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REGIS EPIDEMIOLOGY EXAM 2025 LATEST ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+ GUARANTEE PASS A case-control study is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: - CORRECT ANSWERS - Cases with the disease are compared to controls without the disease Of 2872 persons who had received radiation treatment in childhood because of enlarged thymus, cancer of the thyroid developed in 24 and benign thyroid tumor developed in 52. A comparison group consisted of 5055 children who had received no such treatment (brothers and sisters of those children who had received radiation treatment). During the follow up period, none of the comparison group developed thyroid cancer, but benign thyroid tumors developed in 6. Calculate the relative risk for benign thyroid tumors: - CORRECT ANSWERS a/(a+b) / c/(c+d) = 15,
In a small pilot study, 12 women with endometrial cancer (cancer of the uterus) and 12 women with no apparent disease were contacted and asked whether they had ever used estrogen. Each woman with cancer was matched by age, race, weight and parity to a woman without disease. What kind of study is this? - CORRECT ANSWERS - case- control The purpose of a double-blind or double-masked study is to: - CORRECT ANSWERS - avoid observer and subject bias In a study of 500 cases of a disease and 500 controls, the suspected etiological factor is found in 400 of the cases and 100 of the controls. The absolute risk (incidence) of disease in persons with the factor is: - CORRECT ANSWERS - cannot be computed from data given (You dont have outcome or incidence, so you cant calculate the absolute risk (incidence rate)) Epidemic refers to: - CORRECT ANSWERS - the occurrence of illnesses of similar nature clearly in excess
In a prospective study of a disease, the cohort originally selected consisted of: - CORRECT ANSWERS - persons with the factor under investigation A study is conducted in which the rate of cigarette smoking and the prevalence of tuberculosis are assessed in the same population at the same time. Both are found to be high, and the conclusion is drawn that cigarette smoking is causally related to tuberculosis. Based on this study only, all of the following are true statements regarding this conclusion EXCEPT: - CORRECT ANSWERS - it may be incorrect due to the ecologic fallacy Multiple disease outcomes can be studied, but only the risk factors defined and measured at the beginning of the study can be assessed. - CORRECT ANSWERS - prospective cohort study Only one outcome may be studied, but many risk
factors or exposures may be assessed. - CORRECT ANSWERS - case-control study All of the following should be true of a disease for which screening is planned EXCEPT - CORRECT ANSWERS - the disease should be rare During a 3-month period, 9 cases of Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome are reported, and 3 of the cases die. Which of the following calculations would be 33%? - CORRECT ANSWERS - the case fatality ratio In a diabetes detection program the screening level for blood sugar test A is set at 160 mg/100 ml and for test B at 130mg/100mg. This would mean that: - CORRECT ANSWERS - the specificity of a test A is greater than that of test B
cancer was matched by age, race, weight, and parity to a woman without disease.
- What is the estimated relative risk of cancer when analyzing this study as a matched-pairs study? - CORRECT ANSWERS 3. Unmatch the pairs. What is the estimated relative risk of cancer when analyzing this study as an unmatched study design? - CORRECT ANSWERS 4. In a study of a disease in which all cases that developed were ascertained, if the relative risk for the association between a factor and the disease is equal to or less than 1.0, then: - CORRECT ANSWERS There is either no association or a negative association between the factor and the disease Talbot and colleagues carried out a study of sudden unexpected death in women. Data on smoking history are shown in the following table. Calculate the matched-pairs odds ratio for these data. - CORRECT ANSWERS 4.5 Talbot and colleagues carried
out a study of sudden unexpected death in women. Data on smoking history are shown in the following table. Using data from the table unmatch the pairs and calculate an unmatched odds ratio. - CORRECT ANSWERS
Talbot and colleagues carried out a study of sudden unexpected death in women. Data on smoking history are shown in the following table. What are the odds that the controls smoke 1+ pack/day?
