Download BIO202 Final Exam Review: Alimentary Canal, Renal System & Reproduction and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
Rio | Salado | BIO202 | Final | Exam | with |
accurate | solutions
Alimentary | canal | - | Correct | answer | ✔mouth, | pharynx, | esophagus, | stomach, | small | intestine, | large | intestine Accessory | digestive | organs | - | Correct | answer | ✔teeth, | tongue, | gallbladder, | salivary | glands, | liver, | pancreas How | many | teeth | do | human | adults | have? | - | Correct | answer | ✔ 32 What | teeth | are | most | effective | in | chewing? | - | Correct | answer | ✔molars Mastication | - | Correct | answer | ✔chewing Deglutition | - | Correct | answer | ✔swallowing What | is | the | name | for | the | part | of | the | mouth | that | your | tongue | presses | against | when | swallowing? | - | Correct | answer | ✔hard | palate Where | does | the | small | intestine | extend | from? | - | Correct | answer | ✔pyloric | sphincter | to | the | illeocecal | valve
Microvilli | - | Correct | answer | ✔increase | surface | area | of | the | small | intestine | for | nutrient | absorption What | do | chief | cells | produce? | - | Correct | answer | ✔Pepsinogen Segmentation | - | Correct | answer | ✔mixes | food | with | digestive | juices | and | increases | the | efficiency | of | absorption | by | repeatedly | moving | different | parts | of | the | food | mass | over | the | intestinal | wall Absorption | - | Correct | answer | ✔passage | of | digested | end | products | from | the | lumen | of | the | GI | tract | through | the | mucosal | cells | by | active | or | passive | transport | into | the | blood | or | lymph; | small | intestine | is | the | major | absorptive | site Defecation | - | Correct | answer | ✔eliminates | indigestible | substancese | from | the | body | via | the | anus | in | the | form | of | feces What | are | the | controls | of | the | digestive | system? | - | Correct | answer | ✔extrinsic | and | intrinsic What | extends | from | each | kidney? | - | Correct | answer | ✔a | ureter Renal | pyramids | - | Correct | answer | ✔cone | shaped | section | in | the | medulla | section | of | the | kidney
Collecting | duct | - | Correct | answer | ✔structure | that | conveys | the | processed | filtrate | (urine) | to | the | renal | pelvis Peritubular | capillaries | - | Correct | answer | ✔blood | supply | that | directly | receives | substances | from | the | tubular | cells Glomerular | capsule | - | Correct | answer | ✔its | inner | (visceral) | membrane | forms | part | of | the | filtration | membrane Trace | the | anatomical | pathway | from | the | glomerular | capsule | to | the | urethra | - | Correct | answer | ✔Glomerular | capsule | --> | proximal | convoluted | tubule | --> | loop | of | henle | distal | convoluted | tubule | --> | collecting | tubule | --> | papillary | duct | --> | minor | calyx | --> | major | calyx | --> | renal | pelvis | --> | ureter | --> | bladder | --> | urethra Is | the | capillary | bed | high | or | low | pressure? | Why? | - | Correct | answer | ✔High- pressure | because | it | is | both | fed | and | drained | by | arterioles | and | the | afferent | arteriole | has | a | larger | diameter | than | the | efferent | arteriole Tubular | secretion | - | Correct | answer | ✔process | of | moving | substances | from | the | tubule | cells | of | from | the | peritubular | capillary | blood | into | the | tubule | filtrate Renal | capsule | - | Correct | answer | ✔smooth | membrane; | tightly | adherent | to | the | kidney | surface
