Reproduction in Animals - Animal Science - Lecture Slides, Slides of Biology

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Reproduction in Animals

Conditions for Fertilization

• Anatomy of Male & Female must be compatible
• Female must be in Heat
• Egg must be mature

What are the Male Reproductive

Organs?

• Testicles - produce spermatozoa & male hormone Testosterone
• Scrotom - sack which carries testicles
  • functions as a heat regulator
• Monorchid - one fertile testicle
• Cryptorchid - both testes remain in body cavity (sterile)
• Castration - removal of testicles
  • lack sex drive
  • gain weight quicker

What are the Male Reproductive

Organs?

• Epididymis - tube connects to testes
• storage of spermatozoa ( billion at a time)
• spermatozoa mature as they migrate through
• Vas Deferens - tube connects to epididymus
  • if removed, can't reproduce = vasectomy

Accessory Sex Glands

• prostate
• two seminal vesicles
• two cowpers glands

What is the function of the Accessory

Sex Glands?

• provide medium for transporting sperm
• adds volume
• provides nutrients
• cleans & flushes urinary tract

Class ml/ejaculate Sperm Conc No. Females

Bull 5-6 800-1,200 300-

Ram 1 800-4,000 40-

Boar 200-300 25-1,000 15-

Stallion 50-150 30-800 8-

Artificial Insemination

What is the function of the female?

• contribute 1/2 chromosomes
• care for young in uterus and after birth until weaning

What are the Female Reproductive

Organs?

• Cervix - "Mouth of the womb"
• opening into uterus
• at birth cervix stretches to allowbaby to pass (most painful part)
• during pregnancy cervix becomes blocked with a mucous plug to prevent infection

What are the Female Reproductive

Organs?

• Uterine Horns - two branches of uterus
• Fallopian Tube - uterine horn becomes a small tube - lined with cilia which aid in egg migration

Reproduction in Males

• After sexual maturity, sperm production is continuous
• Testosterone is responsible for:
  • growth, development & activity of accessory glands
  • survival of spermatozoa
  • secondary sex characteristics:male voice, sex drive

Reproduction in Females

• Farm animals reach sexual maturity at 4 months (sow) to 24 months (mare), then

Female comes in heat (estrus)

Egg released by ovary

Egg travels down tube until fertilized by

sperm

• Estrogen - female hormone which regulates estrus

What does "in heat" mean?

• Heat is the time when a female is receptive to the male and will allow breeding to take place
• Heat is actually divided into 4 phases of the cycle.