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Hazard
anything that can cause injury, death, disease, damage to private/public property, or the deterioration/destruction of environmental components or systems. TERM 2
Risk
DEFINITION 2 the probability that suffering damage as a result of exposure to a hazard TERM 3
Risk Assessment
DEFINITION 3 the estimation of risk assoicated with an activity or exposure TERM 4
comparative Risk Assesment
DEFINITION 4 the estimation of the risk assoicated with an activity or exposure TERM 5
Risk Management
DEFINITION 5 management of risk
Risk Communication
how the risk is communicated to those potentially impacted by the risk exposure. TERM 7
Risk-Benefit Analysis
DEFINITION 7 The evaluation of the risk compaed to the potential advantage of exposure. TERM 8
Morbidity
DEFINITION 8 incidence of disease in a population TERM 9
Mortality
DEFINITION 9 incidence of death in a population TERM 10
Epidemiology
DEFINITION 10 the study of presence, distribution, and control of disease in a population Non-Threshold Response-- The belief that any exposure to a risk is too great and should be avoided
LD50/LC
Lethal Dose?Lethal Concentration sufficient to kill 50% of an animal test population. The lower values the greater the toxicity of the chemical. TERM 17
Active Transport
DEFINITION 17 only those materials that are absolutely essential for life are brough into an organism with the expenditure of energy TERM 18
Passive Transport
DEFINITION 18 the entry of non- essential materials into an organism without the expenditure of energy TERM 19
Rate of Chemical Absorption
DEFINITION 19 the rate at which a chemical enters an organism for distribution throughout the organism. The rate varies with route of entry, physical state, or chemical state the entering chemical. TERM 20
Acute
Toxicity
DEFINITION 20 An immediate observalbe response to chemical exposure
Chronic
Toxicity
Long term exposure at levels insufficient to cause an acute response. The prolonged exposure over 15+ years results in a irreversible toxicity. TERM 22
Sensitization
DEFINITION 22 repeated exposure to a chemical results in a physiological response. If the exposure stops the response stops. Howerver, virually any exposure in the future triggers the response. TERM 23
Olefactory Fatigue
DEFINITION 23 repeated exposure to an chemical odor results in an individual's loss in recognition of the odor at the typical exposure levels. Only exposure to the chemical odor at higher levels triggers a olfactory response. TERM 24
Earthquakes
DEFINITION 24 violent shaking of the earth's cruse caused by plate tectonics. earthquakes intensity is measured by the Richter Scale with a one point change indicating a tenfold increase in the movement significant damage occurs with a Ricter scale value of 5 or greater. TERM 25
Earthquakes Focus Point
DEFINITION 25 exact location where plate stress is released
Hurricanes/Cclones
very large low pressure systems typically originating in between the equator and 30 degrees N. Latitude. Violent sustained winds, large waves and storm surges. Measured by the Saffin Simpson Scale (l-V with V being the strongest) TERM 32
Hurricane/Cyclone Storm Surge
DEFINITION 32 hurricanes/cyclones push a large volue of water in front of the system. This typically causes sea level to rise temporarily many feet. A storm surge at high tide is extremely dangerous. TERM 33
Tornadoes
DEFINITION 33 cyclonic winds associated with severe thunderstorms know as supercells warming of an approaching tornado is limited. Tornadoes vary in size intensity. The intensity of a tornado is measured by the Fuita Scale. TERM 34
Will technology benefit one group of people
and place another at risk?
DEFINITION 34 In a capitalist based economy money talks. Generally the economically disadvantaged are exposed to the risk. Where are toxic waste landfills? Resort communities of the well off or economically distressed regions with high unemployment TERM 35
Should assessment emphasize short or long
term risk or both
DEFINITION 35 Usually short term risks have a high potential to cause damage. However long term risks generally do not elicit a significant human response until too late. Which is the greater risk, dying from ingestion of a large quantity of arsenic or dying from cancer caused by low level arsenic exposure, or should any exposure or arsenic be a concern
Who should risk assessment or risk benefit
analysis?
If you have spent considerable capital in the development of a product that has the potential of risk are you likely to have a tainted opinion of the risk? Risk-benefit analysis should be obtained from an independent organization. TERM 37
Who should review risk assessments?
DEFINITION 37 Risk-benefit analysis should be obtained and reviewedfrom an independent organization TERM 38
Should the emphasis be on eliminating the
risk rather than assessing the risk?
DEFINITION 38 The overwhelming majority of federal funds allocated to risk assessment are for risk management rather than risk reduction. No part of the risk management paradigm is needed if the risk does not exist. Misaligned priorities? TERM 39
Risk Perceptions of high risk
DEFINITION 39
- If it is fairly new or complex rather than familiar- It is mostly involuntary instead of voluntary - It is viewed as unnecessary rather than necessary - It involves an unfair distribution of risk- It is poorly communicated - It involves a large well publicized death toll from a single catastrophic accident rather than the same or larger death toll over a longer period of time
