. This project also focuses on their efforts to uplift themselves and others and how they cope up with them considering stigma. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES To give a brief idea of who transgenders are. To understand the various problems faced by them. To brief about their societal role. To effectively understand the rights and duties they have. To suggest ways to improve and correct the flaws in the present statues. HYPOTHESIS
- Due to social exclusion, third gender people (hijras) are denied access to education and thus contributing less to the society.
- There are many transgender people who didn’t know about their basic rights, thus another why they are contributing less to the society
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The methodology adopted in this research is doctrinal and which is based on primary and secondary sources of data collection. The primary source includes the case laws. On the other hand, materials such as, journals, articles, contemporary books, Internet materials etc, form the secondary sources of data. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. What perception people have about Transgenders accepting their identity?
2. How difficult it was for transgenders to get recognition as Third Gender?
3. How they contribute to specific areas in the society?
4. What is the journey they went through during such process?
5. Who all the people who are contributing to the society?
6. How their participation have a positive effect on the people?
LITERATURE REVIEW Many Researches has been enormously carried out on this area of study all around the globe stressing on the unique character of Hijras identity and their struggle towards equality, freedom of speech and expression revolving around their socioeconomic life with reference to multiple dimension of exclusion within Indian context. Different scholars has attempted to define and explain the nature of problem in their own field. One of the most outstanding literature on Hijras is ““Neither man nor women: The Hijras of India” by Nanda Serena”^1 highlighting the roles of Hijras in association with mother goddess so as to embrace feminism in attaining a special and spiritual figure within the society. In addition it also provides us a deep understanding of who they are and how they wish to identify themselves, giving a clear conception about difference between Trans-man and trans-women. (Nanda, 1990). On the other hand there is another book which showcase the important of trans in our community “ Trans Bodies, Trans Selves: A Resource for the Transgender Community by Laura Erickson-Schroth,”^2 Trans Bodies, Trans Selves is a ground-breaking tool-a detailed, reader-friendly guide for transgender people, with each chapter written by writers of transgender or genderqueer. Inspired by Our Bodies, Ourselves, the iconic and effective compendium written for and by women, Trans Bodies, Trans Selves is widely available to the transgender community, offering authoritative information in an inclusive and respectful manner and showcasing hundreds of prominent experts' collective knowledge base. -- chapter takes the reader through a significant transgender issue such as race, religion, education, medical and surgical change, mental health issues, relationships, sexuality, culture and many more…. THE TRANSGENDER people group in India were a disregarded fragment of the general public and confronted profound and inescapable segregation, in spite of insurance under different arrangements of the Constitution. In April, 2014, Supreme Court in its milestone judgment of NALSA v. Union of India^3 (hereinafter the NALSA judgment) introduced the acknowledgment of different common and political privileges of the transgender network. The beginning of this acknowledgment lies in the affirmation of equivalent worth of each individual and the privilege of decision given to a person which is the indistinguishable piece of human rights. The court while drawing recorded and social importance of transgender gatherings featured the injury experienced by the individuals from this network. The judgment drew a differentiation between the idea of sex and sexual orientation personality, which alludes to an individual self-distinguishing proof as a man, lady, transgender or other recognized classification.
NALSA V. UNION OF INDIA^4
➢ In a landmark judgment, the Supreme Court on created the "third gender" status for hijras or transgenders. Earlier, they were forced to write male or female against their gender.^5 ➢ The SC asked the Centre to treat transgender as socially and economically backward. (^1) SERENA NANDA, NEITHER MAN NOR WOMEN: THE HIJRA OF INDIA (1990). (^2) LAURA ERICKSON-SCHROTH, TRANS BODIES, TRANS SELVES : A RESOURCE FOR THE TRANSGENDER COMMUNITY (2014). (^3) NALSA V. UOI AIR ( 2012 ) S.C. 400. (^4) NALSA V. UOI AIR (2012) S.C. 400. (^5) "INDIA RECOGNISES TRANSGENDER PEOPLE AS THIRD GENDER". THE GUARDIAN. 15 APRIL 2014. RETRIEVED 15 APRIL 2014
➢ The apex court said that transgenders will be allowed admission in educational institutions and given employment on the basis that they belonged to the third gender category^6. ➢ The SC said absence of law recognizing hijras as third gender could not be continued as a ground to discriminate them in availing equal opportunities in education and employment. ➢ This is for the first time that the third gender has got a formal recognition. The third gender people will be considered as OBCs, the SC said. ➢ The SC said they will be given educational and employment. ➢ It said that “section 377 of IPC”^7 is being misused by police and other authorities against them and their sociall and economic condition is far from satisfactory. ➢ The apex court’s judgement provides opportunities to revamp and restructure their educational planning and management as well as change their classroom environment and practices to differentiated learning processes to education inclusive and accommodative of transgender learners. PROBLEMS FACED Transgender people living in our society face many significant obstacles of prejudice, borne both of ignorance and malice. There are many issues that make it difficult to come out as transgender including
- “coming out to parents and explaining being transgender to siblings;
- lack of education or knowledge on being transgender;
