Download ReMar QUICK FACTS pg. 21-40 Questions And Answers With Verified Tests 100% Correct Answers and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity!
ReMar QUICK FACTS pg. 21- 40
What are the three disorders that make up COPD? - CORRECT ANSWER-Asthma, bronchitis, emphysema What are the signs/symptoms of COPD - CORRECT ANSWER-SOB with activity, wheezing, productive cough cyanosis What would the ABG of a client with COPD show? - CORRECT ANSWER-hypoxemia what does the chest of a client with COPD look like? - CORRECT ANSWER-barrel chest What would the fingers of a client with COPD look like? - CORRECT ANSWER-clubbed due to SOB with activity clients may experience ________ ________ because of difficulty eating - CORRECT ANSWER-weight loss Why must you assess the amount of C02 your COPD client receives? - CORRECT ANSWER-COPDers keep a high level of C02 in their blood, breathing is controlled by this fact A client with COPD should not receive 02 by NC greater than ______ - CORRECT ANSWER-2 LPM To control SOB, the _____ ____ ____ technique should be taught - CORRECT ANSWER-pursed lip breathing in celiac disease, malabsorption of _____ occurs - CORRECT ANSWER-fats foods containing _________ must not be eaten - CORRECT ANSWER-Gluten what foods contain gluten? - CORRECT ANSWER-B.R.O.W. (barley, rye, oats, wheat) the clients abdomen is often __________ - CORRECT ANSWER-distended what does the clients stool with celiac disease look like? - CORRECT ANSWER-smelly, pale, bulky, expect lots of gas with some diarrhea the best food substitutes are ________ and _______ - CORRECT ANSWER-corn, rice
define the term CVA- cerebrovascular accident - CORRECT ANSWER-reduction of cerebral blood flow and oxygen causing brain cell damage the three most common causes of CVA are - CORRECT ANSWER-embolism, hemorrhage, thrombus What are the signs of a CVA - CORRECT ANSWER-client complains of headache, nausea, nuchal rigidity, HTN, slow bounding pulse, Cheyne-stokes respirations, speech changes, facial droop What is the difference between CVA and transient ischemic attack (TIA) - CORRECT ANSWER-TIA is a temporary period of neurological deficit. it has a similar sign as a CVA, but the symptom will resolve What are the signs of cataracts - CORRECT ANSWER-milky/white lens painless, blurred vision how are cataracts treated? - CORRECT ANSWER-no treatment until vision is severely impaired during cataract surgery, what is done? - CORRECT ANSWER-cataracts are removed and a new lens may be implanted after cataract surgery, will vision be corrected? - CORRECT ANSWER-only if a new lens in placed. if no lens is placed, the client will need glasses/contacts after cataract surgery, what is the main concern? - CORRECT ANSWER-the check for hemorrhage of the eye. place the client in semi-fowlers position what do you tell clients after cataract surgery to avoid? - CORRECT ANSWER- coughing, sneezing, bending over at the waist, straining, rubbing eye, or crying. no lifting greater than 5 pounds how should the post op cataract client sleep? - CORRECT ANSWER-sleep on unaffected side or, if surgery was on both eyes, sleep on back use eye shield ay night to protect eye What is agnosia? - CORRECT ANSWER-inability to use an object correctly Expressive aphasia occurs when ____ - CORRECT ANSWER-client cannot communicate properly (aphasia can be expressive or receptive) if the left hemisphere is affected, you will see weakness on the ________ side - CORRECT ANSWER-right
What is uremic frost? - CORRECT ANSWER-urea crystals that come through the skin with perspiration where would you see this uremic frost? - CORRECT ANSWER-face, underarms, groin; teach clients to wash skin with plain water What are the nursing interventions for chronic renal failure? - CORRECT ANSWER- modifications of diet, give diuretics, anti-hypertensives, monitor BUN and creatinine, daily weight Clients may need ______ to assist with waste removal in CRF - CORRECT ANSWER- dialysis What is the best diet for chronic renal failure patients? - CORRECT ANSWER-high carb, low protein, the goal of this diet is to provide energy while decreasing protein metabolism Compazine belongs to which class of antipsychotics? - CORRECT ANSWER- Phenothiazines The drug in smaller doses can be used