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Exocrine Gland
Secretes substances into tiny ducts that empty into the body
cavities and onto surfaces. Examples include sweat and oil
glands.
TERM 2
Endocrine Gland
DEFINITION 2
Do not secrete substances into ducts (ductless glands);
secrete products called hormones and release them into
adjacent tissue spaces.
TERM 3
Hormone
DEFINITION 3
Internal molecular messengers that are nearly every aspect
of reproductive biology
TERM 4
Paracrine
DEFINITION 4
Chemical messengers that are produced by endocrine cells
and diffuse to act locally on adjacent target cells with
appropriate receptors
TERM 5
Are the endocrine glands single or
paired?
DEFINITION 5
Hypothalamus (single)Pineal Gland (single)Pituitary Gland
(single)Parathyroid (2 pairs)Thyroid (single)Adrenal Glands
(single)Pancreas (single)Placenta during pregnancy
(paired)Gonads (paired)Thymus
What does the reception to peptide hormone
lead to?
The formation of secondary messenger molecules Ca2+ and
cAMP, which leads to a cascade of enzymatic events,
resulting in cellular response
TERM 7
What is the precursor molecule for ALL steroid
hormones?
DEFINITION 7
Cholesterol
TERM 8
Androgens
DEFINITION 8
Substances that promote the development and function of
male reproductive structures.
TERM 9
Estrogens
DEFINITION 9
Stimulate the maturation and function female reproductive
structures
TERM 10
Progesterogens
DEFINITION 10
Substances that cause the uterus to be secretory
Negative Feedback
Shuts down the hormonal production once levels are
sufficient to maintain homeostasis
TERM 17
FSH
DEFINITION 17
Stimulates the ovaries to produce mature germ cells
(female)Sperm production in tests (male)
TERM 18
LH
DEFINITION 18
Causes interstitial cells in testes to synthesize and secrete
androgens (male)Induces egg from ovary (female)
TERM 19
Pineal Gland
DEFINITION 19
Single, out-pocketing from the roof of the brain; produces
melatonin
TERM 20
Melatonin
DEFINITION 20
Can inhibit the repoductive systems of males and females
and are components to some birth controls. Exposure to light
inhibits secretion
Distinguish regular neuron and
neurosecretory neuron
A neurosecretory neuron's speed of electrical conduction is
much slower than a regular neuron, and are specialized to
synthesize a large amount of neurohormones in their cell
bodies.
TERM 22
Name two hormones released by the
neurohypophysis
DEFINITION 22
Oxytocin and Vasopressin
TERM 23
Positive Feedback
DEFINITION 23
RH Simulates and increase in hormonal input. The switch to
"turn on" hormone production
TERM 24
What is the purpose of RH and RIH? List one
example for each
DEFINITION 24
RH increases the output of a particular adenhypophysis
hormone.Example: TRHRIH lowers the secretion of a
particular adenhypophysis hormone.Example: PRIH
TERM 25
Kallmann's Syndrome
DEFINITION 25
X-linked inherited disease associated with the inability to
smell and infertility. This disease can be treated with GnRH
injections, whereas fertility can be restored, but the inability
to smell will remain. Males are more often affected due to
them only having one X chromosome
False
The neurosecretory hormone conducts faster nerve impulses
as it produces neurohormones that are packaged in large
storage granules
TERM 32
Steroid Hormone
DEFINITION 32
This type of hormone is transported to the nucleus where it
binds with its receptor and influences transcriptional and
translational events
TERM 33
Two types of second messenger molecules
DEFINITION 33
cAMP and Ca2+
TERM 34
Acidophils
DEFINITION 34
Stain pink due to their affinity for acidic dyes
TERM 35
Basophils
DEFINITION 35
Stain dark due to their affinity for basic dyes
Structures of the female reproductive system:
Single or paired?
Ovaries (paired)Oviducts (paired)Uterus (single)Vagina
(single)External genitalia (single)Mammary glands (paired)
TERM 37
Primary vs. Secondary structures
DEFINITION 37
Primary structures the internal structures of the reproductive
system.Secondary are the external structures of the
reproductive system
TERM 38
Two parts of the ovary
DEFINITION 38
Outer cortex: Houses female germ cellsCentral medulla:
large spirally arranged blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and
nerves
TERM 39
Ovary
DEFINITION 39
Small, almond-shaped whitish/yellowish color; 1-2 inches in
length; 0.5in in width
TERM 40
Function of interstitial cells
DEFINITION 40
To secrete steroidal compounds
Stratum Functionalis
Shed monthly/quarterly
TERM 47
Stratum Basalis
DEFINITION 47
Source of blood buildup
TERM 48
What is the relationship between oocytes and
follicle cells?
DEFINITION 48
Oocytes (female germ cells) are enclosed in the ovarian
follicle cells (tissue sacs)
TERM 49
Zona Pellucida
DEFINITION 49
Thin, transparent membrane found between the oocyte and
follicular wall
TERM 50
Salpingectomy
DEFINITION 50
Removal of the oviduct
Primordial Follicles
At the outskirts of the ovarian cortex. Composed of oocytes
and membrana granulosa (single layer ~15 cells)
TERM 52
Primary Follicles
DEFINITION 52
Cubed Shaped granulosa cells. Theca developes covering
over granulosa that contains small blood vessels
TERM 53
Secondary Follicles
DEFINITION 53
Granulosa is 2-6 cell layers thick
TERM 54
Tertiary Follicles
DEFINITION 54
Secretes fluid accumulate between the cells. Development
takes place over 2 to 3 month interval
TERM 55
Antral Fluid
DEFINITION 55
Contains steroid, protein hormones, and anticoagulants
