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Rights-of-way Pest Management
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is the use of all available tactics or strategies to manage pests so that acceptable control can be achieved. Integrated Pest management why must weeds and woody plants be managed on right of way? safety, access to facilities, decrease in maintenance costs, wildlife. the first component of an effective pest management program is pest identification. true When identifying the pest, what other information should be collected about the pest? pest life cycles, physiology, reproductive potential, and past control results List several examples of different sites that might have site specific requirements urban, suburban, rural areas, dry upland, wetlands, popular tourist, scenic areas, recreation areas. Why should you monitor your control strategies? what information should be recorded? adjustments can be made when necessary. Records should include rate for any pesticides applied, identification of equipment
list four categories of control methods. biological, cultural, mechanical, chemical control how does shading work as a cultural control? where is it often used? floats of black plastic on water, adding dye to water. aquatic weed control. how have public attitudes changed about vegetation and its control in rights- ofway? more selective approach is being used in terms of what plants are bad. Why is it important to protect wetlands? wildlife habitat, minimize bank and shorline erosion along rivers and lakes. Four stages of weed development and briefly describe each. Seedling, vegetative, seed production, maturity list three plant types and briefly describe each annual, biennials, perennials what is the difference between a monocot and dicot plant monocots - only one leaf on seedlings and veins run parallel. fibrous root system. Dicots - two leaves as they emerge from the seed, net like venation. taproot Grasses may be annual or perennial true How does a sedge differ from a grass triangular stems. SEDGES HAVE EDGES! all actively growing broadleaf plants have ___________ at the end of each stem and in each leaf axil. exposed growing points. (terminal bud) and (auxiliary buds) trees are annual plants? false how do ferns reproduce? Spores and creeping rhizomes.
cattails must have their leaves and flower spikes above water to survive? true. Root-absorbed herbicides are generally more effective when applied postemergence. true What is the difference between a contact and systemic herbicide? contact kill only the green parts of the plant systemic herbicides move throughout the plant Temperature, moisture, soil type and rate of application influence the persistence of herbicide true What is temperature inversion and how can it affect pesticide drift? ground air two to five degrees cooler than the air above it. may result in the smallest spray droplets remaining suspended as a dense cloud in a layer of undisturbed air. what is the difference between a selective and non-selective herbicide? selective - large area, control for many years, right of ways. non-selective - spot treatments, not meant for long term control, public areas, parking lots, guardrails. If a plant's growing points are below the soil surface, which type of herbicide will provide better control: contact or systemic? systemic How can plant leaf shape affect herbicidal action? broad leaves hold herbicide longer, herbicide will run or bounce off narrow, upright leaves. which is more susceptible to herbicides: seedlings or mature plants? seedlings
what is the difference between conventional basal spraying and low volume basal spraying? low volume uses a herbicide mixture made to conserve the amount of carrier applied per stem. In low volume basal spraying stems are completely encircled and wet to rundown. false. what are the advantages and disadvantages of granular and pellet applications? good for small areas broadcast applications can cause damage to nontarget vegetation. what are "spotgun" applications? hand held or backpack sprayer that delivers a premeasured dose of concentrated herbicide to the base of target vegetation. "stump spraying" and "hack and squirt" are names for cut surface herbicide treatments. false not called stump spraying. what are the most common mistakes made by applications using cut surface herbicide treatments. applying too much chemical to the cut surface, making improper frilling or girdling cuts. non-selective chemical must have moisture to enter plant root system? true
if you want to completely kill existing vegetation and immediately replant with ornamentals, you should use a, _________ herbicide that is short lived in the soil. systemic when are the best results from soil residual herbicides achieved? early spring before the weeds emerge or when they are small. Which group of growth regulators inhibits production of plant hormones that control cell elongation? gibberellin which group of growth regulators accelerates cell growth and reproduction? auxin growth regulators are not pesticides and therefore are not regulated by FIFRA. False Because most gibberellin inhibitors are formulated with an alcohol carrier, trunk injection in the northern US should only take place between ________ and __________. bud break in spring to leaf drop in fall.
why are treatment rates crucial when applying growth regulators? whether the chemical acts as a regulator or a lethal herbicide often is determined by only small changes in rate. indications of soil insect problems. yellowing of leaves, dying branches. lawns, row crops or wild grasses are usually attacked by these grubs.
