American Revolution and Early United States: Key Events and Figures - Prof. Daniel C. Brei | Exams World History

Virtual Representation – each member represented the entire empire, not

just his own district, in the interests of all who lived under the British crown

were supposedly taken into account

The Declaratory Act – rejected American’s claims that only their elected

representatives could levy taxes. Parliament, proclaimed the measure,

possessed the power to pass laws for “the colonies and people of America…

in all cases whatever.”

The Boston Tea Party – A group of colonists disguised as Indians boarded

three ships at anchor in Boston Harbor and threw more than 300 chests of

tea into the water. The loss to the East India Company was the equivalent of

around $4million today.

Common Sense – Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine supporting the

American independence.

Lexington – One of first two battles of the war, British retreated, shot heard

round the world

Concord – Second of two of the first battlesCornwallis – Lord Charles

Cornwallis, defeated at Yorktown, brought an end to the war.

The Loyalists – Colonists who remained loyal to Great Britain during the

War

Sierra Leone – Settlement for former slaves from the United States

established by the British on the coast of West Africa.James Madison –

fourth president of the US, father of the Constitution and key author of Bill or

rights. Slaveholder, and elite and plantation owner

The U.S. Constitution – Adopted September 17, 1787 in Philadelphia, went

into effect March 4, 1789, is the supreme law of the land. Creates separate

branches of the government.

Define “secular” – no religious or spiritual basis

Define “federal” – system of government in which several states form a

unity by remain independent in internal affairs

The Bill of Rights – First 10 amendments to the US Constitution adopted in

1791 to guarantee individual rights against infringement by the federal

government

The battle of Fallen Timbers – Little Turtle inflicted huge defeat on

American Forces led by Author St. Clair, costliest ever suffered by the US

army at the hands of the Indians.

Sacajawea – Shoshone Indian woman, wife of fur trader, lead Lewis and

Clark

The “XYZ Affair” – US, trying to stay neutral in European War, claimed

right to trade nonmilitary goods with both Britain and France. French

demanded bribes from our diplomats.

The Louis and Clark Expedition – First American expedition to cross the

western US to the Pacific Coast

Impressement – kidnapping poor men on the streets for maritime service

1. Why did the British want to start taxing the colonies? What major

event led the

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Virtual Representation – each member represented the entire empire, not just his own district, in the interests of all who lived under the British crown were supposedly taken into account The Declaratory Act – rejected American’s claims that only their elected representatives could levy taxes. Parliament, proclaimed the measure, possessed the power to pass laws for “the colonies and people of America… in all cases whatever.” The Boston Tea Party – A group of colonists disguised as Indians boarded three ships at anchor in Boston Harbor and threw more than 300 chests of tea into the water. The loss to the East India Company was the equivalent of around $4million today. Common Sense – Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine supporting the American independence. Lexington – One of first two battles of the war, British retreated, shot heard round the world Concord – Second of two of the first battles Cornwallis – Lord Charles Cornwallis, defeated at Yorktown, brought an end to the war. The Loyalists – Colonists who remained loyal to Great Britain during the War Sierra Leone – Settlement for former slaves from the United States established by the British on the coast of West Africa. James Madison – fourth president of the US, father of the Constitution and key author of Bill or rights. Slaveholder, and elite and plantation owner The U.S. Constitution – Adopted September 17, 1787 in Philadelphia, went into effect March 4, 1789, is the supreme law of the land. Creates separate branches of the government. Define “secular” – no religious or spiritual basis Define “federal” – system of government in which several states form a unity by remain independent in internal affairs The Bill of Rights – First 10 amendments to the US Constitution adopted in 1791 to guarantee individual rights against infringement by the federal government The battle of Fallen Timbers – Little Turtle inflicted huge defeat on American Forces led by Author St. Clair, costliest ever suffered by the US army at the hands of the Indians. Sacajawea – Shoshone Indian woman, wife of fur trader, lead Lewis and Clark The “XYZ Affair” – US, trying to stay neutral in European War, claimed right to trade nonmilitary goods with both Britain and France. French demanded bribes from our diplomats. The Louis and Clark Expedition – First American expedition to cross the western US to the Pacific Coast Impressement – kidnapping poor men on the streets for maritime service

1. Why did the British want to start taxing the colonies? What major event led the

British government to seek ways to have the colonies to pay for part of the cost of the empire? (p. 185) A) To help pay for the war & to finance the empire B) The Seven Years’ War

