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Review for Exam 3 - Nervous Tissue - Anatomy and Physiology I | BIO 203, Exams of Biology

Harford Community CollegeBiology
Prof. Wendy M. Rappazzo

Material Type: Exam; Professor: Rappazzo; Class: Anatomy and Physiology I (GL); Subject: Biology; University: Harford Community College; Term: Unknown 2003;

Typology: Exams

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 08/19/2009

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Review For Exam 3: Chpts. 12 - 15
Chapter 12: Nervous Tissue/Neurophysiology
what is the hierchy (divisions) of nervous system?
What is the flow of information thru the Nervous System?
definitions of: somatic, autonomic, efferent, afferent, excitability, amitotic
what type of stimuli do interoreceptors, exteroreceptors & proprioceptors respond to?
what are the 2 things a neuron cannot live without?
Which type of nervous tissue cells conduct nerve impulses?
what are the 3 parts of a neuron? What is the function of each?
what is found in the cell body or soma of a neuron?, can they undergo mitosis? why not? what is the
perikaryon? what are Nissl bodies? what is a center? and a ganglia?
dendrites: which way do they conduct nerve impulses?
axons: which way do they conduct nerve impulses? how many axons/neuron?
-what is the axon hillock? and telodendria?
-axon terminal (synaptic end bulbs or knobs) function to?
what is anterograde transport? And retrograde? What virus takes advantage of retrograde transport?
how are neurons classified by structure (types) and function (types)?
which are most numerous? which are rarest?
understand which direction and type of information is being transported by: somatic sensory neurons, visceral
sensory, somatic motor, visceral motor
What are the 6 types of neuroglia (l) cells? which are found in the CNS? and the PNS?
-which are most abundant? which are phagocytic? which have cilia to move CSF? which form CSF? where
are ependymal cells located? which help repair damaged tissue? which guide neuron development? which
control interstitial environment of neurons? which form the blood brain barrier? Which form myelin sheaths in
the CNS?
-what causes myelination of axons in the PNS, can they regenerate? why or why not?
what is myelin? what are nodes? what are internodes? what are some demyelination disorders?
what is the neurilemma? which neuroglial cells have one?
how does a neuron respond when injured?
what is saltatory conduction (propagation) what is continuous propagation?
Neurophysiology: what is the RMP of a neuron? why is it negative? what is the function of the Na-K pump?
(know number and direction of ions)
what are the differences between active and passive gates? Which are responsible for the RMP? What are
the 3 types of active gates? where are each found? what type of stimuli do each respond to? which form
graded potentials? and action potentials?
how do neurons depolarize? how are neurons hyperpolarized? and repolarized?
know the graph of an action potential & be able to label key points
what are graded potentials? why are they important?
what are action potentials? which part of a neuron can generate action potentials?
what is a synapse? what are the names of the neurons found at a synapse? what are the 2 types of synapses:
know an example of each. What is the name of the space between neurons in a synapse? How is the
neurotransmitter released from the axon terminal? How are neurotransmitters removed from the synapse?
What are SSRIs? How do they work?
know how drugs effect the synapse – by hyperpolarizing or depolarizing
also know the following neurotransmitters, their class and their actions; Ach, NE, dopamine, serotonin, GABA,
glutamate, substance P, neuropeptide Y, endorphins, enkephalins and NO
what is the difference between an EPSP and IPSP
what is meant by summation?
what 2 things increase speed of conduction of an axon?
what are characteristics of Group A, B. and C fibers
Chapter 13: The Central Nervous System - Spinal Cord
Spinal Cord: begins? and ends? what are the 2 functions of the spinal cord
what is the cauda equina? why is it there?
pf3

