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Regulatory Tactics - Integrated Pest Management - Handout, Exercises of Pest Management

The LNM Institute of Information TechnologyPest Management

Main topics of this course are: Biocontrol Approaches, Decision Making, Disadvantages of Cultural Controls, EBPM Status, Enforced Crop Production Rules, Hybrid Sterility, IPM Evolution Continued, Regulatory Tactics, Resistance Categories. Key points of this lecture handout are: Regulatory Tactics, Domestic Quarantine, Prevention of Entry, Eradication, Mitigation of Losses, Phytosanitary Certificate, Field Inspections, Quarantine Effectiveness, Quarantine Continued, Eradication

Typology: Exercises

2012/2013

Uploaded on 08/31/2013

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Regulatory Tactics – 4 Categories
• Prevention of Entry
• Eradication – 2 steps
– Domestic Quarantine
– Eradication
• Retardation – Often used when eradication fails
• Mitigation of Losses
Quarantine as a Regulatory Technique
• Inspections – Intensity of inspection dictated by level of Pest Risk (cf. pp
232 – 233)
– Point-of-Origin (Phytosanitary Certificate)
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Regulatory Tactics – 4 Categories

  • Prevention of Entry
  • Eradication – 2 steps
    • Domestic Quarantine
    • Eradication
  • Retardation – Often used when eradication fails
  • Mitigation of Losses

Quarantine as a Regulatory Technique

  • Inspections – Intensity of inspection dictated by level of Pest Risk (cf. pp 232 – 233) - Point-of-Origin (Phytosanitary Certificate)
  • Point-of-Entry
  • Field Inspections
  • Regional Inspections & Surveys
  • Quarantine Effectiveness
  • considered a temporary control
  • Eradication planning is always part of a quarantine

Quarantine continued

  • Quarantine Costs: Inspection, compliance, eradication
  • Quarantine Value
    • Buy time for eradication/control development
    • Keep initial pest populations small
    • Restricts biotypes of initial populations
  • Responses to intercepted pests – Costs borne by owner
  • May be primary or secondary to quarantine
    • Secondary to Quarantine. Eradication backs up a quarantine. Requires; - Pest detection at low levels - Ability to mobilize quickly - Controls must be effective & used excessively - Reintroduction is barred - Example – Mediterranean Fruit Fly

Primary Eradication

  • Quarantine backs up eradication effort
    • Target is already well established (or native)
    • Quarantine is always domestic, often multiple simultaneous quarantines (different jurisdictions)
  • Must be able to establish a “moving quarantine”
  • Must be able to tell with certainty when a pest has been eradicated from an area

Eradication Pros

  • Once the pest is gone, no more costs
  • Long term avoidance of adverse effects of pest management actions
  • Eradication of a key pest may also eliminate other pests (e.g. secondary pests)
  • Eradication of key pests makes non-chemical control of other pests more feasible
  • New technologies make eradication more feasible

Eradication Cons

  • GMO-related

Control Districts

A jurisdictional area such as a county or group of counties, specifically identified as a district in which the presence of a certain pest is prohibited or controlled through a public agency. Most common types:

  • Plant control – landowners responsible for control & subject to fine.
  • Mosquito – Public agency has the right to implement control on private land

Enforced Crop Production Rules

IPM techniques is that are required by statute or ordinance, imposed on all growers in a given area, and enforced, usually by penalty. Major types:

  • Crop or Host-Free Periods
  • Planting Date Restrictions
  • Cultivar Restrictions
  • Compulsory Sanitation Measures

Licensing and Certification

Ensures that infested or contaminated material is not transported, sold commercially, or used as breeding stock.

IPM Implementation

  • Chapter 19 – Societal and Environmental Limitations to IPM Tactics - Societal constraints and public attitudes - Environmental issues
  • Chapter 18 – IPM Programs: Development and Implementation
  • Chapter 20 – IPM into the Future