Download Understanding Data Protection and Network Security: A Comprehensive Guide and more Quizzes Software Development Methodologies in PDF only on Docsity!
An Invoice
A document issued by a seller to a buyer relating to a sale
Indicates the products quantities & agreed prices
A Bill
TERM 2
Invoicing System Characteristics
DEFINITION 2
Characteristics
Stores details about: Products,customers,past invoices
Produce quotations for products and services
Produce an invoice based on an order
Send automatic reminders to customers for payment
Send payment receipts to customers
Record payments against invoices
TERM 3
Booking System
DEFINITION 3
Customer can select product/flight/holiday required
Select the date and time
Check Availability
Check Price
Can change options
Make a credit/debit card payment
System stores customer/product details
Data can be used by company
TERM 4
Route Finding Systems
DEFINITION 4 Software that allows the user to enter a variety of information about the start and destination of a journey. Route can be requested and printed out prior to the journey and from the organisations website or through the use of a satnav. With an in-car system, it is possible to change the route mid journey. Some systems can automatically receive the traffic information. TERM 5
Route Finding Systems Characteristics
DEFINITION 5 Will find a route from an origin to a destination Will offer alternative routes for the user to choose from. Software produces information on: suggested route Suggested Travel time Distance to destination Toll Charges Estimated fuel costs Alternative routes
Tailored system Interface
Modifying standard software to suit a particular application or user Usually Involves adding form controls Advantages: -Application is simplified Less mistakes made by novice users Faster to enter data & make choices Disadvantages: Level of knowledge required to create & test the interface Time taken to modify the interface Simplified interface may restrict advanced users TERM 7
House Style
DEFINITION 7 A set of rules followed on all documents The public will become familiar with an organisations house style House Style Features Fonts to be used The different paragraph styles the layout of documents any graphics that can be used the company's colour scheme may be utilised Logos are part of a companies house style TERM 8
Design Considerations
DEFINITION 8 Layout of the screen - Uncluttered
- Consistent Logical order for screen items - To aid user data entry Relevance - Only requires minimum input from, the user
- Concise and useful information on screen Choice of font - Size & style must be easy to read Colours - Different colours to highlight information
- Shouldn't clash TERM 9
Design Considerations
DEFINITION 9
Validation Checks - can only enter appropriate data
Visual & audible cues - error messages that are clear &
useful
- audio feedback to confirm input/action
Graphics & animation - Kept to a minimum
Help options - useful, clear and in simple language
TERM 10
Master Slide
DEFINITION 10 A slideshow presentation 'Style sheet' - created by an employee/organisation Identifies: The theme to be used for the presentation - background colour.. position of graphics to be shown on each slide - E.g.company logo The position of information to appear on each slide - Header/footer, date, slide number Text formatting - font type, size, colour
Templates Disadvantages
User is limited to the templates available
If a mistake has been made on the template: - error will
appear on every document created from the template
The standard user cannot alter template
If a template layout changed only later documents
change
TERM 17
Modelling System & Reasons for
modelling
DEFINITION 17
Modelling is often known as simulation
Reasons for Modelling
To predict the response of a system
To save cost
To change the timescale of a system
To remove the element of danger
To speed up and assist the design process
TERM 18
Characteristics of Modelling Software
DEFINITION 18 A model usually consists of a series of rules-The rules usually written as mathematical expressions-The rules determine how the model will behave in various situations-The rules work on data fed into the model The model should behave in the same way as the situation that it represents The designer uses the model to predict how whatever it is modelling will behave in reality TERM 19
Advantages of using spreadsheets to create
and run simulations
DEFINITION 19 Most organisations already own spreadsheet software-Not likely to be any cost in purchasing spreadsheet software-Less training will be required Can enter variable (Text and Numbers)into a cell Formulae & Functions perform calculations on the variables Graphs can be used to present the data Conditional formatting can be used to highlight outcomes What-If analysis can be used to answer what-if questions TERM 20
Disadvantages of using spreadsheets to
create and run simulations
DEFINITION 20
Can take a lot of timeto create
Require mathematical skills to set up
Only as accurate as the rules that have been set up within
it
Can only be used for mathematical simulations
Tables (Relational Database Terminology)
Aka: An entity
A collection of data about a certain 'Thing'
A collection of records in a relational database
Tables Contain: -Rows & Columns
A relational database is made up of a number of tables
The name of a table is usually capitalised
TERM 22
Records & Fields (Relational Database
Terminology)
DEFINITION 22 Records A record is a row in a database table Contains all the data about a single item or event Records are made up of a number of fields Each Record contains individual items of data Fields Aka: An attribute An individual data item within a record A column in a database record TERM 23
Primary Key & Standard Notation (Relational
Database Terminology)
DEFINITION 23 Primary Key Primary key is field that identifies a record uniquely Used to create a relationship between tables Used to prevent data duplication Standard Notation Entities are written in capital letters Attributes are written with an initial capital Primary keys are underlined Foreign keys are over lined TERM 24
Referential Integrity & Duplicate Data
(Relational Database Terminology)
DEFINITION 24 Referential Integrity Every foreign key must have a related primary key value-If a customer record is deleted then all 'hires' by the deleted customers are removed Ensures no redundant data is stored Duplicate Data More than 1 copy of a data record Data taking up more storage space than necessary Possible data inconsistency TERM 25
Overhead Transparencies Advantages
DEFINITION 25
Only need OHP - no computer/projector
OHTs are more reliable
Can skip slides and go back with little trouble
You can write on an OHT
Don't need to be confident with the software
What is a graphic library?
