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Reproductive Systems – Slideshow |, Study notes of Physiology

reproductive system slideshow Material Type: Notes; Class: Anatomy & Physiology; Subject: Biology / Biological Sciences; University: Schoolcraft College; Term: Forever 1989;

Typology: Study notes

2009/2010

Uploaded on 12/07/2010

ephrayim921
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Reproductive

Systems

Chapter 16

Functions of the

Reproductive Systems

Ȉ Produce gametes ( eggs & sperm ) in the gonads ( ovaries & testes )

Ȉ Produce sex hormones

Ȃ Ovaries produce estrogens ( mainly estradiol ) Ȃ Testes produce androgens ( mainly testosterone )

Ȉ Facilitate sexual intercourse

Ȉ Produce offspring

Scrotum

Ȉ Sac enclosing the testes

Ȉ Spermatic cord suspends testis in scrotum

Ȃ Consists of vas deferens, blood & lymph vessels, autonomic nerves, and smooth muscle

Ȉ Cremaster muscle adjusts the position of the testes

Ȃ Optimal temp for spermatogenesis is 2-­‐ degree Celsius below core body temp

Ȉ Glans ( head of penis )

Ȃ Enlargement of the distal end of the corpus spongiosum

Ȃ Distal urethra forms the external urethral orifice

Ȃ Covered by prepuce (foreskin) Ȉ Removed in circumcision

Testes

Ȉ Produce sperm and androgens

Ȉ Sperm is produced in seminiferous tubules Ȃ Spermatogenic cells produce sperm

Ȃ Cells between tubules (interstitial cells) produce male hormones

Spermatogenesis

Ȉ Spermatogonia produce primary spermatocytes

Ȃ Undergo meiosis to produce spermatids Ȉ Sperm cells have 23 chromosomes

Ȃ As they mature, they acquire a tail and become functional sperm

Sperm Anatomy

Ȉ The sperm head contains the nucleus Ȃ DNA consists of haploid (half) number of chromosomes

Ȉ The acrosome contains enzymes which help the sperm enter the ovum

Epididymis

Ȉ Composed of coiled ducts (~20 ft) that receive fluid and sperm from the seminiferous tubules Ȃ Leads from the testes to the vas deferens Ȃ Site of sperm maturation

Ȉ At ejaculation, peristalsis of smooth muscle of ducts in the epididymis propels sperm into the vas deferens

Ȃ Sperm not ejaculated degenerate and are reabsorbed

Ȃ Viable sperm can also linger here for several weeks!

Accessory Glands

Ȉ Secrete most of fluid in semen

Ȃ Only 5% of semen consists of sperm

Ȉ Accessory glands include:

Ȃ Seminal vesicles Ȃ Prostate gland Ȃ —Ž„‘—”‡–Š”ƒŽȋ‘™’‡”ǯ•Ȍ‰Žƒ†•

Accessory Glands

Ȉ Seminal Vesicles

Ȃ Attached to the vas deferens near the base of the urinary bladder

Ȃ Secrete 60% of fluid, including: Ȉ Sugars (fructose) that provides energy to sperm cells

Ȉ Prostaglandins to enhance sperm motility Ȃ Stimulate muscle contractions within the female