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The Year of Revolutions: A Turning Point in European History - Prof. Ockman, Study Guides, Projects, Research of European History

This essay explores the events of the Year of Revolutions in Europe, a pivotal period marked by the fall of monarchies and the rise of new ideologies. the February Revolution in France, the Hungarian and Czech revolts, and the impact of imperialism and nationalism. It also introduces key concepts such as urbanization, industrialization, and the emergence of the bourgeoisie and proletariat.

What you will learn

  • What were the main causes of the February Revolution in France?
  • What role did imperialism and nationalism play in the events of the Year of Revolutions?
  • How did the Hungarian and Czech revolts impact European politics?

Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research

2020/2021

Uploaded on 07/10/2021

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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
NINETEENTH CENTURY “-ISMS”
RESTORATION AND REVOLUTION
THE YEAR OF REVOLUTIONS
THE AGE OF REALPOLITIK PART I
AGE OF REALPOLITIK PART II
AGE OF REALPOLITIK PART III
ESSAY
Detail the Events of the Year of Revolutions.
The February Revolution starts at a workers protest banquet after the military is sent in. The
king abdicates. The Second French Republic is created. When they shut down the national
workshop they have just given the workers initial the june days riot. They were stopped and
Napoleon III was elected . The Habsburgs could not absolutely rule their diverse lands. Foreign
minister tries to keep the king in power but after a student revolt he flees. the king is afraid of the
peasants so abolishing serfdom then quits. The HUngarian revolt sees march laws introduced
after they got autonomy from austria. They magyarize. Russia invades to deal with revolt after
some revolt against Hungary and puts them down. Hungary lost. The Czech revolt started with a
conference. They decided that there should be one pan-slavic union. Russia loves this. There
are non-slavs in slavic territories. The revolt in pro age and the austrian army deals with it
quickly. Milan calls in assistance from the piedmont when they revolt. It was the first war of
italian independence but it's a disaster. Napoleon III “liberated” Rome and kept his troops there.
DEFINITIONS
INDUSTRIALIZATION
Creation Of machinery, establishment of factories, and development of workforce.
URBANIZATION
Growth and expansion of cities
BOURGEOISIE & PROLETARIAT
Upper middle class; working class
PROLETARIANIZATION
Lose the means of production and become wage earner
DAGUERREOTYPE
First type of photograph
ROMANTICISM
Cultural movement with emotion rather than reason and to focus on the individual
ROSETTA STONE
Stone in egypt with 3 different languages that allow the to decipher hieroglyphics from greek
SELF DETERMINATION
The rights of those with the same linguistic or cultural or ethic heritage allowed to form their own
states
IMPERIALISM
Influencing country through hegonemy(cultural or economic) or military control
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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

NINETEENTH CENTURY “-ISMS”

RESTORATION AND REVOLUTION

THE YEAR OF REVOLUTIONS

THE AGE OF REALPOLITIK PART I

AGE OF REALPOLITIK PART II

AGE OF REALPOLITIK PART III

ESSAY

Detail the Events of the Year of Revolutions. The February Revolution starts at a workers protest banquet after the military is sent in. The king abdicates. The Second French Republic is created. When they shut down the national workshop they have just given the workers initial the june days riot. They were stopped and Napoleon III was elected. The Habsburgs could not absolutely rule their diverse lands. Foreign minister tries to keep the king in power but after a student revolt he flees. the king is afraid of the peasants so abolishing serfdom then quits. The HUngarian revolt sees march laws introduced after they got autonomy from austria. They magyarize. Russia invades to deal with revolt after some revolt against Hungary and puts them down. Hungary lost. The Czech revolt started with a conference. They decided that there should be one pan-slavic union. Russia loves this. There are non-slavs in slavic territories. The revolt in pro age and the austrian army deals with it quickly. Milan calls in assistance from the piedmont when they revolt. It was the first war of italian independence but it's a disaster. Napoleon III “liberated” Rome and kept his troops there. DEFINITIONS INDUSTRIALIZATION Creation Of machinery, establishment of factories, and development of workforce. URBANIZATION Growth and expansion of cities BOURGEOISIE & PROLETARIAT Upper middle class; working class PROLETARIANIZATION Lose the means of production and become wage earner DAGUERREOTYPE First type of photograph ROMANTICISM Cultural movement with emotion rather than reason and to focus on the individual ROSETTA STONE Stone in egypt with 3 different languages that allow the to decipher hieroglyphics from greek SELF DETERMINATION The rights of those with the same linguistic or cultural or ethic heritage allowed to form their own states IMPERIALISM Influencing country through hegonemy(cultural or economic) or military control

