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Heart Rhythm Disorders: Types, Causes, and Treatments, Exams of Nursing

A comprehensive overview of various heart rhythm disorders, including 2nd and 3rd degree heart blocks, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, idioventricular rhythm, asystole, junctional tachycardia, and monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. It explains the characteristics, causes, and potential treatments for each condition, offering valuable information for medical students, nurses, and healthcare professionals.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 05/08/2024

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RELIAS DYSRHYTHMIA BASIC
TESTBANK ANSWERS 2024
DYSRHYTHMIA – BASIC A&B (A+
GRADED), Exams of Nursing|100 %
complete|verified pass
2nd Degree Heart Block (Mobitz II) - ansRare, but more serious
Sudden appearance of a nonconducted P-wave
P-waves are nl, but some aren't followed by a QRS complex
PR & RR intervals are constant
2nd degree heart block type 1 (Wenkebach) - ansProgressively longer PR interval until
the P wave is not followed by a QPR
3rd degree heart block - ansno obvious correlation between p and qrs, need pace
maker
Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm - ansRate: 50 - 100 usually (usually slow)
P wave: Obscured by ventricular waves (occur during ventricular contraction) - SA node
slower than faster ventricular pacing than should be
QRS: Wide QRS
Conduction: Ventricular only
Rhythm: Regular
- benign rhythm that is sometimes seen during acute MI or early after reperfusion. -
Rarely sustained, does not progress to vfib, rarely requires treatment
asystole - ansabsence of contractions of the heart
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) - ansan irregular and often very fast heart rate originating from
abnormal conduction in the atria
Atrial Flutter - ansirregular beating of the atria; often described as "a-flutter with 2 to 1
block or 3 to 1 block"
Atrial paced rhythm - ansspike before P wave
Bigeminy PVC - ansevery other beat is a PVC
Failure to capture (pacemaker) - ans
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TESTBANK ANSWERS 2024

DYSRHYTHMIA – BASIC A&B (A+

GRADED), Exams of Nursing|100 %

complete|verified pass

2nd Degree Heart Block (Mobitz II) - ansRare, but more serious Sudden appearance of a nonconducted P-wave P-waves are nl, but some aren't followed by a QRS complex PR & RR intervals are constant 2nd degree heart block type 1 (Wenkebach) - ansProgressively longer PR interval until the P wave is not followed by a QPR 3rd degree heart block - ansno obvious correlation between p and qrs, need pace maker Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm - ansRate: 50 - 100 usually (usually slow) P wave: Obscured by ventricular waves (occur during ventricular contraction) - SA node slower than faster ventricular pacing than should be QRS: Wide QRS Conduction: Ventricular only Rhythm: Regular

  • benign rhythm that is sometimes seen during acute MI or early after reperfusion. - Rarely sustained, does not progress to vfib, rarely requires treatment asystole - ansabsence of contractions of the heart Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) - ansan irregular and often very fast heart rate originating from abnormal conduction in the atria Atrial Flutter - ansirregular beating of the atria; often described as "a-flutter with 2 to 1 block or 3 to 1 block" Atrial paced rhythm - ansspike before P wave Bigeminy PVC - ansevery other beat is a PVC Failure to capture (pacemaker) - ans

TESTBANK ANSWERS 2024

DYSRHYTHMIA – BASIC A&B (A+

GRADED), Exams of Nursing|100 %

complete|verified pass

failure to sense (pacemaker) - ans First degree heart block - ansatrioventricular (AV) block in which the atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conducted to the ventricles Idioventricular Rhythm - ans< looks like vtach but slow