Medulla | - | Correct | answer | ✔portion | of | the | kidney | containing | mostly | collecting | ducts Cortex | - | Correct | answer | ✔portion | of | the | kidney | containing | the | bulk | of | the | nephron | structures; | superficial | region | of | kidney | tissue Renal | pelvis | - | Correct | answer | ✔basinlike | area | of | the | kidney, | continuous | with | the | ureter Minor | calyx | - | Correct | answer | ✔a | cup-shaped | extension | of | the | pelvis | that | encircles | the | apex | of | a | pyramid Renal | column | - | Correct | answer | ✔area | of | cortical | tissue | running | between | the | medullary | pyramids How | much | of | the | total | ECF | electrolyte | concentration | is | NaCl? | - | Correct | answer | ✔93% Are | cellular | membranes | permeable | or | impermeable | to | Na+? | - | Correct | answer | ✔impermeable How | does | Na+ | cross | the | cellular | membrane? | - | Correct | answer | ✔it's | actively | pumped | against | its | electrochemical | gradient
What | surrounds | the | seminiferous | tubules? | - | Correct | answer | ✔interstitial | cells | that | produce | testosterone Where | do | the | seminiferous | tubules | lead? | - | Correct | answer | ✔rete | testes What | is | the | sequence | of | events | of | spermatogenesis? | - | Correct | answer | ✔primary | spermatocyte | generated | by | the | first | phase | undergoes | meiosis | I, | forming | a | secondary | spermatocyte, | second | spermatocyte | continue | on | to | meiosis | II | and | form | spermatids, | spermatids | then | shed | their | cytoplasm | and | form | a | tail What | phase | is | where | implantation | of | the | embryo | occurs? | - | Correct | answer | ✔secretory | phase Fertilization | - | Correct | answer | ✔process | of | forming | a | fertilized | egg What | are | the | mechanisms | involved | in | human | egg | fertilization | that | decrease | the | chances | of | polyspermy | occurring? | - | Correct | answer | ✔Zonal | inhibiting | proteins | (ZIPs) | destroy | sperm | receptors, | preventing | further | sperm | entry Implantation | of | fetus | - | Correct | answer | ✔Trophoblast | cells | overlaying | the | inner | cell | mass | adhere | to | the | endometrium; | trophoblast | cells | secrete | enzymes | that | erode | the | endometrial | lining | to | reach | the | vascular | supply | beneath | it
Process | of | gastrulation | and | its | consequences | - | Correct | answer | ✔involves | the | migration, | movement | and | rearrangement | of | embryonic | cells, | so | that | a | three- layer | embryo | (three | primary | germ | layers) | is | formed What | hormones | do | fetal | cells | produce | and | what | do | they | do? | - | Correct | answer | ✔prostaglandins | and | oxytocin; | increasing | levels | initiate | another | positive | feedback | mechanism | that | initiates | labor Lactation | - | Correct | answer | ✔production | of | milk | from | the | mammary | glands What | hormones | drive | the | process | of | the | breasts | changing? | - | Correct | answer | ✔estrogen, | progesterone, | lactogen What | stimulates | milk | production | post-birth? | - | Correct | answer | ✔sucking | of | the | nipples | which | is | mechanical | stimulation What | does | the | mechanical | stimulation | of | milk | production | stimulate? | - | Correct | answer | ✔the | posterior | pituitary | to | secrete | prolactin | releasing | hormone | and | oxytocin What | does | prolactin | releasing | hormone | (PRH) | do? | - | Correct | answer | ✔stimulates | the | release | of | prolactin | from | the | anterior | pituitary, | which | stimulate | milk | production What | does | oxytocin | do? | - | Correct | answer | ✔cause | the | myoepithelial | cells | to | contract
Inner | cell | mass | - | Correct | answer | ✔produces | embryonic | body; | produces | the | amnion, | yolk | sac, | and | allantosis Trophoblast | - | Correct | answer | ✔becomes | the | chorion | and | cooperates | with | the | uterine | tissue | to | form | the | placenta Allantois | - | Correct | answer | ✔an | embryonic | membrane | that | provides | the | structural | basis | for | the | body | stalk | or | umbilical | cord Skeletal | muscle | develops | from... | - | Correct | answer | ✔mesoderm Skeleton | muscle | develops | from... | - | Correct | answer | ✔mesoderm Lining | of | the | gut | muscle | develops | from... | - | Correct | answer | ✔endoderm Respiratory | mucosa | muscle | develops | from... | - | Correct | answer | ✔endoderm Circulatory | system | muscle | develops | from... | - | Correct | answer | ✔mesoderm Epidermis | of | skin | muscle | develops | from... | - | Correct | answer | ✔ectoderm Nervous | system | muscle | develops | from... | - | Correct | answer | ✔ectoderm
