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RES 235 EXAM 2 WITH V ERCOMPIFIELETED!! SOLUTIONS 100%
What type of x ray film is most commonly used in adults? - ANSWER PA film When viewing an anteroposterior (AP) film, what may be a consideration? -The heart may appear larger than on a posteroanterior (PA) film ANSWER
The ribs may appear more horizontal than normal The lungs may appear smaller than they really are A patient has undergone a ventilation-perfusion scan (V/Q scan). What can be identifiedfrom the ventilation scan? - ANSWER Location of a cancer mass and lung abscess
Alveolar consolidation Which of the following structures in the chest is NOT typically examined using MRI?1. Lung parenchyma
- Hilar structures
- Large vessels in the lung4. Structures in the mediastinum - ANSWER 1. Lung parenchyma
Which of the following structures will result in the most radiopaque shadow on the chestradiograph? - ANSWER Ribs
What lung problem can a ventilation/perfusion scan be used to detect? -Pulmonary embolism ANSWER
CT scanning of the chest would be LEAST useful for which of the following? A. To evaluate patients with asthma B. To evaluate pulmonary embolismC. To identify lung tumors D. To evaluate the large vessels of the mediastinum -with asthma ANSWER A. To evaluate patients
Computed tomography (CT) scanning is commonly used to evaluate what? -Lung nodules and masses, the great vessels of the chest, mediastinum and pleural ANSWER disease. For which condition is CT angiography most commonly used to evaluate patients? A. Bilateral pneumonia B. Pulmonary emboliC. Arteriovenous malformations D. COPD - ANSWER B. Pulmonary emboli What problem exits when interpreting an overexposed chest film? A. The ribs appear wider than normalB. The heart shadow is blurred C. There is difficulty in seeing the peripheral blood vessels D. The diaphragm appears higher than normal -seeing the peripheral blood vessels ANSWER C. There is difficulty in
Which of the following conditions can be identified using pulmonary angiography?1. Pulmonary emboli
intubated patient receiving mechanical ventilation? -cause significant increase in tracheal pressure due to added resistance ANSWER The bronchoscope can
What is the term for the technique used to obtain a specimen of lung parenchyma byinserting flexible forceps through the working channel of a bronchoscope? - ANSWER Transbronchial biopsy Which of the following are NOT roles of the respiratory therapist during bronchoscopeprocedures?
- Ensures that all documentation is in place before the procedure
- Helps to recognize the patient's oxygen requirement and anticipates appropriateoxygen supplement during the procedure
- Working alone without helping other staff
- Assists the physician in operating the bronchoscopic accessories -Working alone without helping other staff ANSWER 3.
What is an advantage of brachytherapy? -delivered to the tumor cells while minimizing radiation to the normal tissues ANSWER A higher dose of radiation can be
Where should a bronchoalveolar lavage be obtained? -part of the lung ANSWER The nondependent
Which x ray is considered the golden standard for detecting pleural effusions? -ANSWER Lateral Decubitus
------ radiograph is taken to compliment the PA radiograph and allows visualization oflung bases and provides a view of lung parenchyma behind the heart. A. Lateral decubitusB. Lateral C. Anteroposterior (AP) - ANSWER B. Lateral
What are the main structures seen on a chest x-ray? -lungs, pleura, mediastinum, upper abdomen, lower neck ANSWER Bones, soft tissue,
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is most commonly used to look at what? -Mediastinum, large vessels in the chest and the heart. ANSWER
T/F: MRI has advantages over other imaging techniques because it does not use x-raysand therefore does not expose patients to ionizing radiation - ANSWER True
Which are advantages of a computed tomography (CT) scan?
- Anatomy may be viewed from any angle and shown three dimensionally2. Excellent anatomic detail and short examination time
- Depict the anatomy of the chest better than standard chest x-ray
- Less radiation than a standard chest x ray - ANSWER 1, 2, and 3 What is a downside of a CT scan? - ANSWER Exposes patient to more radiation T/F: PET-CT scan is useful in helping to evaluate whether a pulmonary nodule is benignor malignant. - ANSWER True
What is a disadvantage of a rigid bronchoscope? -sedated and paralyzed for almost the entire length of the procedure ANSWER Patient needs to be deeply
____bronchoscopy is more widely used by pulmonologists and is available in variouspractice settings - ANSWER Flexible
This bronchoscopy uses fiberoptic bundles to illuminate the endobronchial tree and hasbecome a standard procedure because of its diagnostic value, safety and ease of performance
ANSWER Transbronchial biopsy (TBBx) ____is a nonpharmacologic treatment modality for asthma -thermoplasty ANSWER Bronchial
___ is a technique that allows sampling tissues from the mediastinum or the peripherallung by inserting needles through the bronchial wall. - ANSWER Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) T/F: TBNA can be used to determine the cause of mediastinal lesions and PPNs in aminimally invasive fashion - ANSWER True
___is a technique that uses filters to separate WAVELENGHTS OF WHITE LIGHT andselectively emits red, green, and blue bands. - ANSWER Narrow band imaging (NBI)
T/F: NBI allows one to visualize abnormal distribution and dilation of blood vessels in themucosa, which can be an early sign of malignancy - ANSWER True
T/F: BAL, biopsy and TBNA are the most commonly used diagnostic procedures duringflexible bronchoscopy - ANSWER True
T/F: Airway stenting has been used to maintain airway patency after dilation of anyobstructed major airways - ANSWER True
Complications of bronchoscopy -bronchospasm, arrhythmias (vagal stimulation), respiratory depression ANSWER Hypoxemia, hemorrhage, laryngospasm,
Electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy (ENB) -combines conventional bronchoscopy with virtual bronchoscopy that allows it to reach ANSWER Diagnostic tool that peripheral lung areas that traditional fiberoptic bronchoscopy can't reach
EBUS -video camera allows visualization for guidance of a needle to sample tissue from the ANSWER Bronchoscope with an ultrasound probe attached to the distal end. A mediastinum and peripheral lung areas. MORE accurate for diagnosing lung tumors Indications for bronchoscopy -atelectasis, pulmonary hemmorage, view tumors/cancers, sputum culture ANSWER removal foreign body, mucus plug,
What can you instill to control bleeding or locate area of bleeding? -saline ANSWER Iced