  • no P waves (from vent foci)
  • Wide QRS (serious, death like rhythm)
  • called "dying heart" rhythm...occasional ventric beat b4 death (asystole) Junctional Rhythm - ans40-60 Regular! -impulse from AV node w/ retro/antegrade transmission
  • P wave often inverted/buried/follow QRS
  • slow rate
  • narrow QRS (not wide like ventricular) Junctional Tachycardia - ans>60 bpm (ms. K; 150-250)
  • KEY: will be regular (consistent)
  • AV junction produces a rapid sequence of QRS-T cycles
  • p-wave often inverted/buried/follow QRS monomorphic ventricular tachycardia - anspresents with wide QRS complexes of a common shape. normal sinus rhythm - ansheart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients at rest of 60 to 100 beats per minute Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC) - ansHeart Rate: Depends on underlying rhythm Regularity: Interrupts the regularity of underlying rhythm P-Wave: can be flattened, notched, or unusual. May be hidden within the T wave

TESTBANK ANSWERS 2024

DYSRHYTHMIA – BASIC A&B (A+

GRADED), Exams of Nursing|100 %

complete|verified pass

Rhythm: Slightly irregular Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) - ansabnormal heart rhythm which results in quivering of ventricles Ventricular paced rhythm - ansventricular contractions which occur in cases of complete heart block. 2nd Degree Heart Block (Mobitz II) - ansRare, but more serious Sudden appearance of a nonconducted P-wave P-waves are nl, but some aren't followed by a QRS complex PR & RR intervals are constant 2nd degree heart block type 1 (Wenkebach) - ansProgressively longer PR interval until the P wave is not followed by a QPR 3rd degree heart block - ansno obvious correlation between p and qrs, need pace maker Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm - ansRate: 50 - 100 usually (usually slow) P wave: Obscured by ventricular waves (occur during ventricular contraction) - SA node slower than faster ventricular pacing than should be QRS: Wide QRS Conduction: Ventricular only Rhythm: Regular

  • benign rhythm that is sometimes seen during acute MI or early after reperfusion. - Rarely sustained, does not progress to vfib, rarely requires treatment asystole - ansabsence of contractions of the heart Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) - ansan irregular and often very fast heart rate originating from abnormal conduction in the atria

TESTBANK ANSWERS 2024

DYSRHYTHMIA – BASIC A&B (A+

GRADED), Exams of Nursing|100 %

complete|verified pass

Atrial Flutter - ansirregular beating of the atria; often described as "a-flutter with 2 to 1 block or 3 to 1 block" Atrial paced rhythm - ansspike before P wave Bigeminy PVC - ansevery other beat is a PVC Failure to capture (pacemaker) - ans failure to sense (pacemaker) - ans First degree heart block - ansatrioventricular (AV) block in which the atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conducted to the ventricles Idioventricular Rhythm - ans< looks like vtach but slow

  • no P waves (from vent foci)
  • Wide QRS (serious, death like rhythm)
  • called "dying heart" rhythm...occasional ventric beat b4 death (asystole) Junctional Rhythm - ans40-60 Regular! -impulse from AV node w/ retro/antegrade transmission
  • P wave often inverted/buried/follow QRS
  • slow rate
  • narrow QRS (not wide like ventricular) Junctional Tachycardia - ans>60 bpm (ms. K; 150-250)
  • KEY: will be regular (consistent)
  • AV junction produces a rapid sequence of QRS-T cycles
  • p-wave often inverted/buried/follow QRS monomorphic ventricular tachycardia - anspresents with wide QRS complexes of a common shape.

TESTBANK ANSWERS 2024

DYSRHYTHMIA – BASIC A&B (A+

GRADED), Exams of Nursing|100 %

complete|verified pass

Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) - ansan abnormal heart rhythm arising from aberrant electrical activity in the heart; originates at or above the AV node Torsades de pointes - ansRate: 120 - 200 usually P wave: Obscured by ventricular waves QRS: Wide QRS - "Twisting of the Points" Conduction: Ventricular only Rhythm: Slightly irregular Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) - ansabnormal heart rhythm which results in quivering of ventricles Ventricular paced rhythm - ansventricular contractions which occur in cases of complete heart block. 2nd Degree Heart Block (Mobitz II) - ansRare, but more serious Sudden appearance of a nonconducted P-wave P-waves are nl, but some aren't followed by a QRS complex PR & RR intervals are constant 2nd degree heart block type 1 (Wenkebach) - ansProgressively longer PR interval until the P wave is not followed by a QPR 3rd degree heart block - ansno obvious correlation between p and qrs, need pace maker Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm - ansRate: 50 - 100 usually (usually slow) P wave: Obscured by ventricular waves (occur during ventricular contraction) - SA node slower than faster ventricular pacing than should be QRS: Wide QRS Conduction: Ventricular only Rhythm: Regular