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Review For Exam 3: Chpts. 12 - 15 Chapter 12: Nervous Tissue/Neurophysiology what is the hierchy (divisions) of nervous system? What is the flow of information thru the Nervous System? definitions of: somatic, autonomic, efferent, afferent, excitability, amitotic what type of stimuli do interoreceptors, exteroreceptors & proprioceptors respond to? what are the 2 things a neuron cannot live without? Which type of nervous tissue cells conduct nerve impulses? what are the 3 parts of a neuron? What is the function of each? what is found in the cell body or soma of a neuron?, can they undergo mitosis? why not? what is the perikaryon? what are Nissl bodies? what is a center? and a ganglia? dendrites: which way do they conduct nerve impulses? axons: which way do they conduct nerve impulses? how many axons/neuron? -what is the axon hillock? and telodendria? -axon terminal (synaptic end bulbs or knobs) function to? what is anterograde transport? And retrograde? What virus takes advantage of retrograde transport? how are neurons classified by structure (types) and function (types)? which are most numerous? which are rarest? understand which direction and type of information is being transported by: somatic sensory neurons, visceral sensory, somatic motor, visceral motor What are the 6 types of neuroglia (l) cells? which are found in the CNS? and the PNS? -which are most abundant? which are phagocytic? which have cilia to move CSF? which form CSF? where are ependymal cells located? which help repair damaged tissue? which guide neuron development? which control interstitial environment of neurons? which form the blood brain barrier? Which form myelin sheaths in the CNS? -what causes myelination of axons in the PNS, can they regenerate? why or why not? what is myelin? what are nodes? what are internodes? what are some demyelination disorders? what is the neurilemma? which neuroglial cells have one? how does a neuron respond when injured? what is saltatory conduction (propagation) what is continuous propagation? Neurophysiology: what is the RMP of a neuron? why is it negative? what is the function of the Na-K pump? (know number and direction of ions) what are the differences between active and passive gates? Which are responsible for the RMP? What are the 3 types of active gates? where are each found? what type of stimuli do each respond to? which form graded potentials? and action potentials? how do neurons depolarize? how are neurons hyperpolarized? and repolarized? know the graph of an action potential & be able to label key points what are graded potentials? why are they important? what are action potentials? which part of a neuron can generate action potentials? what is a synapse? what are the names of the neurons found at a synapse? what are the 2 types of synapses: know an example of each. What is the name of the space between neurons in a synapse? How is the neurotransmitter released from the axon terminal? How are neurotransmitters removed from the synapse? What are SSRIs? How do they work? know how drugs effect the synapse – by hyperpolarizing or depolarizing also know the following neurotransmitters, their class and their actions; Ach, NE, dopamine, serotonin, GABA, glutamate, substance P, neuropeptide Y, endorphins, enkephalins and NO what is the difference between an EPSP and IPSP what is meant by summation? what 2 things increase speed of conduction of an axon? what are characteristics of Group A, B. and C fibers Chapter 13: The Central Nervous System - Spinal Cord Spinal Cord: begins? and ends? what are the 2 functions of the spinal cord what is the cauda equina? why is it there?

how many segements are there in the spinal cord? how are spinal nerves named? how can you tell the anterior & posterior portions of the spinal cord apart? gray matter: composed of? found where? what is found in the anterior (ventral) horns? lateral horns?(are only found in which sections?), and dorsal horns? where are the cell bodies for sensory neurons? what is the gray commissure? and central canal? what is found within the central canal? how is the spinal cord protected? which meninx is closest to the spinal cord? which is the outermost? where is the epidural space located? why is it used? where is a spinal tap or lumbar puncture done? why? what is a tract? where do ascending and descending tracts cross over to the opposite side? what is a nerve? what are the connective tissue coverings around a nerve? what does each surround? what do the dorsal roots contain? and ventral roots? the roots fuse to form what structures? Nerves: the # of cranial and spinal nerves 3 types of nerves: sensory, motor, mixed: most spinal nerves are which? lso know the nerve plexuses, nerves and what they innervate as given in class what are rami? the doral ramus innervates? the ventral rami form? what is the rami communicantes? what are dermatomes? What virus infects a dermatome (lies dormant in dorsal root ganglion) definitions of diverging, converging, serial processing, parallel processing & reverberating circuits what is a reflex? how are reflexes categorized? know the reflex arc and the 4 reflexes from class: examples, what their receptors are, what type of stimuli they respond to and what effect they cause. Chapter 14: The Central Nervous System: Brain what are the 5 brain regions and what is found in each? how many ventricles are in the brain? what are their names, where are they found? what is the cerebral aqueduct? what is found in the ventricles? How does CSF flow inside the brain? Protection of the brain (and spinal cord) protection of the brain: list 4 ways know the order of meninges, dural sinuses, arachnoid villi, subarachnoid and subdural spaces. What are the names of the dural sinuses? what do they do? What is the difference between meningitis and encephalitis? charact. of CSF, what structures form it, how often, where does it come from? blood-brain barrier: b/w what 2 things? what cells form it? functions: what may pass through? What are the 2 large arteries supplying the brain? What is a CVA? what are the 2 types? Cerebrum: size relationship to the brain, define: gyri, sulci, fissures what is the median longitudinal fissure?, central sulcus, lateral sulcus, parieto-occipital sulcus? transverse fissure? functions of the cerebral cortex? and for each cerebral hemisphere? (lateralization), what does the left cerebral hemisphere control and vice versa: what is the relationship b/w right or left-handed and lateralization? know the locations and function of the following: primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, Broca's area, primary sensory area, visual area, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, Wernicke's area, prefrontal cortex, somatic sensory association, visual & auditory association areas Which lobe interprets vision? taste? touch? hearing/balance? smell? what is in the precentral gyrus? and the postcentral gyrus? functions of cerebral white matter? where is it found? what are the 3 types of tracts and which direction do each transmit info? function of basal nuclei? neurons here are inhibited by? definitions of aphasia? dyslexia? Limbic system: what structures are part of the limbic system? what is the function for each? what does it do? why do psychosomatic illnesses occur? what is the relationship b/w cerebral cortex and limbic system? Thalamus: functions, what is the intermediate mass? what is the function of the medial geniculate nucleus? and the lateral geniculate nucleus? What is the function of the anterior, medial, ventral and lateral groups (nuclei)? Hypothalamus: what is the infundibulum?, what are the boundaries of the hypothalamus? what are the 5 functions? what are the hormones made by the hypothalamus? what is the function of the mamillary bodies? Epithalamus: contains what structure? what hormone does the pineal gland secrete? what does it do?