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Recalls ASCP 2024/2025 Detailed Questions And Expert Answers
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check for lipemia - ANS>on an auto instrument hgb=45 and hct=33. The tech performs man and hct is 33.5. What should be done next? lupus anticoagulant - ANS>micro emboli (clots) formation in blood vessels of SLE patients pure red cell aplasia - ANS>only red cell production affected and WBC and plt are norm 3 y/o, rbc=1.7x10^ biliary obstruction - ANS>urine bili + urobilin decreased or neg acute tubular necrosis - ANS>3 y/o urine spec 25 rte hpo gran casts wbc 3- nitrite +
change CaCl2 and repeat - ANS>on analyzer PT qc in range< PTT qc out. rpt out, what is the next step hypotonic and alk urine can lyse cells if myoglobin is present it can produce false pos - ANS>ua test bld + rbc- none seen Le a - ANS>nonsectretor sese phenotype Le(a+b-) what ag will be detected in his/her fluids MNS - ANS>bld group rgt deteriorates faster while in use legionella - ANS>detection of ag in urine spec release adp from dense granules - ANS>at what stage the 2nd phase and the irreversable plt aggregation occurs bartonella - ANS>cat scratch infection gnr pleomorphic rods
stool bili - very elevated conn's syndrome - ANS>alodosterone increased ca decreased k decreased cushing syndrome - ANS>k decreased=metabolic alkalosis acth increased (exposure to cortisol) ca decreased glucose increased A1C - ANS>2-3 months glucose intake Type I diabetes - ANS>juvenile onset insulin dependent ketoacidosis Type 2 diabetes - ANS>adult onset non insulin common
hepatobiliary enzymes - ANS>alp,ggt,5'NT hepatocellular enzymes - ANS>alt, ast ph,amon,creatinine, bun - ANS>od on salicylate/aspirin what test to run myoglobin - ANS>rises in 2-3 hrs returns 24- ckmb - ANS>rises 4-8 hrs falls 48-72 hrs TNI - ANS>rises 4-6 hrs falls 10-14 days nephrosis - ANS>alb decreased glob norm tp decreased infectious hepatitis - ANS>alb decreased glob increased
SIRS, severe infection,hrt/lung disease,sepsis,hemorrhage melformin, cyanide poisioning chloride - ANS>ion affected by bromide measurement afp - ANS>substance found in down syndrome Hodgkin's dse,testicle,ovary, stomach pancreas and liver cancer ethylene glycol - ANS>8 y/o with osmo of 297 metabolic acidosis glucose increased decreased k - ANS>vomiting affects what electrolye hgb increase - ANS>lipemia can affect what rbc indice? Ehrlich test - ANS>test for urobilinogen
sle - ANS>autoimmune dse with elevated alp anti dsDNA are characteristic of active SLE - ANS>electrophoresis of sle TIBCx0.7 - ANS>transferrin est measured osmo-calc osmo - ANS>osmolality gap 2xNa+1.15+(Glu/18) + (BUN/2.8) - ANS>calculated osmo C1V1=C2V2 - ANS>vol stock calculation CV=SDx100/mean - ANS>CV calculation ua creat (vol/1440)/serum creat - ANS>creatinine clearance calculation urine creat/plasma creat x vol per minute - ANS>est GFR if you get ml as a given convert to ml/min 24 hrs=1440 min
F ionized Ca - ANS>biologically active Ca Alb - ANS>largest protein component of human serum decreased in malnutrition, liver dse, renal loss(nephrotic syndrome) , hormone therapy or pregnancy and burns increased in dehydration 5HIAA - ANS>main metabolite of serotonin performed for dx of carcinoid tumor Paget's dse - ANS>ALP w/pH of 9. moles of solute/L - ANS>molarity formula given divide atomic weight mL -> L Na - (HCO3 + Cl) - ANS>anion gap calc
2SD - ANS>95% confidence 1SD - ANS>68% confidence 3SD - ANS>99% confidence acute pancreatitis - ANS>Elevated amylase in what? choose urease + - ANS>Proteus and providencia are similar to salmenolla and shigells how Klebsiella the others are K/A - ANS>A micro question about A/A on tsi and options where edwardsella, shigella, salmonala and klebsella. the lumen of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct - ANS>where are wbc casts made? First step - test patient serum using IFA or EIA for antibodies as a screening measure
VII - ANS>PT prolonged APTT norm poss deficiency? HMWK,PK,XII,XI,IX,VIII - ANS>PT norm APTT prolonged X,V,II,I - ANS>PT prolonged APTT prolonged Microscopic examination due to hazy appearance - ANS>An 85 year old woman with diabetes and a broken hip has been confined to bed for the past 3 months. Results of an ancillary blood glucose test are 250 mg/dL, and her physician orders additional blood tests and a routine urinalysis. The urinalysis report is as follows Color: Pale Yellow Ketones: Negative Clarity: Hazy Blood: Moderate Sp Gravity: 1.020 Bilirubin: Negative pH: 5.5 Urobilinogen: Normal Protein: Trace