  • benign rhythm that is sometimes seen during acute MI or early after reperfusion. - Rarely sustained, does not progress to vfib, rarely requires treatment

TESTBANK ANSWERS 2024

DYSRHYTHMIA – BASIC A&B (A+

GRADED), Exams of Nursing|100 %

complete|verified pass

asystole - ansabsence of contractions of the heart Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) - ansan irregular and often very fast heart rate originating from abnormal conduction in the atria Atrial Flutter - ansirregular beating of the atria; often described as "a-flutter with 2 to 1 block or 3 to 1 block" Atrial paced rhythm - ansspike before P wave Bigeminy PVC - ansevery other beat is a PVC Failure to capture (pacemaker) - ans failure to sense (pacemaker) - ans First degree heart block - ansatrioventricular (AV) block in which the atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conducted to the ventricles Idioventricular Rhythm - ans< looks like vtach but slow

  • no P waves (from vent foci)
  • Wide QRS (serious, death like rhythm)
  • called "dying heart" rhythm...occasional ventric beat b4 death (asystole) Junctional Rhythm - ans40-60 Regular! -impulse from AV node w/ retro/antegrade transmission
  • P wave often inverted/buried/follow QRS
  • slow rate
  • narrow QRS (not wide like ventricular) Junctional Tachycardia - ans>60 bpm (ms. K; 150-250)

TESTBANK ANSWERS 2024

DYSRHYTHMIA – BASIC A&B (A+

GRADED), Exams of Nursing|100 %

complete|verified pass

Sinus Bradycardia - ans< normal sinus rhythm Sinus Tachycardia - ans>100 (100-150) normal sinus rhythm Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) - ansan abnormal heart rhythm arising from aberrant electrical activity in the heart; originates at or above the AV node Torsades de pointes - ansRate: 120 - 200 usually P wave: Obscured by ventricular waves QRS: Wide QRS - "Twisting of the Points" Conduction: Ventricular only Rhythm: Slightly irregular Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) - ansabnormal heart rhythm which results in quivering of ventricles Ventricular paced rhythm - ansventricular contractions which occur in cases of complete heart block. 2nd Degree Heart Block (Mobitz II) - ansRare, but more serious Sudden appearance of a nonconducted P-wave P-waves are nl, but some aren't followed by a QRS complex PR & RR intervals are constant 2nd degree heart block type 1 (Wenkebach) - ansProgressively longer PR interval until the P wave is not followed by a QPR 3rd degree heart block - ansno obvious correlation between p and qrs, need pace maker Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm - ansRate: 50 - 100 usually (usually slow) P wave: Obscured by ventricular waves (occur during ventricular contraction) - SA node slower than faster ventricular pacing than should be

TESTBANK ANSWERS 2024

DYSRHYTHMIA – BASIC A&B (A+

GRADED), Exams of Nursing|100 %

complete|verified pass

QRS: Wide QRS Conduction: Ventricular only Rhythm: Regular

  • benign rhythm that is sometimes seen during acute MI or early after reperfusion. - Rarely sustained, does not progress to vfib, rarely requires treatment asystole - ansabsence of contractions of the heart Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) - ansan irregular and often very fast heart rate originating from abnormal conduction in the atria Atrial Flutter - ansirregular beating of the atria; often described as "a-flutter with 2 to 1 block or 3 to 1 block" Atrial paced rhythm - ansspike before P wave Bigeminy PVC - ansevery other beat is a PVC Failure to capture (pacemaker) - ans failure to sense (pacemaker) - ans First degree heart block - ansatrioventricular (AV) block in which the atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conducted to the ventricles Idioventricular Rhythm - ans< looks like vtach but slow
  • no P waves (from vent foci)
  • Wide QRS (serious, death like rhythm)
  • called "dying heart" rhythm...occasional ventric beat b4 death (asystole) Junctional Rhythm - ans40-60 Regular!