as an antiemetic, which means is suppresses _____ and ______ - CORRECT ANSWER-Nausea, vomiting prochlorperazine will make you ______, so avoid driving and operating heavy machinery - CORRECT ANSWER-drowsy the routes of administration for prochlorperazine are IV, IM, PO. Which route last longest? - CORRECT ANSWER-IM (decorate form) As with all anti-psychotic drugs, clients must be monitored for ________ reactions - CORRECT ANSWER-Extra-pyramidal What are extra-pyramidal reactions? - CORRECT ANSWER-dystonia, tardive dyskinesia, akathisia What class of medications can be given to decrease extra-pyramidal reactions - CORRECT ANSWER-anti-parkinson's (ex. cogentin [benztropine]) What herbal medications is contraindicated with compazine? - CORRECT ANSWER- kava kava Most corticosteroids end in _______ - CORRECT ANSWER--ONE What are some examples of corticosteroids? - CORRECT ANSWER-Dexamethasone, cortisone, prednisone
what are the primary functions of corticosteroids? - CORRECT ANSWER-to decrease inflammation and hormone replacement what should you teach clients about stopping corticosteroid therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER-to gradually decrease use; don't abruptly stop What must be monitored while a client is taking a steroid? - CORRECT ANSWER- potassium level, glucose level, and I &O's corticosteroids my cause symptoms of ___________ - CORRECT ANSWER-Cushing's syndrome corticosteroids will also delay _______ healing - CORRECT ANSWER-wound If the client is NPO for surgery should you still give the steroid? - CORRECT ANSWER- yes, during surgery, stress and illness in the body increase the need for corticosteroids. in all other situations, do not take steroids on an empty stomach The client is unable to shrug his shoulders; which nerve is dysfunctional? - CORRECT ANSWER-CN X1 Accessory A client is unable to smell his morning coffee; which nerve is dysfunctional? - CORRECT ANSWER-CN 1 Olfactory A client is unable to distinguish between salty and sweet tastes, which nerve is dysfunctional? - CORRECT ANSWER-CN VII Facial What does CN 1- Olfactory control? - CORRECT ANSWER-sense of smell What does CN II- Optic control? - CORRECT ANSWER-vision What does CN III- Oculomotor, CN IV- trochlear, and VI- abducens control? - CORRECT ANSWER-Eye Movement What does CN V- Trigeminal control? - CORRECT ANSWER-Sensations of the face What does CN VII- Facial control? - CORRECT ANSWER-Expressions of the face What does CN VIII- Acoustic control? - CORRECT ANSWER-hearing and balance What does CN IX- Glossopharyngeal control? - CORRECT ANSWER-gag and swallow What does CN X- vagus control? - CORRECT ANSWER-gag and parasympathetic What does CN XI- Spinal Accessory control? - CORRECT ANSWER-back and neck muscles
How does poor absorption of fat in the digestive tract change the appearance of stool? - CORRECT ANSWER-it causes steatorrhea (greasy, foul-smelling, pale stool) _______ _______ are given with each meal to help with the absorption of nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER-Pancreatic Enzymes What is the most appropriate diet for cystic fibrosis? - CORRECT ANSWER-high calorie, high protein ____ ____ is a common technique used to clear thick mucous from the lungs. This is important for preventing respiratory infections. - CORRECT ANSWER-Postural Drainage What should parents who already have a child with cystic fibrosis do before having another child? - CORRECT ANSWER-They should get genetic counseling because cystic fibrosis is hereditary Which type of diabetes is controlled mostly by diet and exercise - CORRECT ANSWER- type II diabetes mellitus Which type of diabetes is controlled mostly by insulin? - CORRECT ANSWER-Type 1 diabetes mellitus What should you teach diabetics about foot care? - CORRECT ANSWER-Have MD cut toenails; cut toenails straight across. inspect feet daily for sores. keep skin clean and dry If a diabetic vomits after taking PO insulin, what should they do? - CORRECT ANSWER-Monitor blood sugar and do not repeat dose. the medication may have been absorbed How often should a diabetic get an eye exam? - CORRECT ANSWER-yearly, diabetes can cause retinopathy What is insulin lipodystrophy? - CORRECT ANSWER-It is the result of not rotating SQ insulin injection sites. if the client injects in the same place repeatedly, a fatty mass will appear. decreasing insulin absorption in that area. Teach injection site rotation Do you need to aspirate if injecting insulin SQ - CORRECT ANSWER-no Exubera is a ____________ insulin - CORRECT ANSWER-inhaled exercising ______ blood glucose - CORRECT ANSWER-lowers
