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In the course of introduction to geophysics, The key points are:Reflection Seismology, Image Subsurface, Detailed Imaging, Horizontal Layering, Seismology, Depth Sounding, Reflection, Ship, Pulses, Partially Reflected
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x: src—rec offset (m) T 0 : vertical travel-time ∆t(x): moveout wrt offset hi : ith^ layer thickness (m) V: layer velocity S: source coordinate R: receiver coordinate A: reflection point (mid- point of ray for flat layers).
Normal Moveout Derivation 2 2 0 0 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 0 2 0 0
2 (^0 ) 0
2 / ( / 2) 2 / / 2 (^2) ( / 2) 2 (1 ( / 2 )
(^2 1) ( / 2 ) 2 (1 1 ( / 2 ) ) 2 : 1 1 / 2 (^2) ( 2 2
( )
1 / 8 ) (^8 ) 2 4 2
t h v L h x t h v h t v t h x h x h v v t h^ x h h x h v v binomial approximation x t h^ x h h^ hx^ t x v v vh vh t t x t x x v
t t vt v t
ε ε
= = + = = = + = +
= + ≈ + = + ≈ + ≈ + = + = +
≈ + ≈ + ∆ ∆ =
h
v
S M R 0 x/2 x
L^ L
Normal moveout derivation
t: travel-time L: right triangle hypotenuse v: velocity of layer (km/s) t 0 : two-way time x: source-receiver offset h: layer thickness (km)
2 2 1 1 2 2 2, 1 2
rms
τ τ τ τ
2,
rms
Can solve for v 2
Can iterate this procedure for deeper layers Docsity.com
2 2 rms B , B rms T , T layer B T
v t v t v t t
=
strong reflections are found
Reflections are not found.