TESTBANK ANSWERS 2024

DYSRHYTHMIA – BASIC A&B (A+

GRADED), Exams of Nursing|100 %

complete|verified pass

length of pause ≠ multiple of normal rate (block) Sinus Arrhythmia - ansAppearance is ALMOST NORMAL: Respiratory - Circulatory interaction Rate INCREASES with INSPIRATION (IN=IN) Sinus Bradycardia - ans< normal sinus rhythm Sinus Tachycardia - ans>100 (100-150) normal sinus rhythm Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) - ansan abnormal heart rhythm arising from aberrant electrical activity in the heart; originates at or above the AV node Torsades de pointes - ansRate: 120 - 200 usually P wave: Obscured by ventricular waves QRS: Wide QRS - "Twisting of the Points" Conduction: Ventricular only Rhythm: Slightly irregular Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) - ansabnormal heart rhythm which results in quivering of ventricles Ventricular paced rhythm - ansventricular contractions which occur in cases of complete heart block. 2nd Degree Heart Block (Mobitz II) - ansRare, but more serious Sudden appearance of a nonconducted P-wave P-waves are nl, but some aren't followed by a QRS complex PR & RR intervals are constant 2nd degree heart block type 1 (Wenkebach) - ansProgressively longer PR interval until the P wave is not followed by a QPR

TESTBANK ANSWERS 2024

DYSRHYTHMIA – BASIC A&B (A+

GRADED), Exams of Nursing|100 %

complete|verified pass

3rd degree heart block - ansno obvious correlation between p and qrs, need pace maker Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm - ansRate: 50 - 100 usually (usually slow) P wave: Obscured by ventricular waves (occur during ventricular contraction) - SA node slower than faster ventricular pacing than should be QRS: Wide QRS Conduction: Ventricular only Rhythm: Regular

  • benign rhythm that is sometimes seen during acute MI or early after reperfusion. - Rarely sustained, does not progress to vfib, rarely requires treatment asystole - ansabsence of contractions of the heart Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) - ansan irregular and often very fast heart rate originating from abnormal conduction in the atria Atrial Flutter - ansirregular beating of the atria; often described as "a-flutter with 2 to 1 block or 3 to 1 block" Atrial paced rhythm - ansspike before P wave Bigeminy PVC - ansevery other beat is a PVC Failure to capture (pacemaker) - ans failure to sense (pacemaker) - ans First degree heart block - ansatrioventricular (AV) block in which the atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conducted to the ventricles Idioventricular Rhythm - ans< looks like vtach but slow

TESTBANK ANSWERS 2024

DYSRHYTHMIA – BASIC A&B (A+

GRADED), Exams of Nursing|100 %

complete|verified pass

premature ventricular contraction (PVC) - ansa ventricular contraction preceding the normal impulse initiated by the SA node (pacemaker) PVC couplets - ansPVC occurring in pairs, no adequate C.O. when this occurs Sinus Arrest/Pause - ans- SA node doesn't fire

  • notice absence of P-wave for a complete cycle (a missed cycle) length of pause ≠ multiple of normal rate (block) Sinus Arrhythmia - ansAppearance is ALMOST NORMAL: Respiratory - Circulatory interaction Rate INCREASES with INSPIRATION (IN=IN) Sinus Bradycardia - ans< normal sinus rhythm Sinus Tachycardia - ans>100 (100-150) normal sinus rhythm Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) - ansan abnormal heart rhythm arising from aberrant electrical activity in the heart; originates at or above the AV node Torsades de pointes - ansRate: 120 - 200 usually P wave: Obscured by ventricular waves QRS: Wide QRS - "Twisting of the Points" Conduction: Ventricular only Rhythm: Slightly irregular Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) - ansabnormal heart rhythm which results in quivering of ventricles Ventricular paced rhythm - ansventricular contractions which occur in cases of complete heart block. 2nd Degree Heart Block (Mobitz II) - ansRare, but more serious