infection, dehydration, stress, and surgery __________ blood glucose - CORRECT ANSWER-increase What do you give when your client is hypoglycemic and UNCONSCIOUS - CORRECT ANSWER-glucagon (IV or IM) Why is digoxin prescribed - CORRECT ANSWER-to treat heart failure and arrhythmias Digoxin is a ______ ________ - CORRECT ANSWER-cardiac glycoside Always hold digoxin if the heart rate is less than _____ - CORRECT ANSWER- 60 What is the therapeutic blood range for digoxin - CORRECT ANSWER- 1 - 2 greater than 2=toxic What are the signs of digoxin toxicity? - CORRECT ANSWER-seeing yellow spots, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain How is digoxin toxicity treated? - CORRECT ANSWER-dose will be lowered, in severe cases, give activated charcoal or digiband What are the three ways a diuretic can be given? - CORRECT ANSWER-PO, IV, IM Why are diuretics prescribed? - CORRECT ANSWER-chronic heart failure fluid overload renal failure When should clients take diuretics? - CORRECT ANSWER-in the morning to prevent nocturia Why should clients take diuretics in the morning? - CORRECT ANSWER-if taken in the evening, clients will be going to the bathroom all night What should clients on diuretics be monitored for? - CORRECT ANSWER-dehydration, low K+, hyponatremia, and weight loss loop and thiazide diuretics inhibit which electrolytes? - CORRECT ANSWER-potassium, sodium, chloride lassie (furosemide) is a ______ diuretic - CORRECT ANSWER-loop Thiazide diuretics are contraindicated in clients allergic to? - CORRECT ANSWER-sulfa drugs an osmotic diuretic used to reduce ICP - CORRECT ANSWER-mannitol (osimitrol)
Can epiglottitis be treated at home? - CORRECT ANSWER-no, the child must go to the hospital immediately When assessing airway can you use a tongue depressor or tongue blade? - CORRECT ANSWER-no, NEVER put anything in the mouth to assess If the child cannot breathe during epiglottitis, what can be done? - CORRECT ANSWER-intubation What medication will be given to treat epiglottitis? - CORRECT ANSWER-antibiotic therapy How can epiglottitis be avoided? - CORRECT ANSWER-by getting the H.Influenzae vaccine How is genital herpes spread? - CORRECT ANSWER-through sexual contact or during birth What are the symptoms of genital herpes for males? - CORRECT ANSWER-painful, vesicular lesions What are the symptoms of genital herpes for females? - CORRECT ANSWER-painful, vesicular lesions (f) Are the lesions of genital herpes always present on the body? - CORRECT ANSWER- no, they come and go If lesions of genital herpes are present in a pregnant woman, how should she deliver? - CORRECT ANSWER-C-section What triggers outbreaks of genital herpes? - CORRECT ANSWER-stress, anxiety, high emotions How often should a woman with herpes get a pap smear? - CORRECT ANSWER-every six months can genital herpes be cured? what is the treatment? - CORRECT ANSWER-no cure, acyclovir How does glaucoma affect vision? - CORRECT ANSWER-blurry and tunnel vision noted. there will be halos around lights this condition can be acute or chronic due to _______ _______ _______ - CORRECT ANSWER-increased intraocular pressure
is the simple, painless procedure used to measure intraocular pressure - CORRECT ANSWER-tonometry What are the two types of glaucoma - CORRECT ANSWER-open angle and closed angled Which type of glaucoma is painful? - CORRECT ANSWER-Closed angle is painful but it is not the most common of the two State the class of drug used to constrict the pupil and let aqueous humor flow - CORRECT ANSWER-miotics give and example of a miotic - CORRECT ANSWER-timoptic and pilocarpine why might diuretics be given to clients with glaucoma? - CORRECT ANSWER-to decrease aqueous humor production What diuretic is usually prescribed for a patient with glaucoma? - CORRECT ANSWER- mannitol (osmitrol) because it is an osmotic diuretic never give _______ because they dilate the pupil - CORRECT ANSWER-mydriatics is surgery