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REHS Study Guide| 620 Questions| With
Complete Solutions
What is the depth at which flies can emerge from a landfill? correct answer: 6 inches compacted and 5 inches noncompacted Why is the use of cooper sulfate crystals recommended for some septic tanks systems correct answer: It will destroy roots that the solutions comes in contact with What is the overall purpose of bar screens, comminutors, and grit chambers when it comes to wastewater treatment? correct answer: It removes larger solid What is the most plentiful form of available water? correct answer: Groundwater What are Waterborne Diseases? correct answer: Results from ingestion of water that is harboring a pathogen example: Typhoid fever. What are Water-washed Diseases? correct answer: Spread by fecal-oral route or person to person contact. Facilitated by lack of personal hygiene. What are Water-based Diseases? correct answer: Caused by infection arising through ingestion of pathogenic agent Example: guinea worm larvae, Termatode larvae.
What are Water-related Diseases? correct answer: Facilitated by insects vector that breed in water: example filariastus abthropods that carry Dengue fever. What are Inhalation of contaminated water aerosols? correct answer: Legionella Pneumophila What is the ecologic agent of cyclosporiasis? correct answer: Cyclospora Cayetanensis What food is associated with cyclosporiasis? correct answer: Imported Raspberries, Lettuce form South America Most waterborne disease fatalities occurred before 1940 and were attributed to the waterborne illness? correct answer: Typhoid Fever Waters suitable for drinking water supplies and shellfish rearing are monitored routinely for? correct answer: Microbiological Quality Only what % of the global content of water constitutes fresh water? correct answer: 2.6 or 3 Percent What is a waterborne disease that can be prevented through vaccinations is? correct answer: Typhoid Fever or Cholera The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that ______% of all diseases are attributable to inadequate water or sanitation correct answer: 80 Percent
What is the incubation period of botulism? correct answer: 2 hours to 8 days, usually 12-36 hours Bacillus Cereus Food poisioning (Emetic Type) correct answer: Emetic= vomiting bacterial toxins What are the specific agent for Bacillus Cereus (Emetic Type)? correct answer: Bacillus Cereus, Toxins heat stable What is the reservoir for Bacillus Cereus (Emetic Type)? correct answer: Spores found in wide variety of cereals, spices, veggies, and milk. What are the symptoms for Bacillus Cereus (Emetic Type)? correct answer: Vomiting, diarrhea, and nausea What is the incubation period for Bacillus Cereus (Emetic Type)? correct answer: 1- 6 hours Bacillus Cereus Food poisioning (Diarrheal Type) correct answer: Bacterial toxins What is the specific agent for Bacillus Cereus Food poisioning (Diarrheal Type)? correct answer: Bacillus cereus, toxin heat stable What is the reservoir for Bacillus Cereus Food poisioning (Diarrheal Type)? correct answer: Spores found in wide variety of cereals, spices, veggies, and milk.
What are the symptoms for Bacillus Cereus Food poisioning (Diarrheal Type)? correct answer: Diarrhea, cramps, and vomiting sometimes What is the incubation period for Bacillus Cereus Food poisioning (Diarrheal Type)? correct answer: 6-16 hours Typhoid Fever correct answer: Bacteria What is the specific agent for typhoid fever? correct answer: Typhoid bacillus, salmonella typhi What is the reservoir for typhoid fever? correct answer: Feces and urine of typhoid carrier in patient What are the symptoms of typhoid fever? correct answer: General infection characterized by continued fever, usually rose spots on the trunk and diarrhea disturbances. What is the incubation period for typhoid fever? correct answer: Average 14 days, usually 7-21 days Campylobacter Enteritis correct answer: Bacteria What is the specific agent of Campylobacter Enteritis correct answer: Campylobactor Jejuni What is the reservoir of Campylobacter Enteritis? correct answer: Chickens, swine, dogs, cats, human, raw milk, contaminated H2O
