A. Genetic Diversity
B. Asexual
C. Sexual
XV. Reproduction
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Genetic Reproduction: Asexual vs. Sexual and Genetic Diversity - Prof. Roman E. Boldyreff, Study notes of Biology
The differences between asexual and sexual reproduction, focusing on the role of genetic diversity in new genotypes and phenotypes. Asexual reproduction includes methods like budding, regeneration, fission, and parthenogenesis in plants and animals. Sexual reproduction involves the union of an egg and sperm cell, with examples of monoecious, dioecious, and alternation of generations in plants and animals.
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A. Genetic Diversity B. Asexual C. Sexual
XV. Reproduction
- Genetic recombination results in new gene combinations, genotypes
- New genotypes may result in new trait variations, phenotypes
- New variations may increase survival & reproductive rates
A. Genetic Diversity
a. Runners- modified above ground stems; vines & strawberries b. Rhizomes- modified below ground stems; grasses & liquorice c. Tubers- modified below ground storage stems with lateral buds; potatoes, sweet potatoes, & American ground nut ( Apios americana )
2. Asexual Plants
a. Budding b. Regeneration c. Fission d. Parthenogenesis
3. Asexual Animals
1.) Two new individuals grow when adult is unintentionally split in two 2.) Platyhelminthes, Annelida, & some Echinodermata; especially starfish
b. Regeneration
1.) Two new individuals form from the intentional fission of an adult 2.) Corals, annelids, platyhelminthes
c. Fission
- Two parents, genetically diverse offspring
- Syngamy
- Monoecious & Diecious
- Plants
- Animals
C. Sexual
a. Union of an egg & sperm cell b. Broadcast fertilization- random release of gametes, some plants (open pollination) & some animals c. Pollination- pollen carriers, most plants d. External or internal fertilization- mate selection, most animals
2. Syngamy
a. Alternation of Generations b. Examples c. Gametophyte prominence
4. Plants
a. Alternation of Generations
b. Example- pine
1.) Major to minor 2.) Mosses > Ferns > Gymnosperms & Angiosperms
c. Gametophyte prominence
1.) Placed on ground- spiders & mites 2.) Placed on or in female- lobsters & crayfish 3.) Placed in female- squid