UTILITARIANISM

Goal of society is to bring the most happiness to the most people MARXISM/COMMUNISM A workers revolution to overthrow the bourgeoisie and have a dictatorship by the proletariat to abolish private property. PETERLOO MASSACRE Protests in Britain where troops, horses got spooked and everyone attacks. Leads to the six acts. THE DECEMBRIST REVOLT The infantry don't like the one who wants to be tsar, Nicolas, they want to be constant. Nicols uses artillery and cavalry. They sent prisoners to siberia THE FOUR ORDINANCES Charles X of France. Limit freedom of the press, dissolve the chamber of deputies, limit voting laws, have new elections, allowing him to get absolutism. Had to step down as king. THE CONVENTION OF 1839 Guaranteed Belgium neutrality. THE GREAT REFORM BILLS Great Britain. Vastly increases cities. THE OPIUM WARS Britain goes to war with china to be drug dealers SEPOY Indian who were working for the east india company that revolted because they thought heri gun cartridges were sealed with pig and cow fat. THE GREAT GAME russia and britain invade and spy on afghanistan to prepare war that never happened REALPOLITIK The accomplishment of one's political goals through practical means WAR CORRESPONDENT Journalist embedded in a military unit LATIN AMERICA Napoleon III pushes this phrase to convince those nations to team up with him against the US and Britain ZOLLVEREIN German customs union. First successful thing to unify germany AUSLIECH The australian and the hungairan agreed to create the dual monarchy of austria hungary BRITISH NORTH AMERI 7y/.CAN ACT gives canada autonomy PARIS COMMUNE People thought it might have been the first communist revolutions PEOPLE HENRY CORT Invents the puddling process for shaping iron

ARCHDUKE MAXIMILLIAN

stayed behind in mexico because he thought he could retain control b c he thought everyone liked him but then firing squad OTTO VON BISMARK Unifier of germany BENJAMIN DISRAELI Only prime minister in british history of jewsih descent. SHORT IDS CONSERVATISM VS MODERATE LIBERALISM Conservatism is where the government cares about true legitimacy of heirship. Traditional order of society. Absolute monarchy. Klemens von Metternich directs it and Edmund Burke writes about it. Moderate liberalism is on the side of constitutional monarchy. Also franchise is for men of property. Individual liberty is more important than everyone being equal. Written constitutions are created to protect that liberty. THE PEOPLE’S CHARTER

  • australian ballot Secret voting. Do eventually get it.
  • no property qualification for voting in parliament you don't have to have a certain amount of land to vote. Will change slowly.
  • salaries for members of parliament Poor people are able to run for parliament without starving their families. Will get this eventually.
  • equal electoral districts The districts in Britain will represent roughly the same amount of people. Will be improved roughly.
  • annual election for parliament Does not happen but elections do happen more regularly. ITALIAN UNIFICATION Napoleon III and Camillo Cavour talk at the end of the crimean war. In exchange for helping Piedmont get all of Italy, France would receive Savoy and Nice. When Piedmont starts to mobilize their army, Austria complains about it. Piedmont interprets this as a threat and declares war bc they want some of their territory. Both the battle of Magenta and Solferino are victories of the french and piedmon. Revolutionaries seize control of northern italian states and join Piedmont. Napoleon III then pulls out and join astrian. In the south, Guissepi Garibaldi builds his own army and unified all of southern Italy and joined his republic under King Victor Emmanual II of Piedmont, now Italy. GERMAN UNIFICATION With Otto Von Bismark working for Germany his whole plan was to unify. The Danish War. The northern german States Schlewig and Holstein get invaded by Denmark so Bismarck convinces both Austria and Prussia to help. When troops invaded, Bismark told his troops to be obnoxious to any Austrians they met because he wanted them to declare war. They dispute how to administer Schleswig and Holstein. Convention of gastein is now invalid and it provokes the Autro-Pussian War.. Austria declares war on Prussia. Prussia wins. They absorb all of northern germany. Bismark holds off for taking over the rest of germany. The french were trying to make

sure one of the keiser's family you don't be in Spain so they are trying to make him make a pronouncement that the cousin is not allowed to be king. He has already told him nt to take the job so he is furious now. He sends an angry telegraph is sent to bsmark who wants another warHe modified the telegraph to make outlook like the keser insulte the rench. Napoleon III won't have Germans insulin him. William is agasp and Bismarck is happy. He uses this to convince all the south germany to join together with northern germany to protect the honor of all of germany. TECHNOLOGY AND WARFARE American civil war was the first time railroad played a major role. Otto von Bismarck was watching so it played a big role in german unification. The civil war was when ironclad ships fought each other. Arms race to build bigger and bugger ships. Telegraphs were a big big deal. Communication changes completely. Rifled weapons and minie balls and breech loaders used in the civil war revolutionized all weapons forever.