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Matter and Energy in Ecosystems: Key Concepts and Vocabulary, Lecture notes of Ecosystem Modelling

A study packet for kipp students in the fourth unit of their ecology course. It includes key vocabulary terms and concepts related to matter and energy in ecosystems, such as energy storage molecules, producers, consumers, decomposers, photosynthesis, and carbon cycling. The document also includes practice problems for students to test their understanding of these concepts.

Typology: Lecture notes

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/27/2022

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__________________________________________ Remote Learning Packet
KIPP/2025/____________________________ Assignment #4
Review of Matter & Energy in Ecosystems
Directions: Study the key concepts and vocabulary below to prepare yourself for our fourth and final
unit.
Chapter 1
Vocabulary:
Energy Storage Molecule (ESM) - A molecule organisms can use to release the energy they
need to survive.
Abiotic - matter that makes up the nonliving (never living) parts of an ecosystem, such as
air, water, and rocks
Biotic - matter that makes up the living and dead organisms in an ecosystem
Producer - an organism that can make its own energy storage molecules (such as glucose)
Consumer - an organism that needs to eat in order to get energy storage molecules (such as
starch and fat)
Decomposer - an organism that gets energy storage molecules (such as glucose) by breaking
down dead matter
Ecosystem - all the living and nonliving things interacting in a particular area
Photosynthesis - the process by which plants and other producers use energy from sunlight
to change carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose (an energy storage molecule)
System - a set of interacting parts forming a complex whole
Key Concepts:
Carbon is a part of carbon dioxide, which is abiotic matter. Carbon is also a part of energy
storage molecules, which are biotic matter.
During the process of photosynthesis, producers make energy storage molecules, using
carbon dioxide and energy from sunlight. This moves carbon from abiotic to biotic matter.
If one part of a system changes, this affects the rest of the system.
When there is more carbon (in the form of carbon dioxide) in abiotic matter, more carbon is
available to producers for making energy storage molecules.
When there is less carbon(in the form of carbon dioxide) in abiotic matter, less carbon is
available for producers making energy storage molecules.
When there is more sunlight, producers can make more energy storage molecules from the
carbon in carbon dioxide.
When there is less sunlight, producers cannot make as many energy storage molecules from
the carbon in carbon dioxide.
Chapter 2
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__________________________________________ Remote Learning Packet KIPP/2025/____________________________ Assignment #

Review of Matter & Energy in Ecosystems

Directions : Study the key concepts and vocabulary below to prepare yourself for our fourth and final unit. Chapter 1 Vocabulary: ● Energy Storage Molecule (ESM) - A molecule organisms can use to release the energy they need to survive. ● Abiotic - matter that makes up the nonliving (never living) parts of an ecosystem, such as air, water, and rocks ● Biotic - matter that makes up the living and dead organisms in an ecosystem ● Producer - an organism that can make its own energy storage molecules (such as glucose) ● Consumer - an organism that needs to eat in order to get energy storage molecules (such as starch and fat) ● Decomposer - an organism that gets energy storage molecules (such as glucose) by breaking down dead matter ● Ecosystem - all the living and nonliving things interacting in a particular area ● Photosynthesis - the process by which plants and other producers use energy from sunlight to change carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose (an energy storage molecule) ● System - a set of interacting parts forming a complex whole Key Concepts: ● Carbon is a part of carbon dioxide, which is abiotic matter. Carbon is also a part of energy storage molecules, which are biotic matter. ● During the process of photosynthesis, producers make energy storage molecules, using carbon dioxide and energy from sunlight. This moves carbon from abiotic to biotic matter. ● If one part of a system changes, this affects the rest of the system. ● When there is more carbon (in the form of carbon dioxide) in abiotic matter, more carbon is available to producers for making energy storage molecules. ● When there is less carbon(in the form of carbon dioxide) in abiotic matter, less carbon is available for producers making energy storage molecules. ● When there is more sunlight, producers can make more energy storage molecules from the carbon in carbon dioxide. ● When there is less sunlight, producers cannot make as many energy storage molecules from the carbon in carbon dioxide. Chapter 2

Vocabulary: ● Cellular Respiration - the chemical reaction between oxygen and glucose that releases energy into cells Key Concepts: ● As organisms release energy during cellular respiration, carbon dioxide is produced from the carbon in energy storage molecules. This process moves carbon from biotic to abiotic matter. Chapter 3 Key Concepts: ● Since carbon cannot be produced or used up, the total amount of carbon in a closed ecosystem does not change. ● If the amount of carbon increased in abiotic matter then it also decreased in biotic matter. If the amount of carbon decreased in abiotic matter, then it also increased in biotic matter.

Practice Problems