2. What items did the Stamp Act affect? Newspapers, books, court documents, commercial papers, land deeds, almanacs (187) (any written material) 3. Why did the Stamp Act cause such unrest in the colonies? Many colonists felt it violated their liberty, offended virtually every free colonist, being imposed without colonial consent, & British army permanently stationed on American soil. (p. 185) it effected nearly every single colonist 4. Why were the colonies opposed to the Tea Act? Colonists insisted that to pay taxes on large body of imports would acknowledge Britain’s right to tax the colonies. (p.194) 5. What events brought about the Boston Massacre? Royal troops were stationed in Boston after rioting that followed British seizure of the ship “Liberty” for violating trade regulations. A fight between a snowball-throwing crowd of Bostonians & British troops escalated into an armed confrontation that left 5 Bostonians dead. (p.192) 6. Why were the colonists opposed to the Quebec Act? Threw into question land claims in Ohio country, fear of religious & political tyranny, fear, and of Catholicism by Protestants. (p.195) 7. What major factors influenced the decision to make George Washington the Commander of the American forces? He had gained considerable fighting experience during the Seven Years’ War, and best known military officer, prominent Virginian, wanted to reinforce colonial unity. (p. 198) 8. What did the Declaration of Independence do? Declared the United States an independent nation; completed shifted from the rights of Englishmen to the rights of mankind as the object of American independence. Liberty had become a universal entitlement. (p. 203) 9. Which founding fathers never owned a slave in their life? John Adams, Thomas Paine. (p. 239) 10. What powers did the government have under the Articles of Confederation? Those essential to the struggle for independence, declaring war, conducting foreign affairs, and making treaties with other governments. (p. 239) 11. What advantages did the American colonists have during the American Rev? They were fighting on home soil, they were fighting for home and family, the supplies were closer and they received help from France, in addition they had an exceptional leader

24. Define Federalism “Division of Powers” - Refers to the relationship between the national government and the states. (p.269) 25. What were Alexander Hamilton’s long-term goals? To make the United States a major commercial & military power. (p. 295) 26. Why was the nation’s capital placed in the South? Exchange made to Southerners to accept Hamilton’s fiscal program in exchange for the establishment of the permanent national capitol on the Potomac River between Maryland and Virginia. (p. 297) 27. How did the French Revolutionaries treat Louis XVI? He was executed. (p. 297) 28. Which three accomplishments did Jefferson want most to be remembered for? (p. 229)

Bill for establishing Religious freedom
Declaration of Independence
University of Virginia 29. Great Britain and France went to war in 1793. Which Americans supported the British and which Americans supported the French, and why? (p. 297) British – ( Federalists ) Washington, Hamilton and their supporters, fear of anarchy. France – ( Republicans ) Jefferson, Madison and his followers, popular self- government 30. Who were the candidates for both major parties in the election of 1796? Federalists- John Adams for President, Thomas Pickney for Vice-President Republican – Thomas Jefferson for President, Aaron Burr for Vice- President Adams won (p. 306) 31. What did the Sedition Act say and whom did it target? It authorized the prosecuting of virtually any public assembly or publication critical of the government. (b) Targeted the Republican Press (p.307) 32. Why were the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions written and what did each say? They were written because the Alien & Sedition Acts failed to silence the Republican press. Both resolutions attacked the Sedition Act as an unconstitutional violation of the First Amendment. Virginia called on the federal courts to protect speech. Kentucky asserted the states could nullify laws of Congress that violated the Constitution. (p.307) 33. With which country did the U.S. fight a “quasi-war” starting in 1798? France (p.306) also known as the Undeclared War with France, the Pirate Wars or Half War 34. What is the story behind the writing of the “Star Spangled Banner”?

1814 a British assault on Baltimore was repulsed when Fort McHenry at the entrance to the harbor withstood a British bombardment. (p. 321)

35. What is “judicial review” and what case established it? The Supreme Court assumed the right to determine whether an act of Congress violates the Constitution. Marbury v Madison 36. What doubled the size of the United States? The Louisiana Purchase 37. Who wanted to move the Indians east of the Mississippi west of the Mississippi after we bought the Louisiana Purchase? Thomas Jefferson (p.318) 38. How did Jefferson’s Embargo Act affect the American economy? In 1808, American exports plummeted by 80%, and devastated the economies of American port cities. (p. 317) 39. Who were the War Hawks and what did they want? A group of younger Congressman, mostly from the West. They wanted war with Britian, annexation of Canada, and conquest of Florida. (p. 318) 40. How many U.S. sailors did the British impress before the U.S. went to war against them? More than 6000 41. What were the terms for the peace settlement for the War of 1812? Treaty of Ghent restored previous status quo, no territory exchanged hands, nor did any provisions relate to impressments or neutral shipping rights. (p.

American Revolution and Early United States: Key Events and Figures - Prof. Daniel C. Brei, Exams of World History

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