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Religion 1 :
Methodological Agnosticism
- Uncertainty with god, whether there is god or there isn't Theology the study of the nature of God and religious belief.
- Assumes one religion (or religious worldview) is correct
- Usually only studied by religious “insiders”
- Takes a religion on its own terms Study of Religion
- Not concerned with “correctness” of religious claims
- Can be studied by both “insiders” and “outsiders”
- Takes a religion on terms
- defined by academic disciplines (sociology, psychology, etc.) Religion as “internal”:
- Personal, mental, psychological, etc. “Invisible Hand of the Free Market”
- Creates laws that we must follow, punishes those that do not
- Powerful entity that governs everyone’s life
- Has worshippers and priests of its own
- Unquestionable/infallible
Pastafarianism
- it doesn't solicit funds from its followers, having no hierarchy and no physical places of worship to maintain Satirical religion
- A satirical religion is a type of religion that uses humor and satire to comment on and critique traditional religious beliefs and practices. Satirical religions often use absurd or exaggerated beliefs and practices to highlight the irrationality or hypocrisy of established religions.
- Most adherents are atheists
Obi Canuel’s case
- Real religion must be “sincere”
- Real religion must be “consistent” Secularism in Quebec before the quiet revolution (before 1960)
- Roman Catholic Church responsible for Francophone education, medicine, and social services •High drop-out rates •Roman Catholic Church permeated social life, received preferential treatment •After WWII, anti-Catholic sentiments grew •Communists and Jehovah’s Witnesses Before the Quiet Revolution in Quebec (before 1960), secularism was not as prevalent as it is today. In fact, the Catholic Church had a significant influence on Quebec society and politics, and many aspects of daily life were intertwined with the Church. WHAT COUNTS AS A “RELIGIOUS” SYMBOL?
- Before the Quiet Revolution in Quebec (before 1960), secularism was not as prevalent as it is today. In fact, the Catholic Church had a significant influence on Quebec society and politics, and many aspects of daily life were intertwined with the Church. SECULARISM IN QUEBEC THE QUIET REVOLUTION (1960-1970)
- Roman Catholic Church responsible for Francophone education, medicine, and social services •High drop-out rates •Roman Catholic Church permeated social life, received preferential treatment •After WWII, anti-Catholic sentiments grew •Communists and Jehovah’s Witnesses **Reasonable accommodations
- Equality Rights**
- Equality before and under law and equal protection and benefit of law
- (1) Every individual is equal before and under the law and has the right to the equal protection and equal benefit of the law without discrimination and, in particular, without discrimination based on race, national or ethnic origin, color,religion sex, age or mental or physical disability. Affirmative action programs
- (2) Subsection (1) does not preclude any law, program or activity that has as its object the amelioration of conditions of disadvantaged individuals or groups including those that are disadvantaged because of race, national or ethnic origin, color,religion, sex, age or mental or physical disability. Indigenous Religion
- Early efforts at forming colonies were unsuccessful First permanent colonies of significance in the US were founded in the mid-16th century First permanent colonies of significance in Canada were founded 1604 Valladolid debate (1550-1551)
- Bartolomé de las Casas
- Juan de Sepúlveda Sillery, Quebec – Canada’s first Indian Reserve 1637 – founded by Catholic priests Métis and Catholicism Marriages between French Catholic fur traders and Indigenous women.Typically, Catholic with strong foundation in Indigenous traditions Supported by the Catholic church as part of westward expansion of the religion (against Anglophone Protestantism) Louis Riel (1844-1885) Richard Pratt- assimilation by education, creator of residential schools Haudenosaunee Also known as the Iroquois Confederation of six nations: Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, Tuscarora First encountered Europeans in 1500s Beaver fur trade Clans within each nation Longhouse Tradition (Gaiwiio)
- Founder: Handsome Lake aka Ganioda’yo (Seneca of the Iroquois Confederacy) 1799 “The Code of Handsome Lake” Four Evil Words: Whisky, Witchcraft, Charms/Amulets, “Longhouse” as a symbol of a house protecting the five Iroquois/Haudenosaunee bands
Hinduism
- No founder figure
- Beliefs and practice formed over time
- Indus Valley Civilization( 2300-1500)
- Indo European settlers enter Indus valley(1500 BCE) Vedic Period Vedic Period (1500-500 BCE) •Written Sanskrit texts (that we understand!) •The four Vedas composed (1500-1000 BCE) Rigveda,Yajurveda, Samaveda, Atharvaveda •Brahmanas composed (800-600 BCE) •Aranyakas composed (600 BCE) •Upanishads composed (700-500 BCE) Pre-Hindu Brahmanism •Polytheistic religion (mostly male deities) •Brahmin priests •Rituals did not require temples •Individual access to the gods Early ascetic reforms within Hinduism •Mahavira (549-477 BCE)
- Gautama/Buddha (563-483 BCE)
- Decline of Brahmanism
- Vedic Sanskrit becomes a ritual language
- •Competing religions in India
- •Urbanization Emergence of Classical Hinduism (500 BCE-300 CE) •Influence of ascetic reform movements
- Classical Sanskrit
- Emergence of “orthodox” Hinduism, with clear parameters
- Centrality of the Vedas established
The East India Company was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874 British Raj (1858-1947) was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent French Empire (1674-1954) The First French Empire, officially the First French Republic, then the French Empire after 1809, also known as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century
- Denmark-Norway (1620-1868)
- “Hinduism” first used (1829)
- Orientalist interest in Hindu mysticism **Indian Independence Movement (1850-1960)
- series of historic events with the ultimate aim of ending British rule in India. Indian Mutiny of 1857** The Indian Mutiny of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny, was a major uprising against British rule in India. It began in Meerut on May 10, 1857, when a group of sepoys (Indian soldiers serving in the British army) refused to use the new rifle cartridges that were rumored to be greased with cow and pig fat, which would have been against their religious beliefs.
