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Does the ANS maintain involuntary or
voluntary control of the body?
Involuntary TERM 2
The motor neurons of the ANS don't effect
skeletal muscle; instead, which type of
muscle do the motor neurons of the ANS
innervate?
DEFINITION 2 Smooth and Cardiac Muscles TERM 3
The ANS also innervates the viscera. What
does the previous statement refer to?
DEFINITION 3 Viscera-Organs (Targets Organ Responses) TERM 4
The CNS and ANS differ in three areas. What
three areas do the two systems differ in?
DEFINITION 4 Effectors Effector Pathways Target Organ Responses TERM 5
What structures are the effectors of the CNS?
What structures are the effectors of the ANS?
DEFINITION 5 CNS Effectors-Skeletal MusclesANS Effectors-Cardiac/Smooth Muscles and Glands
Which system (either CNS or ANS) uses
ganglionic nerves? What is a ganglion?
ANSA ganglion is a cluster of neurons extending to effector organs TERM 7
Which system (either CNS or ANS) uses the
neurotransmitters known as epinephrine and
norepinephrine?
DEFINITION 7 ANS TERM 8
Which system (either CNS or ANS) uses long,
single myelinated neurons?
DEFINITION 8 CNS TERM 9
What are the two sub-divisions of the ANS?
DEFINITION 9 Sympathetic Parasympathetic TERM 10
What are the targets of the ANS?
DEFINITION 10 Smooth/Cardiac Muscles and Glands
What are antagonistic effects to control body
movements by the ANS referring to?
Oppose Each Other Exerted Through Dual Innervation of the Same Effector (Heart Rate Decreases-Parasympathetic and Heart Rate Increases-Sympathetic) Exerted Because Each Division Innervates Different Cells (Sympathetic-Pupillary Muscle Dilates Pupil and Parasympathetic-Constrictor Papillae Constricts Pupil) TERM 17
What are the co-operative effects that occur
when the two divisions of the ANS work on
different effectors, to produce a unified
effect? Give an example of this phenomenon.
DEFINITION 17 Dual InnervationThe term dual innervation refers to cooperative effects seen when the two divisions of the ANS act on different effectors to produce a unified effect.Example: parasympathetic effects increase salivary serous cell secretion and sympathetic effects increase salivary mucous cell secretion (iris) TERM 18
What brain structure is the main integrator of
the ANS (the big boss)?
DEFINITION 18 Hypothalamus TERM 19
What activities does the hypothalamus
control in the ANS?
DEFINITION 19 Heart Activity and Blood Pressure Body Temperature, Water Balance and Endocrine Activity Emotional Stages (Rage, Pleasure) and Biological Clock Drives (Hunger, Thirst, Sex) Reactions to Fear (Fight or Flight Response) TERM 20
What CNS structure controls ANS functions?
DEFINITION 20 Cerebral Cortex
What area of the brain controls swallowing?
Reticular Formation of Brain Stem TERM 22
What CNS structure controls urination?
DEFINITION 22 Spinal Cord