is required for glaucoma, what should you monitor for post-operatively? - CORRECT ANSWER-hemorrhage What post-op teaching after glaucoma surgery should be taught? - CORRECT ANSWER-no staring, no heavy lifting, no crying, or rubbing of eyes Tetanus and diphtheria are optional vaccinations; what is the earliest age they can be given? - CORRECT ANSWER-2 months At 2 months of age what immunizations should you get - CORRECT ANSWER-Hep B #2, DTap, Hib, IPV, PCV At birth what immunizations should you get - CORRECT ANSWER-Hep B # At 4 months of age what immunizations should you get - CORRECT ANSWER-all 2- month immunizations except Hep B At 6 months of age what immunizations should you get - CORRECT ANSWER-all 2- month immunizations At 12 months of age what immunizations should you get - CORRECT ANSWER-MMR #1, Hib, PCV, Varicella
What is the lifestyle of Ulcerative Colitis patients? - CORRECT ANSWER-non-smokers What is the treatment for Crohns Disease? - CORRECT ANSWER-anti-inflammatory steroids NPO Status- bowel rest Surgery will not help, disease will reoccur What is the treatment of Ulcerative Colitis? - CORRECT ANSWER-anti-inflammatory steroids NPO Status- bowel rest Surgery to remove affected area Incentive Spirometry is a method of _____ _______ that helps maximize lung inflation. - CORRECT ANSWER-deep breathing Instruct the client to place _____ tightly around the mouth piece. - CORRECT ANSWER-lips Incentive Spirometry is used after surgery to prevent ____. - CORRECT ANSWER- Atelectasis What is the normal intracranial pressure range? - CORRECT ANSWER- 5 - 15 mm Hg What are the common causes of ICP? - CORRECT ANSWER-trauma, hemorrhage, edema, tumors What do you assess in a patient with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) - CORRECT ANSWER-level of conscious (it decreases as ICP increases) What is the earliest sign of ICP? - CORRECT ANSWER-decreased level of consciousness The client with ICP with often appear? - CORRECT ANSWER-restless, agitated, complaining of headaches Babies who have ICP will present with what? - CORRECT ANSWER-bulging fontanelles late signs of ICP are - CORRECT ANSWER-unilateral pupil dilation, hypotension, bradycardia Clients with ICP may complain of ________ vomiting - CORRECT ANSWER-projectile vomiting without nausea How will the vital signs appear with ICP? - CORRECT ANSWER-B/P (up)
temp (up) respirations (up then down) heart rate (up) What is widening pulse pressure and how is it related to ICP? - CORRECT ANSWER- When systolic blood pressure goes up and diastolic continues to go down so that they become further apart (ex. 135/40 is a BAD sign) three things: widening pulse pressure, Cheyne Stokes Respirations, and bradycardia - CORRECT ANSWER-What is Cushing's triad? seizure - CORRECT ANSWER-If a patient is experiencing cushion's triad, initiate ______ precautions 10 to 30 degrees, to promote jugular venous outflow - CORRECT ANSWER-If a patient is experiencing cushion's triad, elevate head of bed to anticonvulsants blood pressure medications corticosteroids diuretics - CORRECT ANSWER-What medications all be prescribed for ICP? strain, cough, or sneeze - CORRECT ANSWER-Clients with ICP; tell them not to _____, ______, or ______. decrease environmental stimuli. Maintain body temperature limit fluid intake. monitor intake and output - CORRECT ANSWER-Nursing interventions for ICP are room - too hot or cold will have side effects (nausea, dizziness, etc.) - CORRECT ANSWER-Ear Medications should be _____ temperature. supine, with affected ear up - CORRECT ANSWER-What position should the client be in when receiving ear medications? up - CORRECT ANSWER-When administering ear medications to an adult, draw the pinna back and _________ down - CORRECT ANSWER-When administering ear medications to a child, draw the pinna back and _________ 5 minutes - CORRECT ANSWER-How long should the head be tilted to allow medication to travel the ear canal? ____ minutes apply pressure - CORRECT ANSWER-When giving eye medications, do this to prevent meds from going into the nasal passage
IV, make sure it is patent - CORRECT ANSWER-Before you start IV fluids, assess clients ____ cool, swollen, tender, painful at the site - CORRECT ANSWER-If the IV is infiltrated, what would you see?