Collections of specific images related to a topic
Often used in a computer aided design
Manufacturers often produce images of their products
TERM 32
The Data Protection Act Data Privacy
DEFINITION 32 The right to privacy is a right we all expect We do not expect personal details such as our age, medical records, personal family details, political and religious beliefs to be freely available to everybody With the growth of ICT, large databases are able to hold huge quantities of information Global networks are able to share and distribute this information around the world in seconds TERM 33
Data Protection Act
DEFINITION 33 In order to control this development and to protect peoples right to privacy, the data protection act was introduced. The first act became law in 1984 but has been updated by the 1998 act If any person, organisation, company or business wishes to hold personal information about people, they must register wit the office of the information commissionrt TERM 34
Purposes of the Data Protection Act
DEFINITION 34 To place regulations on the use of personal data To allow individuals to access data held about them To protect individuals from misuse of their own personal data To meet EU regulations To allow UK citizens to access data held on them in other EU countries To allow prosecution off companies that break the DPA TERM 35
Data Protection Principles
DEFINITION 35 To be processed fairly and lawfully To be obtained and specific and lawful purposes To be adequate, relevant and not excessive for the purpose To be accurate and up-to-date Not to be kept longer than necessary Be processed within the rights of data subjects To be kept secure against loss, damage and unauthorised and unlawful processing Not to be transferred to countries outside the European economic area
Personal Data & What it
includes
It must relate to living people who can be identified
We are all data subjects
This includes
Racial or ethnic origins
Political opinions
Religious beliefs
Whether members of Trade Unions
Their physical or mental health or condition
Sexual Life
TERM 37
Rights of Data Subjects
DEFINITION 37 Be given a copy of data held-You're allowed to see what information is being held about you by a company-You will need to pay an administrative charge Prevent processing of the data if it is likely to cause damage or distress Prevent the data being used for direct marketing- junk mail Have data corrected, blocked and erased if inaccurate TERM 38
Computer Misuse Act &
Penalties
DEFINITION 38 To deter unauthorised access To allow prosecution and punishment for offenders Three offences were defined: Unauthorised computer access Unauthorised modification or deletion of data Unauthorised access with intent to commit further offenses Penalties Hacking - Maximum fine of 2000 & 6 months prison sentence Spreading Viruses - Unlimited fine and a maximum five year prison sentence TERM 39
The Copyright, Designs & Patents
Act
DEFINITION 39
law dealing with illegal copying
The Act was introduced to protect the investment of tie,
money and effort by the people who create original
pieces of work
Covered by the Act:
Authors of books
Composers of mu
TERM 40
Network Security
DEFINITION 40
ICT crime often deliberate act of theft-Stealing Data-
Stealing software or equipment
Natural disasters and mistakes by humans can also cause
data to be lost or equipment to be damaged
Networked computers are prone to security problems:-
Hacking -Viruses, spyware and malware
Biometric Security
Technology used to measure some feature of a person-In
order to identify them within a security system
Fingerprint
Voice or facial recognition
DNA
TERM 47
Software Patches/Updates &
Viruses
DEFINITION 47 Corrects loopholes & bugs in software Must regularly update virus data files-So new viruses can be detected Regular security patches to operating systems & Applications Viruses A virus is a piece of software that is designed to: -Cause deliberate harm to data stored on a computer Removable media used in an infected system can then carry a virus to another machine Programs downloaded from the internet can also spread virus TERM 48
Anti-Spyware
DEFINITION 48
What?:
Collects information about a person or organisation
Can track a users keystrokes-To find out what is being
typed, including passwords
Why?:
Can be used to pass information on to advertisers
Can be used to find out usernames and passwords
TERM 49
Access Rights and Levels of
Access
DEFINITION 49 Data is commercially valuable - could be stolen May want to restrict access to data Different users are given different access rights to data Legal restrictions on the access to personal data NONE- User cannot obtain info nor change dataREAD ONLY-User can obtain Information but not change the dataREAD/WRITE-User can change data as well as obtain informationAPPEND ONLY-User cannot change existing data but can add new dataFULL-Can perform all operations TERM 50
User Ids &
Passwords
DEFINITION 50
Allow access to user areas-Stop unauthorised access-
Protect data
To make individual users members of groups-Allow access
to files based on access rights
To be able to monitor use - audit logs
To comply with the law
User IDs
User IDs
Must be unique
Can be suspended when user is away
Can be linked to resources
TERM 52
Passwords
DEFINITION 52
Passwords
Network Manager:- Force password change frequently-
Make minimum length password-Must contain numbers
and letters-Cannot reuser passwords
User:-Not writing the password down-Make it something
others cant guess - not personal -Make sure no one is
looking when you type it
TERM 53
Safety Problems - Trailing Wires
DEFINITION 53 If trailing cables are near where somebody walks then they are a trip hazard Also possible that somebody could disconnect the wrong equipment Cables should not be stretched across desks, doorways or thoroughfares Cable management used to keep cables out of the way:-Floor Trunking-False floors and ceilings -Desk portholes -Spiral cable covers TERM 54
Risk of Fire and Avoiding Risk of Fire
DEFINITION 54 Overloaded sockets can use too much current -Which can lead to overheating and potentially a fire Electrical equipment can develop faults over time Avoiding Risk of Fire Electrical sockets should not be overloaded Electrical equipment should be regularly tested for safety Rooms should be well ventilated to prevent overheating Equipment turned off when nobody is in attendance Computers should be kept away from heat Air conditioning should be used TERM 55
Risk of Electrocution & Proximity to
Water
DEFINITION 55 Electrical equipment which has not been safety tested can lead to electrocution if parts become faulty If somebody trips over a trailing wire and it exposes the copper cables then that could also cause electrocution Water that is split onto electric equipment will not only damage the equipment but could also cause an electric shock Proximity to Water Equipment near water can be damaged, catch fire or electrocute Electric sockets near pipe joints could get wet due to leaks