TESTBANK ANSWERS 2024

DYSRHYTHMIA – BASIC A&B (A+

GRADED), Exams of Nursing|100 %

complete|verified pass

Sudden appearance of a nonconducted P-wave P-waves are nl, but some aren't followed by a QRS complex PR & RR intervals are constant 2nd degree heart block type 1 (Wenkebach) - ansProgressively longer PR interval until the P wave is not followed by a QPR 3rd degree heart block - ansno obvious correlation between p and qrs, need pace maker Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm - ansRate: 50 - 100 usually (usually slow) P wave: Obscured by ventricular waves (occur during ventricular contraction) - SA node slower than faster ventricular pacing than should be QRS: Wide QRS Conduction: Ventricular only Rhythm: Regular

  • benign rhythm that is sometimes seen during acute MI or early after reperfusion. - Rarely sustained, does not progress to vfib, rarely requires treatment asystole - ansabsence of contractions of the heart Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) - ansan irregular and often very fast heart rate originating from abnormal conduction in the atria Atrial Flutter - ansirregular beating of the atria; often described as "a-flutter with 2 to 1 block or 3 to 1 block" Atrial paced rhythm - ansspike before P wave Bigeminy PVC - ansevery other beat is a PVC Failure to capture (pacemaker) - ans

TESTBANK ANSWERS 2024

DYSRHYTHMIA – BASIC A&B (A+

GRADED), Exams of Nursing|100 %

complete|verified pass

QRS: <.12 seconds Premature Junctional Contraction - ansInverted p wave or hidden p wave PRI<0.12 or none Normal QRS premature ventricular contraction (PVC) - ansa ventricular contraction preceding the normal impulse initiated by the SA node (pacemaker) PVC couplets - ansPVC occurring in pairs, no adequate C.O. when this occurs Sinus Arrest/Pause - ans- SA node doesn't fire

  • notice absence of P-wave for a complete cycle (a missed cycle) length of pause ≠ multiple of normal rate (block) Sinus Arrhythmia - ansAppearance is ALMOST NORMAL: Respiratory - Circulatory interaction Rate INCREASES with INSPIRATION (IN=IN) Sinus Bradycardia - ans< normal sinus rhythm Sinus Tachycardia - ans>100 (100-150) normal sinus rhythm Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) - ansan abnormal heart rhythm arising from aberrant electrical activity in the heart; originates at or above the AV node Torsades de pointes - ansRate: 120 - 200 usually P wave: Obscured by ventricular waves QRS: Wide QRS - "Twisting of the Points" Conduction: Ventricular only Rhythm: Slightly irregular

TESTBANK ANSWERS 2024

DYSRHYTHMIA – BASIC A&B (A+

GRADED), Exams of Nursing|100 %

complete|verified pass

Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) - ansabnormal heart rhythm which results in quivering of ventricles Ventricular paced rhythm - ansventricular contractions which occur in cases of complete heart block. 2nd Degree Heart Block (Mobitz II) - ansRare, but more serious Sudden appearance of a nonconducted P-wave P-waves are nl, but some aren't followed by a QRS complex PR & RR intervals are constant 2nd degree heart block type 1 (Wenkebach) - ansProgressively longer PR interval until the P wave is not followed by a QPR 3rd degree heart block - ansno obvious correlation between p and qrs, need pace maker Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm - ansRate: 50 - 100 usually (usually slow) P wave: Obscured by ventricular waves (occur during ventricular contraction) - SA node slower than faster ventricular pacing than should be QRS: Wide QRS Conduction: Ventricular only Rhythm: Regular

  • benign rhythm that is sometimes seen during acute MI or early after reperfusion. - Rarely sustained, does not progress to vfib, rarely requires treatment asystole - ansabsence of contractions of the heart Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) - ansan irregular and often very fast heart rate originating from abnormal conduction in the atria Atrial Flutter - ansirregular beating of the atria; often described as "a-flutter with 2 to 1 block or 3 to 1 block"