What are the reservoir of Staphylococcus Food Poisoning? correct answer: Skin, mucus membranes, pus, dust, air, sputum and throat What are the symptoms of Staphylococcus Food Poisoning? correct answer: Acute nausea, vomiting and prostration, diarrhea, abdominal cramps usually explosive in nature, followed by recovery. What is the incubation period of Staphylococcus Food Poisoning? correct answer: 1-6 hours or longer, average 2- hours Cholera correct answer: Bacteria What is the specific agent of cholera? correct answer: Vibrio Comma What is the reservoir of cholera? correct answer: Feces, vomitus carriers What are the symptoms of cholera? correct answer: Diarrhea, rice-water stools, vomiting, thirst, pain and coma What is the incubation period of cholera? correct answer: A few hours- 5 days, usually 3 days Yersiniosis correct answer: Bacteria What are the specific agent of Yersiniosis? correct answer: Yersinia entercolitica, yersinia pseu-dotuberculosis
What is the reservoir of Yersiniosis? correct answer: Wild and domestic animals, birds, humans, surface water What are the symptoms of Yersiniosis? correct answer: Diarrhea, cramps, fever, headache, vomiting, skin rash, and pseudo-appendicitis What is the incubation period of Yersiniosis? correct answer: 3- 7 days, usually 2-3 days Trichinosis correct answer: Helminths What is the specific agent of Trichinosis? correct answer: Trichinella Spiralis What is the reservoir of Trichinosis correct answer: Pigs, bears, mild boars, rats, foxes and wolves What are the symptoms of Trichinosis? correct answer: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle pain, swelling of face, and eyelids, and last difficultly breathing What is the incubation period of Trichinosis? correct answer: 2- 28 days, usually 9 days Cryptospordiosis correct answer: Protozoa What is the specific agent of Cryptospordiosis? correct answer: Cryptosporidium Spp
What is the specific agent of Giardiasis? correct answer: Giardia Lamblia What is the reservoir of Giardiasis? correct answer: Bowel discharge of carriers and infected persons, dogs, and beavers What are the symptoms of Giardiasis? correct answer: Prolonged diarrhea, abdominal cramps, severe weight loss, fatigue, nausea, gas, and fever What is the incubation period of Giardiasis? correct answer: 6- 22 days, average 9 days Listeriosis correct answer: Bacteria What is the specific agent of listeriosis? correct answer: Listeria Monocytogenes What is the reservoir of listeriosis? correct answer: Goats, cattle, human, fowl, soil, water, and sewage What are the symptoms of listeriosis? correct answer: Fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, meningeal symptoms What is the incubation period of listeriosis? correct answer: Probably a few days to 3 weeks Scombroid Fish Poisoning correct answer: Histamine like toxins
What is the specific agent of Scombroid Fish Poisoning? correct answer: Scombrotoxin (Histamine like toxins) What is the reservoir of Scombroid Fish Poisoning? correct answer: Fish that have been held at room temperature forming toxic histamine in muscle, molk from cows pastured on snake foot What are the symptoms of Scombroid Fish Poisoning? correct answer: Headache, burning mouth, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tingling of fingers, fever, cramps What is the incubation period of Scombroid Fish Poisoning? correct answer: Several minutes to 1 hour Prior to the 19th Century, civilization regarded the onset of infections being caused by foul air, were commonly called correct answer: Miasma Diseases such as typhus, ______________, ________________, and ____________ were common in Europe, the United States, and other parts of the world prior to the 20th century correct answer: Cholera, Typhoid and Dysentery Who was John Snow and what was his role in the cholera epidemic of 1849 and 1854? correct answer: He was a physician who investigated two Asiatic cholera epidemics in London. Most famous was the pump handle that when removed the epidemic was brought under control, He was considered the epidemiological giant of his time.
