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Independent Variable
The thing that is doing the affecting (causal factors) Attire, race, age, height, profession, wealth, appearance, sex, intelligence, accent TERM 2
Dependent Variable
DEFINITION 2 The thing being affected ex: credibility because of your appearance or height TERM 3
What does "communication" really mean?
DEFINITION 3 We study messages (verbal, nonverbal, and mediated). TERM 4
Co-interpretors
DEFINITION 4 People communicate before they even start talking. People make opinions of others right away simply by looking at them. TERM 5
Physical Science
DEFINITION 5 The study of the objective aspects of nature Biology, chemistry, physics, astronomy, etc.
Social Science
A group of fields that set out to study how humans live and interact Anthropology, communication, economic, political sciences, psychology, etc. TERM 7
Humanistic
Research
DEFINITION 7 Humanists believed in universal human qualities: Rationality, common history, experience, and belief TERM 8
Scientific
Research
DEFINITION 8 Social Scientists saw the necessity to objectively quantify human experience TERM 9
Communication vs. Communicaitons
DEFINITION 9 Communication is the process whereby one person stimulates meaning in the mind of another person (or persons) through verbal and nonverbal messages (people).Communications is an array of mass-mediated technologies people utilize to send messages (tech). TERM 10
Epistemology
DEFINITION 10 How do we know what we know. A way of knowing.
2nd Principle for
Research
Beneficence Researchers need to make sure they minimize possible harms to the research participants themselves Research should affect lives Benefits should outweigh the harms TERM 17
3rd Principle for
Research
DEFINITION 17 Justice Belmont Report: Those who take the risks of the research should also receive the benefits from that research. Researchers today must make sure that risks and benefits are fairly distributed within society without bias. Single groups CAN be studied: -clear justification for singling out -benefits would ultimately outweigh the costs TERM 18
Typical Elements of Journal Articles
DEFINITION 18 Literature Review : establishes legitimacy of study divides the paper into distinct sections claims need evidentiary backing each sub-point supports overall claim of paper articulates hypotheses of the study Methodology : describes the investigation steps in detail Participants: the subjects of the study (who?) Procedures: the step-by-step description (how?) Instruments: the measurement tools used (what?) TERM 19
Elements of Journal Articles (continued)
DEFINITION 19 Results : reports the data/evaluates the hypothesis Discussion : articulates the implications of the study Conclusion : reports limitations, situates study in light of previous research, proposes directions for future research References: list of all cited works Appendices : any tables, long lists, copy of instruments, etc. TERM 20
Nominal Variable
DEFINITION 20 variable where categories are (1) mutually exclusive, (2) equivalent, and (3) exhaustive eg: Biological sex, ethnicity, class standing, ID number, weight, ca
Ordinal Variable
categories represent numerical gradients, which allows for the rank ordering of the categories eg: Seeding, TV market ranking TERM 22
Interval Variable
DEFINITION 22 values of the categories are classified in a logical order that represents equal distances between levels within each category (scale) o ( 1 2 3 4 5) o ( -2 -1 0 1 2) o ( 7 11 15 19 23) TERM 23
Ratio Variable
DEFINITION 23 Values of the categories are classified in a logical order that represents equal distances between levels within each category with the presence of an absolute zero point Exam score Age Weight Speed Heart rate TERM 24
Measures of Interval Level Data
DEFINITION 24 Likert Scale : participants respond to a declarative statement with a range of choices (eg. Strong disagree, disagree, agree, strong agree) Semantic Differential Scale : respondents to rate their opinion on a linear scale between two endpoints that have opposite meanings (eg. Good/bad, slow/fast, weak/strong) TERM 25
As communication apprehension increases,
proficiency in public speaking decreases.
DEFINITION 25 1.) Identify the independent variable Communication apprehension 2.) Identify the dependent variable Public speaking 3.) What kind of hypothesis is this? One-tailed hypothesis 4.) What kind of data is the independent variable? Interval