- British Indian Army in WW
- Gandhi
- Partitioning of Indian provinces
- into India and Pakistan (1947) Influence of Hinduism on New Religious Movements Hinduism, as one of the world's oldest religions, has had a significant influence on new religious movements that emerged in the 19th and 20th centuries. Many of these new religious movements borrowed from Hinduism, either by incorporating Hindu practices and beliefs or by adapting Hindu concepts to their own teachings. •Hindu Nationalism (Hindutva) Postcolonial theory Postcolonial theory is an academic discipline that emerged in the late 20th century, primarily in response to the colonial legacy of European imperialism. It is a multidisciplinary field that seeks
to understand the social, cultural, and political impact of colonialism and imperialism on the colonized peoples and their cultures. Initial south Asian immigration (1903) South Asian immigration to North America has a long history that dates back to the late 19th century. The first wave of South Asian immigration was primarily driven by economic factors, including the need for labor in the British colonies and the opportunities for trade in the United States. •Not allowed to vote in Canadian Federal elections until 1947 •Multiculturalization of Canada (1960s-present) How many gods are there? •Orthodox Hinduism is very flexible •Polytheism •Monotheism •Atheism •Monism (Brahman) Trimurti •Three main Gods •Brahma •Vishnu •Shiva •Common in iconography Creator god •Linked with Prajapati •Four faces •Rarely worshiped today Trimurti Vishnu Also known as Adideva •Preserving deity •Associated with kindness and “order”
•Four Goals •Artha (worldly success) •Kama (pleasure) •Dharma (morality)
Moksha Vedas (“Knowledge”)
Oldest Hindu texts
Sanskrit
Authoritative to nearly all Hindus
Four Vedas
Rigveda
Yajurveda
Samaveda
Atharvaveda Rig Veda: Hymn to Agni (Fire) I call upon Agni, the one placed in front, the divine priest of the sacrifice, the invoker, the best bestower of gifts. Agni is worthy of being called upon by seers past and present: may he bring the gods here! Through Agni may one obtain wealth and prosperity day by day, splendid and abounding in heroic sons. O Agni, the sacrifice and work of the sacrifice, which you encompass on all sides--that alone goes to the gods. May Agni, the invoker who has the powers of a sage, true and most brilliant in glory, come here, a god with the gods! Whatsoever favor you wish to do for a worshipper, Agni, that favor of yours surely comes true, O Angiras [member of a priestly family].O Agni, you who gleam in the darkness, to you we come day by day, with
devotion and bearing homage; to you, ruler of the sacrifices, keeper of the Rta [cosmic law], brightly shining, growing in your abode. So, be of easy access to us, Agni, as a father to his son. Abide with us for our well-being. Agni Upanishads Philosophical teachings of Hinduism Sanskrit
- Over 100 Upanishads are known; 13 of significant importance Upanishads: Teachings “The doer of good becomes good; the doer of evil becomes evil. As in one's' desire, such is one’s resolve; As is the resolve, such is the action, which one attains for oneself.” “From the unreal lead me to the real! From darkness leads me to light! From death led me to immortality!” Upanishads: Teachings The description of Brahman: “Not this, not this”; for there is no other and more appropriate description than this "Not this." Now the designation of Brahman: “The Truth of truth.” The vital breath is truth and It (Brahman) is the Truth of that. Bhagavad Gita (“The Song of God”) •Sanskrit •Dialogue between Krishna and Arjun •Takes place about 3000 BCE - Kurukshetra War Bhagavad Gita excerpts
Wise Karma-yogis, possessed with mental poise by renouncing the attachment to the fruits of work, are indeed freed from the bondage of rebirth and attain the blissful divine state.