such as a campground or gas station where people do not remain for long periods of time Drinking water contaminated with what is the principle cause of waterborne diseases? correct answer: Sewage Cryptosporidium oocysts can survive in surface water at 4 0 C for how many months? correct answer: 18 plus months What are the six barriers of a multiple barrier plan of water treatment to ensure the safety of the consumer? correct answer: Source water protection, water treatment plant processes, disinfection practices, distribution systems, security, and education What are the EPA recommendations for a minimum state regulatory program regarding the surveillance of a public water supply? correct answer: Water quality sampling- bacteriological, chemical, and radio logical this would also include turbidity and residual chlorine, supervision of operation, maintenance, and use of approved state, utility, and private lab services, cross connection control and bottled bulk water safety Schistosomiasis is largely endemic to which three places? correct answer: Africa, Asia and South America Schistosomiasis is spread by freshwater correct answer: Fresh water snails
It is estimated that there are more than how many cases or more annually of schistosomiasis and the number is expected to increase? correct answer: 300 million Category A agents ( Bio-terrorism) correct answer: High level priority for preparedness examples: small pox, anthrax, plague etc Category B agents ( Bio-terrorism) correct answer: Agents have a need for improved awareness,, surveillance measures and lab diagnosis examples: Q fever, brucellosis, glanders etc. Category C agents ( Bio-terrorism) correct answer: Agents have a need for continued review of potential threat to the public examples: nipah virus, hantaviruses, and tick borne hemorrhagic fever Communicable Diseases correct answer: Are illness due to a specific infectious agent or its toxic products. They arise through transmission of that agent and it products from an infected person, animal, or inanimate reservoir to a susceptible host, either directly or indirectly through an intermediate plant or animal host, vector or the inanimate environment What are six core health problems in developing countries? correct answer: Malaria, yellow fever, pneumonia, HIV, tuberculosis, cholera, What three factors that make developing countries susceptible to illnesses? correct answer: Contaminated water, unhygienic housing and poor sanitation
lower the chances that a newly introduced infectious person will infect enough people for the pathogen to be able to become endemic Arthropods involved in the transmission of human and animal disease are called what? correct answer: Vectors What is the source of infection which is often a non human animal? correct answer: Reservoir What is nosocomial? correct answer: The spread of infectious diseases in a hospital or clinic setting What is the agent of West Nile Virus, what is the disease it causes and what species of mosquito is the vector? correct answer: Flavivirus, it causes encephalitis and is spread by culex mosquito's What disease includes the following: reservoirs include dog ticks, wood tick, and the lone star tick. The etiologic Agent is Rickettsia rickettsii and it is transmitted by the bite or crushed tick blood with an incubation of 3-10 days. correct answer: Rocky mountain spotted fever What Is transmitted by the bite of an infective flea, X. cheopis, with rodents being the other reservoir being wild rodents? The etiologic agent is Pasteurella pestis and Yersinia pestis. correct answer: Bubonic plague
What is transmitted by the bite of infected tsetse flies, the reservoir of this agent includes humans, wild game and cattle? correct answer: Trypanosomiasis What is transmitted by the bite of an infected tick (Dermacentor andersoni)? Symptoms occur usually four to five days after being bitten. The agent is a virus. correct answer: Colorado tick fever What is the following disease; the reservoirs are rabbits, muskrats, and other wild animals? The agent is transmitted by the bite of infected flies or ticks or ingestion undercooked rabbit meat. correct answer: Tularemia What is caused by nematode worms, this disease is transmitted by the bite of a mosquito; Culex, Aedes, and Anopheles species with the reservoir being blood from the person harboring the agent? correct answer: Filariasis (elephantiasis after prolonged exposure) What is also known as break-bone fever, this viral disease is transmitted by the bite of infected Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus? correct answer: Dengue fever The etiologic agent's reservoirs include; infected parrots, parakeets, love birds and other birds? The disease is contracted through contact with infected birds or inhalation of their desiccated waste and the incubation is 4-15 days. correct answer: Psittacosis
What is the etiologic agent of plague? correct answer: Pasterurella pestis, plague bacillus, yersinia pestis What is the reservoir of plague? correct answer: Wild rodents, and infected fleas How is the plague transmitted? correct answer: Bite of infected flex X Cheops, scratching feces into skin, handling wild animals, occasionally bedbugs and human flea What is the incubation period of the plague? correct answer: 2- days What are the environmental factors of the plague? correct answer: Most plague exposures occur in or around the home. Flea and rodents issues What is zoonoses? correct answer: Are infections transmitted from animals to humans What is the etiologic agent of rabies? correct answer: Virus of rabies What is the reservoir of rabies? correct answer: Infected dogs, foxes, cats, squirrels, cattle, horses, swine, goats, wolves, bats, skunks, wild or domestic animals How is rabies transmitted? correct answer: Bite of rabid animals or its saliva on scratch or wound
What are the symptoms of a rabid dog? correct answer: A rabid dog may be furious or it may be listless, it may salivate heavily or have spasms, paralysis and a hung jaw What is also known as woolsorter disease (an infectious disease principally of cattle, swine, sheep and horses? correct answer: Anthrax In 2001, _________________ , in a purified spore form was implicated in an intentional release/terrorism event that resulted in deaths in five U.S. states. correct answer: Bacillus anthracis Lead is a cumulative poison ending up where in the body? correct answer: Bone, blood, and tissue Lead paint was banned in what year correct answer: 1978 What level of lead causes harmful effects? correct answer: 10 ug/dl What level of carbon monoxide causes headaches? correct answer: 200-400 ppm What level of carbon monoxide causes unconsciousness? correct answer: 800-1600 ppm What foods are associated with mercury poisoning? correct answer: Contaminated fish, shellfish, bread, and pork What is the form of mercury found in fish? correct answer: Methyl mercury