Nitrite: Negative Glucose: 100 mg/dL Leukocytes: 2+ What confirmatory tests are indicated on this urine? Yeast grows best at low pH and increased glucose - ANS>Why are yeast infections common in patients with Diabetes mellitus? Yes, it exceeds the renal threshold for glucose - ANS>With a blood glucose level of 250 mg/dL, should glucose be present in the urine? Why or why not? No these are associated with strenuous exercise - ANS>0-2 RBC/hpf, 0- WBC/hpf, 0-4 hyaline casts/lpf, 0-3 granular casts/hpf, Few squamous epithelial cells Are these results of clinical significance? Dehydration and increased excretion of RTE cell lysosomes - ANS>What is the probable cause of the granular casts? Ictotest Possible biliary-duct obstruction preventing conjugated bilirubin from entering the intestine
urinalysis on a specimen collected from a patient in the urology clinic, the technologist finds a specific gravity reading that exceeds the 1. scale on the refractometer If the urinalysis report has a 1+ protein and a negative glucose, what is the most probable cause of this finding? glucose,pH,bili,rbc and wbc - ANS>It is the end of your shift at the hospital (3:00 p.m.) and a urine arrives from a doctor's office marked STAT. The urine was collected at 8:00 a.m. You know that some of the components will have been affected by the urine standing for so long before analysis. Which components do you expect to be affected? glomerulonephritis - ANS>A urinalysis performed on a 27-year old woman yields the following results Sp. Gravity 1. pH 5. Protein 2+ Glucose Negative Ketones Negative Bilirubin Negative Blood 3+ Nitrite Negative Leukocytes Positive urobilinogen 0.1 EU/dL
Microscopic WBC/HPF 20- RBC/HPF 30- Casts/LPF Hyaline 5-7; RBC 2-5; Coarse granular 2-3; Waxy 1- Moderate Uric acid crystals Nephrotic syndrome - ANS>Damage to podocyte barrier in kidney allowing loss of proteins and lipids Massive proteinuria (>3.5 g/day), primarily albumin, High serum lipids May be complication of glomerulonephritis Microscopic will show free floating fat globules, oval fat bodies. Increase in RBCs, casts (fatty and waxy) Chronic Renal Failure - ANS>Slow progressive loss of functional nephrons, GFR continually decreases. Initially healthy nephrons compensate for loss, but eventually loss is too great Azotemia, acid-base imbalance, electrolyte and water imbalance, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia Anemia, bleeding tendencies, hypertension, neurologic dysfunction Sp Gravity =1.010, proteinuria, hematuria, numerous casts (waxy, broad)
Monohydrate and dihydrate calcium oxalate Oval: monohydrate; envelope (X) dihydrate Monohydrate - ANS>A 2-year old left unattended in the garage for 5 minutes is suspected of ingesting antifreeze (ethylene glycol). The urinalysis has a pH of 6.0 and is negative on the chemical examination. Two distinct forms of crystals are observed in the microscopic examination. A. What type of crystals would you expect to be present? B. What are the two forms of this crystal? C. Describe the two forms D. Which form would you expect to be predominant? pH - ANS>Double indicator system-methyl red and bromthymol blue Interferences: Run over from adjacent pads protein - ANS>Protein error of indicators, sensitive to albumin. Acid buffer keeps pH constant. Tetrabromophenol blue or tetrachlorophenol, tetrabromosulfonphthalein.
Interferences: alkaline urine, dye (pyridine), high sp gravity, detergent glucose - ANS>Renal threshold of kidney 160-180 mg/dL. Glucose oxidase reaction, double sequential reaction. End product is oxidized color chromogen ketone - ANS>Sodium nitroprusside (nitroferricyanide) rxn. Acetoacetic acid reacts with nitroprusside to produce purple color Interferences: dyes blood - ANS>Reaction between heme (hemoglobin and myoglobin) and tetramethylbenzidine producing blue green color Interferences: Oxidizing agents, high sp Gravity, ascorbic acid bili - ANS>Diazo rxn. Bilirubin combines with diazo salt in acid medium producing tan -> pink color Interferences: pyridine, exposure to light, ascorbic acid, high nitrite concentration Urobilinogen - ANS>Ehrlich's aldehyde rxn (multistix) urobilinogen reacts with p-dimethylaminobenzaoldehyde (Erlich's reagent). Diazo dye (chemstrip)