- finding one’s identity with little guidance from the usual supports such as parents, teachers, friends, and other role-models;
- finding a style of dress that suits one’s gender and sense of self;
- misinformation and over-sexualization of information found on the internet and social media sites;
- finding safe people and spaces to explore one’s gender identity; and
- access to medical care for daily medical needs and also to assist with transition”^8 The way that our society primarily conceives of gender is inherently exclusionary of trans people, and the consequences are profound. The negative ways that our society views gender affect trans women disproportionately, especially trans women of color. If any remedy is to be made for all of this, the voices of transgender people need to be given priority, and those not affected by these social structures must be willing to admit their own role in them, and be willing to change. One of the important problems transgenders face in the society is lack of social acceptance. Although they have been part of every culture and society in recorded human history, they have only recently become the focus of attention in psychological, medical and social research. (^6) NALSA V. UOI AIR (2012) S.C. 400. (^7) THE INDIAN PENAL CODE, 1860 ACT NO. 377 OF 1860 (^8) ALBERTA CIVIL LIBERTIES, CHALLENGES FOR TRANSGENDER, (http://www.aclrc.com/4-challenges-for-transgender-and-transsexual-youth)
TRANSGENDERS CONTRIBUTING TO THE SOCIETY :
Alan Turning
Considered by numerous individuals to be the "founding father of software engineering," Alan Turing was a British mathematician and researcher who assumed a key job in breaking the code for the Nazi Enigma machine in World War II, aiding no little part in the destruction of Adolf Hitler and the goals of the subsequent world war. Months after he broke the code, as indicated by The Times, the British government captured Turing on the charge of “gross indecency” under the Criminal Law Amendment Act, a similar charge utilized against Oscar Wilde. Turing was chemically castrated after information about his relationship with another man became known. He ended it all two years after the fact. In an emblematic development of expression of remorse, Turing got Royal pardon in 2013.
ELLEN
Ellen supports individuals and families who are confronting troublesome occasions or those she feels should be perceived for their great deeds and diligent work for their networks. Some recent examples include a $10,000 contribution for the wedding of a breast-cancer survivor who relied on The Ellen Show to lift her spirits during chemotherapy treatment and surgery recovery. She inspires people to act on their instincts and make the world a better place: “I don’t think you have to have a talk show to be nice to people, to do what I’m doing. I just think kindness is something that we all should have.” We think she’s spot on! The tools for changing the world are in our hands if we only have the courage to be kind.
Kalki Subramaniam
Kalki Subramaniam is a transgender rights activist, artist, actress, writer, inspirational speaker and entrepreneur from Tamil Nadu.From 2005, Kalki has battled for transgender rights in India. She is known for her creative activism utilizing innovation, craftsmanship, movies and writing as instruments to voice for transgender strengthening. She was one of India's notable campaigners behind the Supreme Court of India's judgment sanctioning transgender identity. In 2009, when a prevalent wedding site dismissed the marital posting of a transgender lady, she accepting it as a test and propelled India's first wedding site for transgender people. The venture was later shut because of absence of money related help. She has made in excess of 12 narrative movies on LGBT rights and has likewise showed up in global narrative movies. In 2010, she prepared numerous oppressed transgender ladies in network news-casting and urged them to make short narrative movies recounting to their very own accounts. Kalki Subramaniam is the founder and director of Sahodari Foundation Recently she was conferred the International Ambassador for Life Title from Trans Amsterdam organization from Netherlands.
Sahodari Foundation
Sahodari Foundation understand what the transgender community needs. Since majority of the trans population in India are school dropouts, Sahodari has designed projects to reach out to those who deserve better lives and empower them using their own skills. Check the Trans Hearts, Walls of Kindness and the Trans Talents Projects to see what difference we make in transpeople lives. See what an organization like Sahodari Foundation with no government or international funding and which is run by a transgender person can do to transform the lives of an invisible community in India.
Mia Yamamoto
Mia identified as trans long before she began presenting as feminine in her 50s. Being exposed to the dangers of trans life in the 20th century and enduring the toxic masculinity of the military may have slowed Mia’s personal coming out, but it did not prevent her from supporting trans people in her capacity as a leading criminal defense attorney. For years, holding her transness deep within, she selflessly sacrificed her own authenticity to better serve marginalized individuals navigating the legal system and the prison industrial complex^9
Sarah McBride
Sarah McBride is an American transgender rights activist. She is currently the National Press Secretary of the Human Rights Campaign. McBride is largely credited with the passage of legislation in Delaware banning discrimination on the basis of gender identity in employment, housing, insurance, and public accommodations. In July 2016, she was a speaker at the Democratic National Convention, becoming the first openly transgender person to address a major party convention in American history
Akkai Padmashali
From working as a sex worker to her accomplishments pile up pretty high, as she was invited by the President to attend the Chief Justice of India’s swearing-in ceremony, and founded and currently leads the organization ‘Ondede’, meaning convergence in Kannada, striving to create awareness about sexual diversity, and the right to choose one’s sexual identity for oneself. Today, she stands as a vocal transgender rights activist, and has become an extremely respected household name in Bengaluru.