- CORRECT ANSWERS 1:7 or (0.143) The relative risk for developing ASHD subsequent to entering this study in men as compared to women is: - CORRECT ANSWERS Lowest in the oldest age group The most likely explanation for the differences in rates of ASHD between the initial examination and the yearly follow-up examinations in men is - CORRECT ANSWERS The initial examination measures the prevalence of ASHD, whereas the subsequent examinations primarily measure the incidence of ASHD
cancer attributable to smoking in the total population is:
- CORRECT ANSWERS 3.6 per 1000 In a cohort study of smoking and lung cancer, the incidence of lung cancer among smokers was found to be 9/1,000 and the incidence among nonsmokers was 1/1,000. From another source we know that 45% of the total populations were smokers. The proportion of the risk in the total population that is attributable to smoking is: - CORRECT ANSWERS 78.26% Relative Risk - CORRECT ANSWERS "What is the ratio of the risk of disease in exposed individuals to the risk of disease in non-exposed individuals?" It is not expressed in negative numbers. If Relative Risk = 1 - CORRECT ANSWERS no association If Relative Risk > 1 - CORRECT ANSWERS positive association; possibly causal
If Relative Risk < 1 - CORRECT ANSWERS negative association; possibly protective The odds ratio (relative odds) obtained in a case-control study is a good approximation of the relative risk in the population when the following conditions are met: - CORRECT ANSWERS When the cases studied are representative, with regard to history of exposure, of all people with the disease in the population from which the cases were drawn; when the controls studied are representative, with regard to history of exposure, of all people without the disease in the population from which the cases were drawn; and when disease being studied does not occur frequently Population Attributable Risk (PAR) - CORRECT ANSWERS The proportion of the incidence of a disease in the population (exposed and unexposed) that is due to exposure. It is the incidence of a disease in the population that would be eliminated if exposure were eliminated.
This statistic describes the excess in risk in absolute terms. It shows the additional number of cases expected per "m" exposures. A. Prevalence B. Incidence C. Risk Ratio D. Risk Difference E. Attributable Fraction - CORRECT ANSWERS D This statistic is used to estimate the risk of acquiring a disease. It may be measured as a rate or as a proportion. A. Prevalence B. Incidence C. Risk Ratio D. Risk Difference E. Attributable Fraction - CORRECT ANSWERS B
A study starts with 5,000 people. Of these, 125 have the disease in question. What is the prevalence of disease per 1,000 people? - CORRECT ANSWERS 25 A study starts with 4,875 healthy people. Over the next two years, 75 develop a disease. What is the incidence rate of disease over the study period? - CORRECT ANSWERS 75/(4875 x 2 years) =75/9750 years =0.00769/year or 7.69 per 1,000 person-years Website for problems 1-6 (key attached) - CORRECT ANSWERS http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/gerstman/hs161/quiz02s1. PDF Which of the following is an advantage of a case control study? A. Bias is the assessment of exposure to the factor of interest is minimized
A. Experimental B. Observational If B, is the study: A. Cross-sectional B. Case control C. Retrospective cohort D. Prospective cohort - CORRECT ANSWERS B A Some studies have identified a behavior pattern called Type A which they have associated with myocardial infarction. Type A behavior was assessed for a group of men in a post-MI rehab program. All men not falling into the Type A group were classified as Type B. Type A and Type B men were followed for five years to assess MI recurrence rates.
Is this: A. Experimental B. Observational If B, is the study: A. Cross-sectional B. Case control C. Retrospective cohort D. Prospective cohort - CORRECT ANSWERS B D One hundred persons with hepatitis A and 100 healthy neighbors were questioned regarding their history of eating raw clams or oysters in the preceding 3 months. Is this: A. Experimental
polysaccaride capsule that makes phagocytosis very difficult. Which of the following is an obligate intra cellular pathogen. Select one: a. Streptococus b. Ricksettia c. plasmodium d. a, b, c - CORRECT ANSWERS b. Ricksettia Which of the following is/are reasons why a tick bite doesn't always lead to Lyme infection Select one: a. tick wasn't infected b. tick fed for a short time c. no bull's eye rash d. a, b, c e. a and b - CORRECT ANSWERS d. a, b, c
Factors that have led to an increase in nosocomical, or hospital-acquired infections, include ____. Select one: a. lots of sick people b. antibiotic over use c. invasive medical devices d. a, b and c - CORRECT ANSWERS d. a, b and c In the DTaP vaccine, 'a' stands for Select one: a. attenuated b. acellular c. antitoxin d. antibody - CORRECT ANSWERS b. acellular Extensively drug resistant Tuberculosis (XDRTB) is considered_________________.