Serosa | membrane | muscle | develops | from... | - | Correct | answer | ✔mesdoerm Liver | and | pancreas | muscle | develops | from... | - | Correct | answer | ✔endoderm When | does | the | human | embryo | come | be | called | a | fetus? | - | Correct | answer | ✔the | ninth | week What | is | tissue | origin | of | the | placenta? | - | Correct | answer | ✔both | fetal | and | maternal Zygote | - | Correct | answer | ✔fertilized | egg Functions | of | the | placenta | - | Correct | answer | ✔provides | nutrients | and | oxygen | to | the | fetus, | removes | fetal | wastes, | and | produces | the | hormones | of | pregnancy Where | in | the | human | uterus | do | implantation | and | placentation | ordinarily | occur? | - | Correct | answer | ✔high | in | the | uterus What | is | the | importance | of | cleavage | in | embryonic | development? | - | Correct | answer | ✔it | provides | a | large | number | of | smaller | cells | for | morphogenesis; | during | cleavage, | there | are | no | intervening | growth | periods | between | the | successive | divisions; | the | cells | get | smaller | and | smaller, | but | the | embryonic | mass | remains | essentially | the | same | size; | cell | growth | between | divisions | are | short
What | is | the | function | of | gastrin? | - | Correct | answer | ✔plays | essential | roles | in | regulating | stomach | secretion | and | motility Trigone | - | Correct | answer | ✔smooth, | triangular | region | of | the | bladder | base | outlined | by | three | opening; | important | clinically | because | infections | tend | to | persist | in | this | region What | is | the | function | of | GnRH | in | males? | - | Correct | answer | ✔controls | the | release | of | the | two | anterior | pituitary | gonadotropins: | FSH | and | LH What | is | the | function | of | FSH | in | males? | - | Correct | answer | ✔stimulates | spermatogenesis | indirectly | by | stimulating | the | sustentacular | cells | to | release | ABP; | makes | the | cells | receptive | to | testosterone's | stimulatory | effects What | is | the | function | of | ABP | in | males? | - | Correct | answer | ✔prompts | the | spermatogenic | cells | to | bind | and | concentrate | testosterone, | which | in | turn | stimulates | spermatogenesis What | is | the | purpose | of | LH | in | males? | - | Correct | answer | ✔binds | to | interstitial | cells, | prodding | them | to | secrete | testosterone What | is | the | mons | pubis? | - | Correct | answer | ✔fatty, | rounded | area | overlying | the | pubic | symphysis What | is | the | purpose | of | GnRH | in | females? | - | Correct | answer | ✔stimulate | increased | production | and | release | of | FSH | and | LH | by | the | anterior | pituitary
What | is | the | purpose | of | FSH | in | females? | - | Correct | answer | ✔exerts | its | main | effects | on | the | follicle | cells What | is | the | purpose | LH | in | females? | - | Correct | answer | ✔targets | the | thecal | cells | and | prods | them | to | produce | androgens What | does | the | LH | surge | in | females | do? | - | Correct | answer | ✔stimulates | the | primary | oocyte | of | the | dominany | follice | to | complete | the | first | meiotic | division; | triggers | ovulation; | transforms | ruptured | follicles | into | corpus | luteum What | hormone | causes | the | let-down | reflex | in | lactation? | - | Correct | answer | ✔Oxytocin What | is | hPL | responsible | for? | - | Correct | answer | ✔preparation | of | the | breasts | for | lactation What | is | hCL | responsible | for? | - | Correct | answer | ✔increase | in | maternal | metabolism | to | meet | the | demands | of | both | the | mother | and | growing | fetus | during | pregnancy What | hormone | prevents | the | endometrium | from | sloughing | off | after | implantation | - | Correct | answer | ✔hCG