Laxmi Narayan Tripathi
Laxmi Narayan Tripathi, has made it her main goal to fill this quiet. As India thought about HIV during the 1990s, she was perhaps the most punctual extremist to request that the administration's enemies of AIDS program incorporate hijras as a particular class. Tripathi first went outside India in 2006 to go to the World (^9) UNDERSTANDING TRANSGENDER RIGHTS, (www.advocate.com)
Fergusson school in Pune have recognized third sex understudies yet colleges like IIMS, Symbiosis and many are yet in predicament. TREND TOWARDS INCLUSION Transgenders have made significant social and legal gains in spite of the fact that they continue to face discrimination. There have been many positive developments in Tamil Nadu in the last five years and the community of transgenders has won major battles for inclusion, notable among which is a special ‘third gender’ category for transgenders on ration cards (identity documents). Tamil Nadu has also taken affirmative action to achieve equality by reserving seats for third-gender students in government-owned arts and science to third- gender people with the appropriate gender category. The state government also gives subsidy to all those transgenders who wish to undergo surgical treatment for change of sex. In November 2009, transgenders won the right to be listed as ‘other’ rather than ‘male’ or ‘female’ on electoral rolls and voter identity cards. Transgenders' addition in the census of 2011 in the 'others' category is hailed by the community members and activists as a recognition which, they hope, will inch the "faceless people" closer to other basic rights like voting and crimes against them being registered. (^11) The Karnataka government has passed a resolution entitling them to 15% reservations under the 2A category of the Backward Class Commission. National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) has included the transgender in the definition of marginalised groups entitling them to avail of free legal aid. However, there are many challenges from within the community. The prevailing guru-chela system prevalent in the community has often proved to be an obstacle for juniors seeking opportunities for a better life. Senior community members have been slow in taking the lead. However, there are many challenges from within the community. The prevailing guru-chela system prevalent in the community has often proved to be an obstacle for juniors seeking opportunities for a better life. Senior community members have been slow in taking the lead. (^11) TIRATHANKAR DAS, BANGLADESH FIRST TRANSWOMEN LAWYER, (www.youthkiawaaz.com)
CONCLUSION Transgender people have contributed to society throughout history. We continue to contribute every single day. Just the same as anyone else has or does. We fill the same roles in society. We’re mothers. We’re fathers, sisters, brothers, aunts, uncles, grandparents. We’re law enforcement, firefighters, soldiers, business men and women, EMTs, doctors, nurses, engineers, researchers, public servants, authors, teachers. Pretty much every job done by people who aren’t trans is also done by those who are. As members of society, transgender people have duties and responsibilities and contribute to society, the same way as any other individual. For example, they help other people, such as donating blood to help injured or unhealthy people; they contribute to the civic society, such as voting in electio ns, paying taxes or abiding by the law. The lack of legal gender recognition restricts their ability to fully contribute to and participate in society, such as the difficulty of a transgender person to vote as their gender identity does not match the gender title on legal document. The achievement of legal gender recognition is, therefore, crucial for transgender people to fully enjoy all human rights and become active members of society. We need support from the cis gender community as well. I want it to reach the level where everyone can talk about trans rights and no one would assume and say that person is gay or trans. In order to provide equality to Hijras, efforts has been made by several NGO and some state government within the country so as to empower and give equal their rights to them. Due to this, schemes like welfare schemes, Transgender policy etc has been introduced to protect them from exploitations, deprivations and social exclusions within the county. With this effort, few development a nd changes can be seen in sectors like film industry, corporate, private and some government jobs. However, many times most researchers fail to highlight the impact of relationship with regards to their identity, which can enhance a sense of security, belongings and confidence with the other groups (mass). In addition, which can be a positive factor for bringing peace within the society that can contributes towards living a solidarity and harmony life and if could achieved than it would be one of the greatest achievement towards humankind where equality speaks for all.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
- “UN: General Assembly to Address Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity.” Human Rights Watch, 6 Apr. 2009, www.hrw.org/news/2008/12/11/un-general-assembly-address-sexual- orientation-and-gender-identity.
- Desk, India Today Web. “8 Indian Transgender People Who Were the Firsts in Their Fields.” India Today, 4 July 2018, www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/list-of- transgenders-firsts-who-made-itbig-in-their-fields- 1276415 - 2018 - 07 - 03.
- The Advocate Mag. “These 48 Trans Women and Men Changed the World.” ADVOCATE, Advocate.com, 20 Nov. 2014, www.advocate.com/politics/transgender/2014/11/20/these- 48 - trans-women-and-men-changed-world.
- “News: India News, Latest Bollywood News, Sports News, Business & Political News, National & International News: Times of India.” The Times of India, timesofindia.indiatimes.com/