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An introduction to reaction stoichiometry, focusing on mole-to-mole and mass-to-mass calculations. It covers stoichiometric relations in chemical equations, conversion methods using mole ratios, and mass calculations using balanced equations and gravimetric analysis. Examples are included to illustrate the concepts.
What you will learn
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water produced from 3.4 mol O 2.
2
2
to produce 3.5 mol H 2 O by combustion of methane ( CH 4 ). ⇒ balanced equation: CH 4 + 2O 2 →→ CO 2 + 2H 2 O ⇒ mole ratio (conversion factor): 2 mol O 2 ⇔⇔ 2 mol H 2 O [2 mol O 2 /2 mol H 2 O]
2 2
2
Fig. 4.
2
2
4 2
2 4 10
2
4 10
4 10 4 10
4 10
3 4 10
19 kg O
9 10 gO 1 molO
0 gO 2 molCH
13 molO
1 molCH 1 kgCH
10 gCH
⇒ mole ratio: [1 mol Ba2+/1 mol BaSO 4 ] ⇒ molar masses: BaSO 4 →→ 233.40 g/mol Ba →→ 137.34 g/mol
2 4
2
4
4 4
⇒ mass %:
Fig. 4.