The desire for sensual pleasures fades away if one abstains from sense enjoyment, but the craving (for sense enjoyment) remains. The craving also disappears from the one who has
Over 200 known
Devangari
Each has four parts
Jnana pada
Yoga pada
Kriya pada
Charya pada Small Group Discussion
Check D2L For Discussion Topic and Reading
Bhagavad Gita
Groups Should Pick a Topic Together
READ OUT LOUD Hindu Worship Shrines
Puja (worship)
Murtis (images)
Mantras (prayers) Hindu Worship Shrines Hindu Worship Temples (mandir)
Reading of Vedas
Celebration of festivals
Community gathering site Hindu Festivals
Diwali — Festival of Lights
Dussera
Ganesha Chaturthi
Holi — Festival of Colors
Krishna Janmashtami
Maha Shivratri
Navratri
Raksha Bandhan Hindu Festivals Food in Hinduism
Cows as sacred
Maturity Renunciation Search Awakening and liberation Teaching Death HISTORY OF BUDDHISM AFTER BUDDHA’S DEATH First Buddhist Council (c. 400 BCE) Methodological agnoticsm - uncertainity with god, whether or not there is god
- Revolution - catholic church,
- Incientto revolution- alchol revolution, communists, jehovah witnesses bar offered bail
- 1960 began ended 1970choir revolution
- Ban mississauga haudineshone , ones were present in toronto
- Metis are indigenous they were not in toronto, exist because of settler
- Who was not ther ein settler metis
- When was last residential 1996
- Sanskrit -hindy texts
- Bhavad gita arjuna krishna
- Noble truths of bduhims suffering, desire , attachment, sensationof suffring 8
- Sikhism how many gurus 11
- Kesh, kurpads dagger,kanga comb hair, kara bracelet, kachera undergarment 5 Ks relate to body Taoism 3 pure- J pure,grand pure
- Bible - whow as first jewish- abraham
- Mergence of jewish denominations synagogues orthodox differences between reformed jeweish- orthodox- coninue to pray for a third temple Still in hebrew use of local languages gender equality , women can be rabbis Refirned jyeudism - european jewish, regular laws of germany When did jesus die -30 AD Ramdan - quran revealed 5 pillars Sunni
New movemnts 1918 Athism - someone doesn't follow god but some gods, not participating in traditional gods Access to gods Unmediated access to divine Islam -sufism Mysticism - access to divine- prophet muhammad angels Syncretism Islam
- Judaism – pertains to the religion of Jewish people
- Jewishness – pertains to ethnicity or culture of Jewish people •Denomination and Sect
Patriarchs
Abraham (20 t hcentury BCE)
- Isaac
- Jacob/Israel (Jews and Christians)
- Ishmael (Muslims)
- Moses (16 th century BCE)
- Exodus from Egypt
- Ten Commandments
- Law of Israel
- Land of Canaan Kingdoms of Israel and Judah •United Monarchy (1000 BCE) •King Saul •King David •King Solomon
- Orthodox Judaism (1819)
- Reform Judaism (1819)
- Conservative Judaism (1854) Nevi’im (Prophets) Former Prophets •Joshua
- Judges
- 1-2 Samuel
- 1-2 Kings Latter Prophets •Isaiah •Jeremiah •Ezekiel •Twelve minor prophets Poetic books
- Psalms
- Proverbs
- Job
- Other
- Daniel
- Ezra-Nehemiah
- 1-2 Chronicles
- Five Megillot (Five Scrolls)
- Song of Songs
- Ruth
- Lamentations
- Qohelet (Ecclesiastes)
- Esther Non religious- do not identify with any religion Atheism- no god Agnosticism - i'm not certain wheter o not there is god Secular humanism- reject religious claims about supernatural and look to human wisdom Theodicy - justice Known as problem of evil if god is all poweruf why allow bad things to happen
Deism - god is not revealed through revelation,god does not intervene in the world Naskh - contradictions during quran Occam's razor– existence of god is unnecessary oesnt help explain anything Secular ethics-some teachings are arbitrary or immoral Baruch Spinoza- ciritzed the rabbis Panentheism is a concept which addresses the theological issue of God's relationship to the world by proposing that the world is “in God. Can't take holy books Categorical imperative- The Categorical Imperative is a philosophical concept introduced by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant in his ethical theory. It is a principle that he believed should guide moral behavior, and it is a central part of his moral philosophy.
